Review of theoretical bases of sports periodization in various modalities

1. Periodization in Sports:
Theoretical Basis
Adriano Vretaros
Strength and Conditioning Coach
São Paulo – BRAZIL
avretaros@gmail.com

2. Periodization in Sports:
Historic and Origins
●
Greece *** (Egypt and China)Greece *** (Egypt and China)
●
Military Training and Sportive GamesMilitary Training and Sportive Games
●
Flavius Philostratus (AD 170-245)Flavius Philostratus (AD 170-245)
●
TETRASTETRAS (three days training cycle for a day of(three days training cycle for a day of
rest)rest)
(Mesquita, 2013)(Mesquita, 2013)

3. Periodization in Sports:
Definition
●
Periodization:Periodization: divided in periods (time division planning)
● Scientific and Systematic Process
● Both: short and long term planning
●
PERIODIZATION:PERIODIZATION:¨ is a method that uses the cycling of¨ is a method that uses the cycling of
training characteristics (endurance, strength, power, etc) intraining characteristics (endurance, strength, power, etc) in
order to build up particular characteristics desired in anorder to build up particular characteristics desired in an
athlete ¨athlete ¨ (Painter, 2009)(Painter, 2009)

4. Periodization in Sports:
Concepts
● Methodological rules of the organization of the training
process
●
Pedagogical Principles of TrainingPedagogical Principles of Training
● Law of continuity, gradualness, dynamic waves of
loads, etc
● Process of morpho-functional expertise
● Sports Mastery
(Verkhoshanski, 2001)(Verkhoshanski, 2001)

5. Classification of Types of Sports
●
Pure Strength SportsPure Strength Sports (Powerlifting, Strongman, etc)(Powerlifting, Strongman, etc)
●
Complex Coordination SportsComplex Coordination Sports (Artistic Skating, Synchronized(Artistic Skating, Synchronized
Swimming, etc)Swimming, etc)
●
StrengthSpeed SportsStrengthSpeed Sports (Throwing, Jumps in Track and Field, etc)(Throwing, Jumps in Track and Field, etc)
●
Target SportsTarget Sports (Archery, Shot with Pistol, etc)(Archery, Shot with Pistol, etc)
●
Conduction SportsConduction Sports (Riding, Motorcycling, etc)(Riding, Motorcycling, etc)
●
Cyclic SportsCyclic Sports (Swimming, Triathlon, Marathon, etc)(Swimming, Triathlon, Marathon, etc)
●
Sports GamesSports Games (Soccer, Volleyball, Tennis, Hockey, etc)(Soccer, Volleyball, Tennis, Hockey, etc)
●
Combat SportsCombat Sports (Wrestling, Judo, Taekwondo, etc)(Wrestling, Judo, Taekwondo, etc)
●
Sports CombinedSports Combined (Biathlon, Decathlon, etc)(Biathlon, Decathlon, etc)
( Adapted from Zakharov, 1992)( Adapted from Zakharov, 1992)

6. Periodization in Sports:
Evolution
●
Pre-scientific ConceptionPre-scientific Conception
●
Scientific Conception: Mechanistic andScientific Conception: Mechanistic and
TechnologyTechnology
●
Scientific Conception: Systemic-Scientific Conception: Systemic-
ecologicalecological
(Carravetta, 2012)(Carravetta, 2012)

7. Types of Periodization in Sports
1) Classical Model 7) Selective Charges
2) Pendulum Model 8) ATR Model
3) Structural Model 9) Periodization Tactic
4) Model Block 10) Reverse Periodization
5) Model Bondarchuck 11) Periodization Undulatory
6) Model Bompa 12) Structural Bells

8. Periodization in Sports:
Classic Model
●
~ 1950-1960~ 1950-1960
●
Author: MatveevAuthor: Matveev
●
Biological Laws – Olympic CycleBiological Laws – Olympic Cycle
●
Three periods: Preparatory, Competitive and TransitionThree periods: Preparatory, Competitive and Transition
●
Undulatory variationsUndulatory variations
● Competitive period: PEAKS
(Matveev, 1997)(Matveev, 1997)

