Providing new energy solutions: UK Tech Week, Turkey

1. Wind farm re-powering, life extension and decommissioning
Wind farm re-powering,
life extension and
decommissioning
Providing new energy solutions: UK
Tech Week, Turkey
16-18 February 2021
advisian.com
1

2. Agenda
• Lifecycle of wind farm
• Operations and maintenance (O&M) phase
• End of life
- Repowering
- Life time extension
- Decommissioning
Wind farm re-powering, life extension and decommissioning
2

3. We cover the whole wind farm asset portfolio from start…
Wind farm re-powering, life extension and decommissioning
Pre-feasibility
• Resource analysis
• Wind measurement campaign
• Site suitability and selection
• Desktop studies
• Grid connection reviews
• Market benefits and profitability
• Site access and transportation
of plant
• Preliminary layout and design
• Preliminary energy
yield assessment
Feasibility
• Initial financial modelling and
technology assessment
• Initial development schedule
and construction assessment
• Resource data analysis
• Environmental and
social assessments
• Hydrological and
geotechnical studies
• Layout design and optimization
• Energy Yield Assessment
or Annual Energy Production
• Network and connection studies
& modelling
• Tender design
• Civil/electrical and balance of
plant works
• Front-end engineering and design
Consent
• Planning application
• Environmental and social
impact assessments
• Transmission line route studies
• Technical environmental studies
and energy yield impact
• Stakeholder management
Financing
• Financial modelling (including
assessment of current market
incentives and policy)
• Lender’s advisor/engineer
• Owner’s engineer
• Technical advisor/consultant
• Procurement
3

4. … to finish. And can help you decide whether to repower,
extend or decommission at the end of normal project lifetime.
Wind farm re-powering, life extension and decommissioning
Construction
• Engineering, procurement, and
construction management
• Construction monitoring
• Owner’s engineer site rep
• Site calibration
• Technical advisor/consultant
• Lender’s advisor/engineer
• Discharge of planning conditions
Commissioning
and start-up
• Commissioning and start-up
services
• Plant testing and performance
assessment/
verification
• Power curve verification
testing (during operational
phase)
Operation and
maintenance
• Operational reviews
• Operation, maintenance and
site management services
• Health, safety, quality and
environment management
(HSQE) and auditing
• Environmental impact studies
• Asset/O&M optimization
Decommissioning
and repowering
• Repowering studies
• Life extension studies
• Decommission studies
• Site restoration
4

5. Project lifecycle risk profile
Wind farm re-powering, life extension and decommissioning
Project cycle
Risk of not
meeting objectives
Financial exposure
Level of project definition
Residual risk
Financial
Closure
100%
COD
• Site identification
(pre-feasibility)
• Feasibility phase
• Consent phase
• Project definition
and tendering
• Financing phase
Construction
Phase (1-year)
Operational and maintenance
(revenue) Phase (20-25 years)
Decommissioning,
repowering or life
extension (End of
Project Lifecycle)
5

6. Operations and maintenance
Wind farm re-powering, life extension and decommissioning
6

7. Preparing for the wear and tear of wind turbines
Wind farm re-powering, life extension and decommissioning
We reduce the impact of
asset failures by analyzing
and identifying replacement
parts before it even
happens.
Machine
failure rate
Break in Normal operation Wear out
Individual
measurement
sample (sets)
Last measurement
(sets)
Time
The 'wear out period’ starts towards the end of
the normal project lifetime. However, this isn’t a
fixed period; it depends on the fatigue incurred
during its operational period as well as the
operations and maintenance strategy adopted by
the owner.
7

8. Using detailed high-speed data to predict the best time
to replace components to keep businesses going
Wind farm re-powering, life extension and decommissioning
3D rendering of
the graph
This graph shows a number of different vibrational channels
with identified abnormal signature frequencies.
Amplitude
Frequency in HZ
HS gear; 800, 1600, 2400 and 3200 HZ
IS gear; 192, 384, 576, 772, 1156, 1734 HZ
100HZ
LS gear; 59HZ
Not identified in this figure due to
space/scaling are:
Blade frequencies (<25 Hz)
Blade passage
Gearbox rotational frequencies (<100Hz)
Higher order harmonics
8

9. We analyze to forecast where fatigues can occur
using rainflow counting
Rainflow counting is a method used to count fatigue cycles
Wind farm re-powering, life extension and decommissioning
Probability
density
function
Power
spectral
density
Structural
model
Fatigue
modeler
Fatigue
life
9

10. Wind farm end of life: repower,
optimize or decommission?
Wind farm re-powering, life extension and decommissioning
10

11. Deciding on the best end-of-life option
Wind farm re-powering, life extension and decommissioning
Repowering involves
energy yield analysis
and studies to optimize
the configuration
Lifetime extension /
optimization involves
examining the risk
profile of the asset
Decommissioning
involves taking down the
wind farm, recycling as
much as possible, and
restoring the site
11

