talk about the background of culture, co culture, the characteristics of culture, the differences eastern culture and western culture, assimilation of culture and the development of culture.

1. Dealing with
Culture
Presented by:
1. Ahmad Ruhin H.
2. Hemagita Diah P.
3. SriWuryani

2. A.The Nature of Culture
1. Culture
Culture may be defined as the totality of the mental and physical
reactions and activities that characterize the behavior of individuals
composing a social group collectively and individually in relations to
their natural environment, to other groups, to members of the group
itself and of each individual to himself (Boast, 1928)

3. 2. Co-Culture
It refers to a sub-culture within a particular culture that is different
from predominant culture.
The example is O’odham culture is the co-culture of the American
culture as the predominant culture.

4. 3. Characteristics of Culture
George Peter Murdock argued that there are seven cultural patterns of
behavior as outlined below:
a. They originate in human mind
b. They facilitate human environmental interaction
c. They satisfy basic human needs
d. They are cumulative and adjust to change in external and internal
condition
e. They tend to form a consistent structure
f. They are learned and shared by all the member of the society
g. They are transmitted to new generation

5. The Explicit and Implicit Culture
• The explicit culture consists directly of observable regulations in
verbal and non verbal behavior on the members of a society. It
consists of the typical behavior of people.The standard behavior
event is the pattern of behavior of typical individuals in a situation
standard in a culture. All the standard behavior events comprise the
explicit culture of a society.
• Implicit culture can be defined as the modal cognition, wants,
interpersonal response traints and attitudes in a society.We can
discuss the implicit culture of a society in terms of cultural beliefs,
cultural norms, and cultural premises.

6. Cultural Belief
• The belief system of a society includes all the cognition ideas,
knowledge, lore, superstitions, myths and legends, shared by most
members of the society and by the typical occupants of various positions
in the society
• A value is an especially important class of beliefs shared by the members
of a society or by the typical occupants of various positions in the
society, concerning what is “good” or what “ought to be”.
• Behavior in standard behavior events is also regulated by cultural norms.
Norms are divided into folkways and mores. Norms are called folkways
when conformity to them is not considered vital to the welfare of the
group

7. • Mores are norms which specify behavior of vital importance to the
society and which embody its basic moral values.The prohibition
against big army is one of the mores in American culture.
• The basic elements of culture-the standard behavior events and their
associated regulatory patterns are frequently organized into larger
patterns which are well established and accepted as fundamental
part of culture.

8. TheWestern Culture
Specific characteristics of western culture
1. In terms of expressing opinion western people tend to be direct.
2. Western people tend to be individualistic
3. In term of contexts are more systematic in accordance with the
purpose and nature of the context.
4. Westerners have bigger ego than easterners
5. Face the problem directly
6. Westerner thinks that bosses are just little different in terms of
responsibilities

9. Assimilation of theWestern into the Eastern Culture
• By assimilation of culture is meant that two or more culture merge into
one specific culture without showing any of the characteristics of the
two cultures.This happens when we learn a western language either as
foreign or second language.
• This kind of assimilation include lexicogrammatical use of language.
• An utterance, however, is made on the basis of context of culture and of
situation.
• The context of culture will generate the genre of a text.
• Genre is then to show the communicative purposes, generic structure
and linguistics features all of which differ from one culture to another

10. • The context of situation presents a significant flavor with respect to
the use of register depending on the discourse. A political discourse
has a different register from educational register.
• The goal of learning language is to achieve discourse competence as
illustrated bellow