Motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Psychologists have divided motives into three types: biological motives, which are physiological needs for survival; social motives, such as achievement, aggression, and curiosity; and personal motives like habits, life goals, attitudes, and aspirations. Popular theories of motivation discussed include Hertzberg's two-factor theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the Hawthorne effect, expectancy theory, and the three-dimensional theory of attribution.

1. Motivation Theories
Social psychology

2. Definitions of motivation
Motivation is defined as the
process that initiates , guides and
maintains goal-oriented behaviors
.motivation is what causes us to
act

3. NATURE OF MOTIVATION
o Based on motives
o Affected by motivating
o Goal directed behavior
o Related to satisfaction
o Person is motivated in totality
o Complex process

4. Psychologists have divided
motives into three types:
• Biological motives
• Social motives
• Personal motives

5. Biological Motivation and
Homeostasis
Biological motives are called as
physiological motives. These
motives are essential for the
survival of the organism. Such
motives are triggered when
there is imbalancement in the
body.

6. I) Physiological Motives :
• Need for oxygen:
• Hunger motive:
• Thirst motive:
• Motive for regulation of body temperature:
• Need for sleep:
• Need for avoidance of pain:
• Drive for elimination of waste:
• Maternal drive:
• Sex motive:

7. II) Social Motives:
a. Achievement motive:
b. Aggressive motive:
c. Power motive:
d. Acquisitive motive:
e. Curiosity motive:
f. Gregariousness:

8. III) Personal Motives:
a. Force of habits:
b. Goals of life:
d. Attitudes and interests:
c. Levels of aspirations:

9. Unconscious motivation:
Sigmund Freud, the famous
psychologist has explained
elaborately about unconscious
motivation. According to him,
there are certain motives of
which we are unaware, because
they operate from our
unconscious.

10. 5 popular theories of motivation:
o Hertzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
o Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
o Expectancy Theory
o Hawthorne Effect
o Three-Dimensional Theory of Attribution

11. 1. Hertzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

12. 2. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

13. 3. Hawthorne Effect

14. 4. Expectancy Theory

15. 5. Three-Dimensional Theory of
Attribution