12. Lifetime extension
Wind farm re-powering, life extension and decommissioning 12

13. Full-service capability for developers and financial institutions
Wind farm re-powering, life extension and decommissioning
Proven methodology for
reducing uncertainties
using the Weibull
correlation technique
Detailed availability and
efficiency analysis
together with Probability
of Exceedance analysis
13
• Topographical data
• Annual energy
production of new
turbines
• Known wind resource
(environmental resource)
such as speed and
direction
• Trends over the last 20
years, speed, direction
and temperature
• Balance of plant
Make informed decision
regarding future
options after the plants
normal design life,
based on the data
collected in the last
20-years

14. Providing analysis of current and future
wind farms to understand the return
on investment
Wind farm re-powering, life extension and decommissioning
The topographical map shows the number of wind turbines
installed.
The yellow directional segments shows the direction of the wind
which is mainly coming from the west. It also shows the amount of
energy that the wind turbines can extract from the wind.
The red bars at the end of the yellow segment indicate the energy
lost due to the wake effect from the wind turbines upwind.
14

15. Optimizing the expected energy output based on historical
operations…
Using a probability of exceedance (PoE) curve to determine the expected production and thus the
financial viability of a wind farm beyond its normal lifetime.
Wind farm re-powering, life extension and decommissioning
Probability of exceedance
Net AEP vs probability of exceedance
For check P90/P50(10-YEARS):
15

16. Deciding on optimization and extension after 20 years
Wind farm re-powering, life extension and decommissioning
Mean time between failures of components including repair time
16

17. Designing the optimum approach to life extension
Graph showing that after 20 years (normal design life of wind farms) the wind farm can be continued to be
operated. This shows reduced availability either due to retiring some identified wind turbines or due to
operational constrains that will reduce fatigue.
Wind farm re-powering, life extension and decommissioning
Options for the owner:
1) Switch some turbines off if
O&M cost is too high
2) Continue to use turbines that
are operational and in good
condition (possibly with some
operational constrains)
3) Replace some targeted
components on identified
turbines.
0.880
0.900
0.920
0.940
0.960
0.980
1.000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Availability
Year
Wind Farm Availabilty vs Time
Kilgarvan I Gneeves I Booltiagh I Knockawarriga I Mienvee Flughland
Kilgarvan II (10 x N90) Kilgarvan II (3 x N90) Kilgarvan II (V52) Lisheen I Owenreagh I Owenreagh II
Lisheen II KnockacummerI KnockacummerII Glentane Garracummer Glenduff
Booltiagh II (V90) Booltiagh II (E82) Booltiagh II (SWT) Loughaun North Gneeves II Glentane II
Knockawarriga II Knockawarriga III Kilgarvan III Seegronan Gronan Tieges
Year
Availability
17

18. Designing life of the asset by studying each component
and their efficiency through time
Efficiencies and available applied
Wind farm re-powering, life extension and decommissioning
We apply international
standards and guidelines in
combination with the
knowledge from our asset
management and O&M teams
to calculate future energy
production for new and existing
wind farms after their normal
20-year design life.
18

19. Long term temperature data
suggest increase in extreme
temperatures affecting future
energy production of wind
turbines. Temperature cycles are
fatigue cycles that need to be
included in the end of life
extension calculations.
Climate change affect the operation of the wind turbine
Wind farm re-powering, life extension and decommissioning
Figure 5-3: Temperature and de-rate curves 2.2MW. 0 TO 1.500masl
Wind speed at HH versus temperature curve
19

20. We know and understand the
relevant standards
Wind farm re-powering, life extension and decommissioning
We calculate the life extension of an asset based on:
• ISO 55001 of Asset Management
• IEC 61400-12-1 International Standard
We do this while addressing the full lifecycle of the asset.
The graph shows data
mining from a wind farm
site. We can use this
information to optimize
O&M configuration during
the normal operational life
of a wind farm as well as the
period beyond the normal
end of life.
Correlation sodar data
Denham;
July
2020
20

21. End of life opportunities
Wind farm re-powering, life extension and decommissioning
• Known resource > repowering and or life extension
- Same installed capacity with less turbines
- Lower Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (lower rpm
(visual, noise), less uncertainties, less development risk
• Known resource > repowering and or life extension
- Known fatigue life (Mean Time Between Failures and Mean To Repair)
- Little additional investment
- Reduce cut-out wind speed
- Extend by 10-15 years
21

22. Why is decommissioning the
last resort?
Wind farm re-powering, life extension and decommissioning
Decommissioning involves removing assets,
recycling and site restoration. This is usually
the last resort when repowering and life
extension are not viable options.
22

23. Delivering a more
sustainable world
Our purpose

24. Find out more, contact:
Paul van Lieshout
Technical Director/SME – wind, solar and
hybrid power systems
paul.vanlieshout@advisian.com
Wind farm re-powering, life extension and decommissioning 24

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