9. Periodization in Sports:
Pendulum Model
●
Restoration of working capacity:Restoration of working capacity:
It is most effective when it is not passive rest but
contrasting activity
●
Sequence Microcycles:Sequence Microcycles:
Basic and Regulation
●
Pendulum Principle:Pendulum Principle:
Rhythmic alternation of contrasting microcycles
(Farto, 2002 ; Pereira, 2009)(Farto, 2002 ; Pereira, 2009)

10. Periodization in Sports:
Structural Model
●
Author: TschieneAuthor: Tschiene
●
Explosive Force ModalitiesExplosive Force Modalities
●
Maintaining a high intensity levelMaintaining a high intensity level
●
Dynamic Loads: Waves –Dynamic Loads: Waves – frequentfrequent
changes and small intensechanges and small intense
(Alves, 2010)

11. Periodization in Sports:
Model Block
●
Author: VerkhoshanskiAuthor: Verkhoshanski
●
Sports:Sports: strengthstrength characteristicscharacteristics
●
Concentrated Loads: unidirectional loadsConcentrated Loads: unidirectional loads
●
BLOCK A:BLOCK A: Special Physical PreparationSpecial Physical Preparation
●
BLOCK B:BLOCK B: Technique – Tactical PreparationTechnique – Tactical Preparation
●
BLOCK C:BLOCK C: CompetitionCompetition
●
Retarded effect of trainingRetarded effect of training
(Oliveira, 2007 ; Alves, 2010)

12. Periodization in Sports:
Bondarchuck Model
● Author: Bondarchuck
●
General Preparation:General Preparation: Deleted – except as a means
of recovery
●
Specific Preparation:Specific Preparation: Transfer to competitive
moves
● Function of the physical form curvephysical form curve of each athlete
(Alves, 2010)(Alves, 2010)

13. Periodization in Sports:
Bompa Model
●
Author: BompaAuthor: Bompa
●
Modalities of Strength, Power, Speed, and EnduranceModalities of Strength, Power, Speed, and Endurance
●
Bioenergetics SpecificityBioenergetics Specificity
●
Special Character TrainingSpecial Character Training
●
Training ModelTraining Model
●
Macro and MicrocyclesMacro and Microcycles
(Bompa & Haff, 2012)(Bompa & Haff, 2012)

14. Periodization in Sports:
Selective Charges
●
Author: GomesAuthor: Gomes
●
Initially used in football (Soccer)Initially used in football (Soccer)
●
Speed CapabilitiesSpeed Capabilities
●
Alternation of capacity each monthAlternation of capacity each month
(Gomes, 2002)

15. Periodization in Sports:
ATR Model
●
Authors: Issurin and KaverinAuthors: Issurin and Kaverin
●
Variation VerkhoshanskiVariation Verkhoshanski
●
Periods:Periods: AAccumulationccumulation
TTransformationransformation
RRealizationealization
(Alves, 2010 ; Issurin, 2010)(Alves, 2010 ; Issurin, 2010)

16. Periodization in Sports:
Periodization Tactic
●
Author: Vitor FradeAuthor: Vitor Frade
●
Methodology training for football (Soccer)Methodology training for football (Soccer)
●
Collective Sports Games (Team Sports)Collective Sports Games (Team Sports)
●
Contexts: Technical and Tactical situationsContexts: Technical and Tactical situations
●
Transfer of fractual organization to the trainingTransfer of fractual organization to the training
process and gameprocess and game
●
Game Model: ensure complexityGame Model: ensure complexity
(Pivetti, 2012 ; Borges, 2014)(Pivetti, 2012 ; Borges, 2014)

17. Periodization in Sports:
Reverse Periodization
● Author: (???)
● Studied in Strength Training Weight
Training
●
¨Starting with high-intensity low-volume¨Starting with high-intensity low-volume
and gradually increasing volume andand gradually increasing volume and
reducing intensity¨reducing intensity¨
(Arroyo-Toledo et alii, 2012)

18. Periodization in Sports:
Periodization Undulatory
● Authors: (???)
● Nonlinear periodization more flexible
●
Studied in Strength TrainingStudied in Strength Training
● Diverse stimuli load
● Greater number of Peaks
●
Variations: VolumeVariations: Volume vsvs IntensityIntensity – Fitness Gains
(Fleck & Kraemer, 2009)

