INTECSEA's Brian McShane discuss using technology in a challenging energy world, including global warming, renewable energy, commodity pricing and technology applications for the Deepwater and Arctic pipelines
2. Evolving Energy World and Challenges facing Hydrocarbon Projects
Leveraging Technology as Project Enablers
Deepwater
Arctic
Adoption of technologies from other industries
Overview
Arctic
Deepwater
4. United Nations Paris Agreement
125 of 197 countries have ratified
the proposal of keeping global
warming to <2⁰C
Forecasts estimate that fossil fuel
consumption needs to reduce by
35%
A number of countries have
drafted their Nationally Determine
Contributions (NDCs)
Global Warming
5. United Nations
Paris Agreement
Global warming is a significant
world issue and will impact how
energy is generated and
consumed
Global Warming
6. Renewable Energy
Forecasts are predicting a significant increase in use of
renewable energy over the next 25 years
Power generation capacity is significant > 50 MW
Cost of Energy storage is reducing
8. Battery Technology
Electric Vehicles – Cars, Bikes
How quickly will they change
the landscape?
New/Disruptive Technologies
9. Commodity Pricing
Reducing available Capital for projects
Forcing industry consolidation
Reducing available resource capacity
Experienced personnel and knowledge base are
retiring
10. Reduced CAPEX solutions
Accelerated Delivery schedule
Ensure certainty of outcomes
Compete Globally for funding
Respond to how hydrocarbon energy is
going to be consumed
The Hydrocarbon Industry Challenge
12. Industry Examples
International Association of Oil and
Gas Producers IOGP – JIPs
OG21 – TTA4 Report Subsea cost
reduction
DnV·GL – RP Subsea Forgings
Are we moving quickly enough?
Reduces Complex Component pricing;
Accelerates Delivery
Standardization
JIP 33
13. Increase productivity due to greater pressure
drawdown
Reduce CAPEX/OPEX by reducing surface processing
needs
Overcome backpressure to allow extension of
production life
Many pumps deployed. Projects moving to continual
use
Subsea Pumping
14. Composite Materials – high flexibility
and homogeneous
Smart Materials e.g work by BP
International Center for Advanced
Materials
Intelligent - Alloys that can trap Hydrogen
and neutralize its embrittlement impact
Self Healing – Coatings that can sense
damage and react – Micro capsules of
healing fluid
Materials
ICAM left shows nanoparticles within the steel microstructure
to trap hydrogen. Image right shows nano-layers to reduce
wear.
M-pipe in production..
Image from Magma Global
15. Deeper Floating Facilities
Anadarko Lucius
Chevron
Jack St. MaloChevron Big FootShell Olympus
TLP SPAR TLP SEMI
Many projects require large floating facilities to deliver the reservoir. Although these are significant engineering successes, they require CAPEX
16. Overall field development
CAPEX reduction
Motion in 100 year extreme
Heave < 0.2 m SA maximum
Pitch/Roll < 1.9 deg SA maximum
20%
Enable use of SCRs instead of flexibles or
hybrid risers to access subsea wells, from
200m to 3000m+ WD
Allows use of Top Tension Risers and dry
trees to drill and/or complete some wells
from FPSO
Can eliminate the turret, and use
conventional spread mooring
Confirmed by model testing and Approved in
Principle by certifying authority
New Floating Systems Solutions - Low
Motion Technology
18. Ice gouging (scouring) is the most
unpredictable event for design
The pipeline may not be able to
withstand the ice contact loads and
may need to be buried and backfilled
The burial depth of the pipeline is
determined using finite element
methods
Trenching & backfilling is considered
the most effective means of protection
19. Enabling Arctic Technology – Evaluation of PL Strains
Numerical modeling of ice keel/seabed interaction
events has moved to Continuum FEA Methods
Couple ice keel/seabed/pipeline interactions – that
is modelling the ice gouge, soil movements, and
pipeline response in one model
Results show burial depths are reduced compared
to original methods which used discrete soil springs
More work required on calibration and validation of
these models
Offshore Arctic Pipelines - Ice Gouging
Significantly reduces required trench depth impacting CAPEX and
construction schedule
20. Need to economically and effectively trench pipelines over
long distances in Arctic and “frontier” regions
The trenching system must:
Achieve up to 7m burial
Be mechanically reliable
Be able to handle a wide range of soil conditions
Research and development is needed to bridge the gap
between what is currently available and what is needed for ice
scour environments
Solutions are required to achieve deeper trench depths
within construction windows
Enabling Arctic Technology - Trenching
Courtesy: Brown and
Palmer, 1985
Courtesy: Rocksaw
22. Object-specific detailed modeling and
nonlinear drop simulations
Trajectory type identifications
High risk gliding trajectories
Entire seabed impact zone predictions
Risk, cost, schedule savings for
installation
Qualified by BP in a major
test/simulation program
Blind Accident simulations
Dropped Object Testing
Nonlinear Dynamic Substructuring (NDS)
23. Flexible Risers
Enables modeling and
simulation of entire flexible riser
systems with detailed 3D FEMs
Recover detailed stress time-
histories at any location
Accurate simulations of complex
problems enabling confident
project decisions regarding:
Integrity
Project Risk
Mitigation solutions
Nonlinear Dynamic Sub-structuring (NDS)
Pitch Length Detailed FEM
24. Additive Manufacturing - 3D Printing
Siemens Gas Turbine blade
FrontRow printing high nickel alloys for
compact well intervention tools
Other Industries
Complex concrete structures – FreeFAB civil
structures
Fiber Reinforced concrete
Potential Applications
Subsea components
Complex structures
3D Printing repair systems
Manufacturing
26. To deliver the most CAPEX efficient
projects we need to rethink our approach
Leveraging Technology is clearly a key
component of the solution
Technology needs to progress with a Sense
of Urgency
We MUST adjust to the evolving Energy
World – global warming, energy
consumption etc.
Draw on our passion and pioneering spirit
Closing Remarks