This document discusses theories of motivation and ways to redesign jobs and work arrangements. It defines motivation as the process that accounts for an individual's effort toward achieving goals. It outlines early motivation theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and McGregor's Theory X and Y. Contemporary motivation theories discussed include self-determination theory, goal setting theory, and expectancy theory. The document also discusses ways to redesign jobs, like job rotation, and alternative work arrangements such as flextime, job sharing, and telecommuting.

1. ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOUR
-WORKPLACE MOTIVATION-
NUR AFIFAH BT NORSILAN
211634

2. forDEFINITION AND THEORY
• Many people incorrectly view motivation as a personal trait.
• Motivation is “process that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and
persistence of effort toward attaining a goal”.
- Early Theories of Motivation -
i) Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
ii) Theory X – assumptions are basically negative (lower-order needs)
iii) Theory Y – assumptions are basically positive (higher-order needs)
iv) Two Factor theory (intrinsic & extrinsic rewards)
v) McClelland’s Theory of Needs (focus on achievement, power, & affiliation)
- Contemporary Theory of Motivation –
i) Self-determination theory (focus on cognitive evaluation theory)
ii) Employee engagement v) Reinforcement theory
iii) Goal setting theory vi) Equity theory
iv) Self-efficacy theory vii) Expectancy theory

3. WAYS TO REDESIGNED
JOB AND ALTERNATIVE
WORK ARRANGEMENTS
- Redesigned Job -
• Job Rotation:- cross-training
- Alternative Work Arrangement -
• Flextime:- defined as flexible work hours. Allow employees some discretion
over when they arrive at and leave the work.
• Job Sharing:- allow two or more individuals to split a traditional 40-hours-a-
week job.
• Telecommunicating:- allow employees do their work at home at least two
days a week on a computer that is linked to their office.