19. Periodization in Sports:
Structural Bells
●
Author: FortezaAuthor: Forteza
●
Adjustment of theAdjustment of the ¨pendulum structure¨¨pendulum structure¨
●
Distinction between general and specific loadsDistinction between general and specific loads
●
Predominance of special loadsPredominance of special loads
●
During the season various macrocyclesDuring the season various macrocycles
(Forteza, 2006 ; Pereira, 2009)(Forteza, 2006 ; Pereira, 2009)

20. Analytical Division of
Periodization
● Macrocycle
● Mesocycle
● Microcycle
● Training Unit

21. Macrocycle
● Multi-annual Plan
● Yearly
● Semiannual (6 months)
● 04 months or Sub-divisionsSub-divisions
● Periods: Preparatory (GS)Preparatory (GS)
PrecompetitivePrecompetitive
CompetitiveCompetitive
TransitionTransition

22. Mesocycle
● Monthly
● Or 2-10 weeks
●
Types:Types: IncorporationIncorporation
BasicBasic
StabilizerStabilizer
ControlControl
PrecompetitivePrecompetitive
CompetitiveCompetitive
RecuperativeRecuperative

23. Microcycle
● ~1 week
●
Types:Types: IncorporationIncorporation
OrdinaryOrdinary
ShockShock
PrecompetitivePrecompetitive
CompetitiveCompetitive
RecuperativeRecuperative

24. Training Unit
● Session:
1) Introductory: a- General Warm-up
b- Specific Warm-up
2) Fundamental: c- Main Goal
3)End: d- Return to Homeostasis
e- Recovery

25. Macro-Meso-Microcycles
MACROCYCLE
MESOCYCLE MESOCYCLE MESOCYCLE MESOCYCLE
micr micr micr micr micr micr micr micr micr micr micr micr micr micr micr micr
PP CP T
PP CP T PP CP T
PP CP PP CP T

26. Principles Master Training
●
Biological IndividualityBiological Individuality
●
AdaptationAdaptation
●
OverloadOverload
●
ProgressivityProgressivity
●
Interdependence Volume-IntensityInterdependence Volume-Intensity
●
SpecificitySpecificity
●
ConcurrencyConcurrency
●
TrainabilityTrainability
●
ContinuityContinuity

27. Principle of
Biological Individuality
+
Genotype Phenotype

28. Principle Adaptation
●
Hans SelyeHans Selye
●
General Adaptations SyndromeGeneral Adaptations Syndrome
1) Alarm Phase1) Alarm Phase
2) Reaction Phase2) Reaction Phase
3) Resistance Phase3) Resistance Phase
4) Development Phase4) Development Phase
5) Exhaustion Phase5) Exhaustion Phase
6) Supercompensation6) Supercompensation

29. Principle of Overload
●
Functional changes in the athlete´s body:Functional changes in the athlete´s body:
1) Acute Adaptation
2) Chronic Adaptation
● Stimulus: Stressful LoadStressful Load
Maintenance LoadMaintenance Load
Recuperative LoadRecuperative Load

30. Principle of Progressivity
●
Gradual Application of LoadsGradual Application of Loads
●
Respect the Specific Periods of AdaptationsRespect the Specific Periods of Adaptations
1) Increase of the weekly frequency1) Increase of the weekly frequency
2) Increase in the volume andor intensity2) Increase in the volume andor intensity
3) Specific exercises increasingly3) Specific exercises increasingly
4) New training methods4) New training methods
(Badillo & Ayestarán, 2001)(Badillo & Ayestarán, 2001)

31. Principle of Interdependence
Volume-Intensity
●
VOLUMEVOLUME (Quantity)(Quantity)
●
INTENSITYINTENSITY (Quality)(Quality)
●
DENSITYDENSITY
VolumeVolume IntensityIntensity
VolumeVolume IntensityIntensity

32. Principle of Specificity
● Sport Particularities:
1) Bioenergetic
2) Morpho-functional
3) Biomechanical
4) Training Methods

33. Principle of Concurrency
● Different Capabilities Biomotor
● Sequential Loads Heterogeneous (Antagonist)(Antagonist):
Aerobic Training # Strength TrainingAerobic Training # Strength Training
Flexibility Training # Strength TrainingFlexibility Training # Strength Training
Aerobic Training # Speed TrainingAerobic Training # Speed Training
Aerobic Training # Speed-endurance TrainingAerobic Training # Speed-endurance Training
Aerobic Training # Agility TrainingAerobic Training # Agility Training
Strength Training # Coordination TrainingStrength Training # Coordination Training
and othersand others

34. Principle of Trainability
Elite Athlete
(slow)(slow)
(greater)(greater)
Young Athlete

35. Principle of Continuity
SESSION
01
SESSION
02
SESSION
03
Microcycle
01
Microcycle
02
Microcycle
03
Mesocycle
01
Mesocycle
02
Mesocycle
03
Macrocycle
01
Macrocycle
02
Macrocycle
03

36. Periodization in Sports:
Terminology
(Adapted from Lorenz et alii, 2010)
European
Terminology
Preparation
Phase
Competitive
Phase
Season
Transition
(Active Rest)
Traditional
American
Terminology
Pre-Season In-Season Off-Season
American
StrengthPower
Terminology
Hypertrophy
+
StrengthPower
Peaking Active Rest

37. Aspects of Athlete Preparation
●
Physical PreparationPhysical Preparation
●
Technical PreparationTechnical Preparation
●
Tactical PreparationTactical Preparation
●
Psychological Preparation (Moral e Volitional)Psychological Preparation (Moral e Volitional)
●
Theoretical PreparationTheoretical Preparation
(Forteza, 1999)(Forteza, 1999)

38. Periodization in Sports:
Plateau Theory
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
20
30 30
20
Preparatory Period (GS) Competiti
ve
Transition
Competitive PeriodPP(GS) T

39. Periodization in Sports
Theory of Peaks - I
●
Quantity of PeaksQuantity of Peaks
Block 01 Block 02 Block 03 Block 04
0
2
4
6
8
10
12

40. Periodization in Sports:
Theory of Peaks - II
●
Magnitude of the PeaksMagnitude of the Peaks
Block 01 Block 02 Block 03 Block 04
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90

41. Adequacy of Periodization
Models
●
Meta-analysisMeta-analysis
(Dantas et alii, 2011)(Dantas et alii, 2011)
Model Verkhoshanski Matveev Bompa ATR Forteza
IADEQ 2,88 3,44 2,66 1,96 2,25
Concept Good Very Good Good Regulate Regulate
Model Verkhoshaski Matveev Bompa ATR Forteza
IADEQ 0,57 1,13 0,34 -0,37 -0,07
Concept Moderate Great Moderate Small Small

42. Periodization in Jiu-Jitsu
(Domingues & Ferrari, 2011)
(Author???(Author???
December January February March April May June July
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Competit
Training
Competit
Training
Comp
A
Comp
B
Main
Comp
I
N
I
T
I
A
L
T
E
S
T
S
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
0
1
1
1
2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6
Step A Step B Step C B Step C
12
weeks
07
weeks
04
weeks
02
w
06
weeks
A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C B2 C
28 days
01 test
28 days
01 test
27 days
01 test
24
days
01
test
24
days
01 test
28
days
01 test
13d
1 t
42 days
01 test

43. Periodization for
Female Gymnastics
(Lacordia et alii, 2006)(Lacordia et alii, 2006)
Periodization Models Types of Exercises
------------ Fundamental
Basic
Directed Special
Level 01 64,58% 29,16% 6,26%
Level 02 50,0% 43,75% 6,26%
Level 03 43,75% 45,83% 10,42%
Level 04 29,17% 45,83% 25,0%
Level 05 22,91% 50,0% 27,09%
Level 06 6,25% 37,50% 56,25%

44. Periodization in Soccer U-15:
Distribution of Loads
●
Traditional PeriodizationTraditional Periodization
(Alves et alii, 2009)(Alves et alii, 2009)
P1 P2 P3 P4
Physical 54% 31% 43% 18%
Technique 28% 37% 30% 38%
Tactic 18% 32% 27% 44%
Total Hours 59,4 45,7 41,6 65,1
Number of
Microcycles
7 6 5 9
Mean Hours
Microcycle
8,5 7,6 8,3 7,3
Mean Hours
Session
1,7 1,5 1,7 1,5

45. Periodization Used in Beach Volleyball
Between 1999-2008
(Adapted from Marques Junior, 2009)(Adapted from Marques Junior, 2009)
Year PERIODIZATION Year PERIODIZATION
1999 Matveev 2006a Block
2000 Matveev 2006b Tschiene
2001 Matveev 2007a Tschiene
2002 Matveev 2007b Matveev
2003a Matveev 2008a Tschiene
2003b Block 2008b Block
2004 Block 2008c Nonlinear
2005 Tactic 2008d Matveev

46. Strength Periodization in the First
Division Handball - I
●
Training Units –Training Units – Preparatory PeriodPreparatory Period – Teams– Teams
(Adapted from Costa de Freitas, 1999)(Adapted from Costa de Freitas, 1999)
PP-Teams A B C D E F G H AF RF
Monday 1 -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 07 87,5%
Tuesday -- 1 -- 1 1 1 1 -- 05 62,5%
Wednesday 1 -- 1 -- 1 -- -- 1 04 50,0%
Thursday -- 1 1 -- 1 1 1 -- 05 62,5%
Friday 1 1 -- -- 1 -- -- 1 04 50,0%
Saturday -- -- 1 -- 1 -- -- -- 02 25,0%
Total 03 03 04 02 06 03 03 03 --- 3,4+-
1,2

47. Strength Periodization in the First
Division Handball - II
●
Training Units –Training Units – Competitive PeriodCompetitive Period – Teams– Teams
(Adapted from Costa de Freitas, 1999)(Adapted from Costa de Freitas, 1999)
CP - Teams A B C D E F G H AF RF
Monday -- 1 1 1 1 -- 1 1 06 75,0%
Tuesday 1 1 1 -- -- 1 1 1 06 75,0%
Wednesday -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 01 12,5%
Thursday -- -- -- -- -- 1 -- -- 01 12,5%
Friday -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 00 0%
Saturday -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 00 0%
Total 01 02 02 01 01 02 02 03 --- 1,8+-
0,9

48. Periodization of Professional
Soccer Players - I
(Ramos da Silva et alii, 2006)(Ramos da Silva et alii, 2006)
Type of Training Session Length Weekly Frequency WF - Variation
--- --- T1 - T2 T2 - T3 T1-T2 to T2-T3
Recovery 30 minutes 4 2 -50%
Aerobic 60 minutes 4 2 -50%
Specific Soccer 30 minutes 2 4 +100%
Specific Speed 40 minutes 2 4 +100%
Tactical 30 minutes 2 4 +100%
Technique 40 minutes 2 4 +100%
Friendly Match 60 minutes 3 3 0%
Recreative 60 minutes 1 1 0%

49. Periodization of Professional
Soccer Players - II
(Oaks & Simali-Garcia, 2013)(Oaks & Simali-Garcia, 2013)
MONTHS DURATION (minutes) Intensity %HR max
Training Sessions
January 3287 76,89
February 1829 80,05
March 1062 73,01
April 1761 82,26
May 2575 80,24
June 2100 80,98
July 1680 81,32
August 2175 78,04
September 1425 71,31
October 2085 79,86
November 1955 81,39
Mean 1994+-586,15 79,40+-2,62

50. Periodization of Professional
Soccer Players - III
(Carravetta, 2012)(Carravetta, 2012)
ANNUAL
SEASON
REGENERATIVE
TRAINING
PHYSICAL
TRAINING
Technical-Tactical
Training
1 game per week
at 17 weeks
17 training units 17 training units 85 training units
2 games per week
at 25 weeks
50 training units
----
75 training units
TOTAL: 42 weeks
Mean of 67
games
Total:
67 training units
Total:
17 training units
Total:
160 training units
Five Championships in the Season

51. Periodization of Professional
Soccer Players - IV
(Carravetta, 2012)(Carravetta, 2012)
ANNUAL
SEASON
REGENERATIVE
TRAINING
PHYSICAL
TRAINING
Technical-Tactical
Training
1 game per week
at 28 weeks
28 training units 56 training units 112 training units
2 games per week
at 14 weeks
28 training units
----
70 training units
TOTAL:
42 weeks and
56 games
Total: 56 training
units
Total: 56 training
units
Total: 182 training
units
Three Championships in the Season

52. Selective Loads Periodization in
Basketball
(Adapted from Mazon et alii, 2015)
(Mazon et alii, 2015)(Mazon et alii, 2015)
Microcycles 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Total days of training 6 7 6 6 7 6 7 6 7 6
Number of sessions 12 13 11 12 12 12 13 11 12 12
Training time (min) 920 960 900 900 900 920 960 900 900 920
Official games 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1
Technical and tactical 7 8 7 7 7 7 8 7 7 7
Strength
Weight training exercise 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Resistance running 1 1 1 1 1 -- 1 -- 1 --
Multi-jumps -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Jumps with weight -- -- -- 1 1 1 1 -- -- --
Depth jumps 1 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Speed
Maximal accelerations -- -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
Flexibility
Dynamic stretching 1 1 -- -- -- 1 -- 1 -- 1

53. Periodization Block in Taekwondo
●
Block PeriodizationBlock Periodization
(Adapted from Carazo-Vargas et alii, 2015)(Adapted from Carazo-Vargas et alii, 2015)
Goal of workload Approximate
duration per
Session (min)
Accumulation
Week
Sessions
Transmutation
Week
Sessions
Realization
Week
Sessions
Recovery 15 6 6 6
Aerobic resist 30 6 2 0
Strength 30 4 2 0
Resist to force 20 0 4 1
Power 30 0 6 2
Speed 30 1 3 6
Flexibility 20 6 6 6
Basic technique 60 6 3 2
Specific techniq 60 1 6 6
Combat tactics 30 1 3 4
Combat scenario 30 0 4 3
Free fight 30 3 3 4

54. Reverse Periodization in
Swimming
(Adapted from Arroyo-Toledo et alii, 2013)(Adapted from Arroyo-Toledo et alii, 2013)
GROUPS Weeks 1-4 Weeks 5-8 Weeks 9-12 Weeks 12-14
Traditional
Periodization
LIT (5-6x800m) ThT (10-12x
200m)
HIT (5x25m)
ThT (3x200m)
HIT (5x25m)
ThT (3x200m)
Period General
Endurance
30Kmweek
Specific
Endurance
26Kmweek
Competitive
20Kmweek
Taper
10Kmweek
Reverse
Periodization
(6-16x10m) UST (6x20m) HIT (5x25m)
ThT (3x200m)
HIT (5x25m)
ThT (3x200m)
Period Tethered
Training
12kmweek
Ultra-short
training
16Kmweek
Competitive
20kmweek
Taper
10kmweek
TESTS T1 T2 T3 T4 T5

55. Periodization on Aerobic
Performance in Rugby
(Ke-tien, 2012)(Ke-tien, 2012)
Variable
(n=24)
ET1 ET2 SIT1 SIT2
Protocol 40-60 min
running
30min running x
2-4rep, 20min
rest
30s x 8-12rep,
2,5 min rest
30s x 10-15 rep
1,5 min rest
Training
Intensity
5x per week 5x per week 5x per week 5x per week
Training
Intensity
45%
VO2peak
65-75%VO2peak
(~4mM LT)
All out
maximal effort
All out supra-
maximal effort
Weekly
Training
~8h ~4-8h ~7h ~7h
Training
Session
7 days 21 days 14 days 14 days

56. Periodization in Powerlifting
(Adapted from João et alii, 2014)(Adapted from João et alii, 2014)
Meso Micro No Ser No Rep ID % 1RM CT
(RepMHT)
Meso 1 4 10 6 3-5 min 65% 240
Meso 2 4 8 4 3-5 min 75% 128
Meso 3 4
2
6
6
4
2
3-5 min
3-5 min
80%
90%
96
---
Meso 4 1
1
6
4
1
4
3-5 min
3-5 min
95%
70%
34
---
Mean
+- SD
3+-2 7+-2 4+-2 --- 80+-11 124+-86

57. Periodization in Tennis - I
●
Periodization of Strength (Nonlinear or Undulating)Periodization of Strength (Nonlinear or Undulating)
(Kraemer et alii, 2003)(Kraemer et alii, 2003)
Group
Periodization Undulating
Group
Nonperiodized
Monday 4-to 6RM – Training Loads 8-to10RM – Training Loads
Wednesday 8-to 10RM – Training Loads 8-to 10 RM – Training Loads
Friday 12-to 15RM – Training Loads 8-to 10RM – Training Loads

58. Periodization in Tennis - II
●
Statistical Periodization ConditioningStatistical Periodization Conditioning
●
Monitoring Parameters:Monitoring Parameters:
a) trainingrecovery (11 items)a) trainingrecovery (11 items)
b) performance readiness (24 items)b) performance readiness (24 items)
c) game performance (10 items)c) game performance (10 items)
●
Using a 5-point scaleUsing a 5-point scale
●
Fluctuation Factors of ConditioningFluctuation Factors of Conditioning
(training achievement, recovery achievement, sleep, specific(training achievement, recovery achievement, sleep, specific
training, fatigue, physiological needs, and physical training)training, fatigue, physiological needs, and physical training)
(Kinugasa et alii, 2002)(Kinugasa et alii, 2002)

59. Periodization in Baseball
(Ebben et alii, 2005)
●
SurveySurvey of the practices of MLB – S&C Coachesof the practices of MLB – S&C Coaches
●
18 of 21 (85,7%) of coaches follow a Periodization Model18 of 21 (85,7%) of coaches follow a Periodization Model
(Ebben et alii, 2005)(Ebben et alii, 2005)
Higher-order themes Number of
Responses
Select raw data representing responses to this
question
Seasonspecified cycle length 9 In-season: April-October(6mo). Out-of-season:
October-November(1mo). Off-season: November-
February(3mo). Pre-season: February-April(2mo)
Adaptationsphases 4 Hypertrophy: October-November(6-8wk). Strength:
November-December(4wk). Power: December-
January(2-3wk)
Seasonal with adaptationsphases 4 Base strengthendurance: October-November(3-
4wk). HypertrophyStrength: November-
December(4-6wk). Power: January(4wk). Pre-
season: February-March(4-6wk)
No answer 4

60. Periodization in Sports:
Problems Solution
(Adapted from Forteza, 2000)(Adapted from Forteza, 2000)
Direction of Training
MethodsLoads

61. Training Session Recovery
●
PHASES:PHASES: Recovery (restoration)Recovery (restoration)
Restoration (supercompensation)Restoration (supercompensation)
Stabilization (adaptation)Stabilization (adaptation)
●
Recovery Methods:Recovery Methods: 1) Synchronic1) Synchronic
2) Primary Restitution2) Primary Restitution
3) Secondary Restitution3) Secondary Restitution
4) Restitution of overtraining4) Restitution of overtraining
((Gutiérrez & CastilloGutiérrez & Castillo apud Borin et alii, 2007)apud Borin et alii, 2007)

62. Periodization in Sports:
Practical Applications
●
1) Study the characteristics sports modality1) Study the characteristics sports modality
●
2) Analyze the sporting calendar (SEASON)2) Analyze the sporting calendar (SEASON)
●
3) Prioritize competitions3) Prioritize competitions
●
4) Select the model of periodization4) Select the model of periodization
●
5) Adequacy of periodization to your calendar5) Adequacy of periodization to your calendar
●
6) Control the training loadsrecovery6) Control the training loadsrecovery
●
7) Control the competitive results7) Control the competitive results
●
8) If necessary: re-adequacy model of periodization8) If necessary: re-adequacy model of periodization
●
9) Plan a multi-year periodization9) Plan a multi-year periodization

63. References - I
● Alves, DM et alii Alterações na aptidão física de atletas de
futebol ao longo de um macrociclo de treinamento. Revista
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● Alves, FJ Modelos de periodização. Lecturas: Educación
Física y Deportes, año15, n.148, septiember de 2010
● Arroyo-Toledo et alii Comparison between traditional and
reverse periodization: swimming performance and specific
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● Badillo, JJ & Ayestarán, EG Fundamentos do treinamento de
força. 2o. Edição, Artmed, Porto Alegre; 2001
● Benda, RN & Greco, PJ Iniciação Esportiva Universal. Editora
UFMG; 2001

64. References - II
● Bompa, TO & Haff, GG Periodização. 5a. Edição, Phorte, São
Paulo; 2012
● Borges, PH et alii Contribuições da periodização tática para o
desenvolvimento de uma identidade coletiva em equipes de futebol.
Cinergis, v.15, n.02, p.81-86; 2014
● Borin, JP et alii Preparação Desportiva: aspectos do controle da carga de
treinamento nos jogos coletivos. Revista da Educação FísicaUEM, v.18,
n.01, p.97-105; 2007
● Carazo-Vargas, P et alii Periodization model for Costa Rican
taekwondo athletes. Strength and Conditioning Journal, v.32, n.03,
p.74-83; 2015
● Carravetta, E Futebol: a formação de times competitivos. Ed
Sulina, Porto Alegre; 2012
● Costa de Freitas, RJ Treino de força em andebol. Dissertação
de Mestrado, Universidade do Porto; 1999

65. References - III
● Dantas, EHM et alii Adequabilidade dos principais modelos de
periodização do treinamento esportivo . Revista Brasileira de
Ciências do Esporte,v.33, n.02, p.483-494; 2011
● Domingues, AR & Ferrari, HG Proposta para preparação física
especial para lutas de jiu-jitsu aplicando o modelo de
treinamento de cargas concentradas. Lecturas: Educación
Física y Deportes, año16, n.158, julio de 2011
● Ebben, WP et alii Strength and conditioning practices of Major
League Baseball strength and conditioning coaches. Journal
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2005
● Fleck, SJ & Kraemer, WJ Otimizando o treinamento de força:
programas de periodização não-linear. Manole, São Paulo;
2009

66. References - IV
● Farto, ER Estrutura e planificação do treinamento desportivo.
Lecturas: Educación Física y Deportes, año08, n.48, mayo de 2002
● Forteza, A Las direcciones del entrenamiento deportivo - I. Lecturas:
Educación Física y Deportes, año04, n.17, deciember de 1999
● Forteza, A Las direcciones del entrenamiento deportivo - II. Lecturas:
Educación Física y Deportes, año05, n.27, noviember de 2000
● Forteza, A Treinamento Desportivo: carga, estrutura e
planejamento. Phorte, São Paulo; 2006
● Gomes, AC Treinamento Desportivo: estruturação e periodização.
Artmed, Porto Alegre; 2002
● Issurin, VB New horizons for the methodology and physiology of
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67. References - V
● João, GA et alii Effect of 16 weeks of periodized resistance
training on strength gains of powerlifting athletes. Journal of
Exercise Physiology on line, v.17, n.03, p.102-109; 2014
● Ke-Tien, Y Effects of cardiovascular endurance training
periodization on aerobic performance and stress modulation in
rugby athletes. Life Science Journal, v.09, n.02, p.1218-1225;
2012
● Kinuga, T et alii Statistical evaluation of conditioning for an elite
collegiate tennis player using a single-case design. Journal
Strength and Conditioning Research, v.16, n.03, p.466-471;
2002
● Kraemer, WJ et alii Physiological changes with periodized
resistance training in women tennis players. Medicine Science
Sports Exercise, v.35, n.01, p.157-168; 2003

68. References - VI
● Lacordia, RC et alii Proposta de modelos de periodização de
treinamento para níveis de aprendizado em ginástica olímpica
feminina. Arquivos em Movimento, v.02, n.01, janeirojunho;
2006
● Lorenz, DS et alii Periodization current review and suggested
implementation for athletic rehabilitation. Sports Health, v.02,
n.06, p.509-518; 2010
● Lussac, RMP Os princípios do treinamento esportivo: conceitos,
definições, possíveis aplicações e um possível novo olhar.
Lecturas: Educación Física y Deportes, año13, n.121; 2008
● Marques Junior, NK O efeito da periodização em um atleta do
voleibol na areia – 1999 a 2008. Movimento & Percepção,
v.10, n.15, p.54-94; 2009

69. References - VII
● Matveev, LP Treino Desportivo: metodologia e planejamento.
Phorte, São Paulo; 1997
● Mesquita, F Modelos de periodização: uma abordagem aos
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Física y Deportes, año18, n.187, diciembre de 2013
● Mazon, JH et alii Study of heart rate variability and stress
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70. References - VIII
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● Painter, KB A practical comparison between traditional
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● Pereira, B et alii Modelos de periodização: uma breve revisão.
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● Pivetti, BMF Periodização Tática. Phorte, São Paulo; 2012
● Platonov, VN Tratado Geral de Treinamento Desportivo.
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● Pereira, B & Souza Junior, TP Dimensões Biológicas do
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71. References - IX
● Ramos da Silva, AS et alii Comportamento das concentrações
séricas e urinárias de creatinina e uréia ao longo de uma
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