CKA Certified Kubernetes Administrator Notes
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Unique course notes for the Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) for each section of the exam. Designed to be engaging and used as a reference in the future for kubernetes concepts.
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CKA Certified Kubernetes Administrator Notes
- 4. These notes follow LinuxAcademy structure which can be found here: https:// linuxacademy.com/course/cloud-native-certified-kubernetes-administrator-cka/. I would recommend viewing the course to gain full and detailed explanations. I have created these notes as part of my personal learning and hope to be able to help and inspire others. As i am also learning, there may well be mistakes, please do reach out and let me know, so i can correct them. Follow me on instagram: https://www.instagram.com/adnans_techie_studies/ All my notes are hosted here: https://adnan.study Connect with me on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/adnanrashid1/ Overview
- 6. ETCD SCHEDULER DATAASSIGNPODPOD TO NODE NODE NODE NODE p CLUSTER CONFIG MASTER CONTROLLER y MANAGER 0 API t SERVER iE9iE9 MeffNsIAEtN COMMUNICATION HUB v NODE REPLICATE FAILURE COMPONENTS Cluster Architecture
- 7. API SERVER g r KUBELET KUBE PROXY r 7 API SERVER WORKER NODE NODES KP KP KP KP v CONTAINER DOCKER RUNTIME SCONTAINERD e RUNSYOUR CONTAINERS Network rules on nodes Manages containers on the node Network Proxy that runs on each node
- 8. MODEL MASTER POD KUBELET KUBE Proxy 2 N DOCKER IMAGE REGISTRY KUBECTL YAML FILES G IT Application running on Kubernetes API Primitives Convert to JSON when making request API server is the only one that communicates with Etcd Every component communicates with the API server only and not directly with one another. Objects like pods and services are declarative intents.
- 9. API VERSION KIND METADATA s L v SPEC STATUS s YAML File Composition Clear consistent view of resources The kind of object you want to create Pod• Deployment• Job• NamespaceName String UID Uniquely identify the object Container image volume exposed ports State of the object —> match desired states
- 10. u r 32767 32767 v v SERVICE s POD POD u POD NODE 1 NODE 2 CONSISTENT IP ADDRESS Services and Network Primitives Services allow you to dynamically access a group of replica pods
- 11. API SERVER SERVICE s KUBE KUBE PROXY PROXY IPTABLES DESTINATION IPTABLES DESTINATION POD POD NODE 1 NODE 2 Kube-Proxy Kube-Proxy handles the traffic associated with a service by creating IP table rules
- 13. PICKING THE RIGHT SOLUTION OR CLOUD ON PREM CUSTOM PRE BUILT OR Release Binaries, Provisioning and Types of Clusters Minikube• Minishift• Micro K8S• Ubuntu on LXD• AWS, Azure and GCP• Install manually• Configure your own network fabric• Locate the release binaries• Build your own Images• Secure cluster comms•
- 14. MASTER WORKERS DOCKER t s GPGKEY KUBERNETES ADDREPOS 2 UPDATEPACKAGES 3 INSTALL DOCKER KUBELET KUBEADM KUBECTL 4 MODIFY BRIDGE ADAPTERSETTINGS MASTER ONLY I INITIALISE CLUSTER 2 MAKEDIRECTORY FORK8S 3 COPY KUBE CONFIG 4 CHANGE OWERSHIP OF CONFIG 5 APPLY FLANNEL CNI Installing kubernetes master and nodes
- 15. MASTER 3 MASTER 2 MASTER I APISERVER t EDI Eh'InhIE ER or ACTIVE NODE 1 LOAD BALANCER n r KUBELET KUBELET KUBELET WORKER 1 WORKER2 WORKER3 All components can be replicated, but only certain ones can operate simultaneously Building highly available cluster
- 16. SCHEDULER CM o 0 ARE WE IN tEEEE II CHARGE IiiI CLUSTER igg theft o NOTTEIRET E o j SCHEDULER CM LEADINGTO DUPLICATERESOURCES OR CORRUPTION HOW DO WE DECIDE LEADER ELECT CREATESENDPOINT RESOURCE OPTION SEE IN SCHEDULER YAML HOLDERIDENTITY The controller manager and the scheduler actively watch the cluster state and take action when it changes
- 17. TOPOLOGY L J STACKED EXTERNAL TO KUBERNETES CLUSTER EACH CONTROL PLANE NODE CREATES LOCAL ETCDMEMBER ONLYCOMMUNICATES WITH API SERVER nv v ETCD ETCD RAFT CONSENSUS ALGORITHMin ETCD REQUIRES MAJORITY THEREMUST BE MORETHANHALF APISERVER TAKINGPLACE IN THE STATE CHANGEANDTHEREFORE THERE MUST BE ODDNUMBEROF NODES Replicating etcd
- 18. ALLCOMMUNICATION VIA HTTPS CLUSTERKUBERNETES KUBECTL a TRANSLATES API STATE r PROVIDES CRUD u v s CREATE READ UPDATE DELETE RETURN RESPONSE KUBECTL API STATE CREATE POD HTTPPOST SERVER STORED IN ETCD L i i 1 MULTIPLE AUTHENTICATION AUTHORISATION ADMISSION VALIDATION PLUGINS 7 7 7 READ SKIP CALLS TO CREATEDETERMINE CANTHIS USER REQUEST PERFORMTHIS MODIFY ACTION DELETE 1 1 HTTP HEADER CERTIFICATE Configuring Secure Cluster Communications
- 19. O ACTION f s ROLE ROLE BINDING 1012MORE v WHOIAN RESOURCE DO IT WHATCAN BEDONE ROLE ROLE BINDING NAMESPACE RESOURCE CLUSTERROLE CLUSTERROLEBINDING CLUSTER LEVEL RESOURCES RBAC is used to prevent unauthorised users from modifying the cluster state Building Highly Available Cluster
- 20. IDENTITY OF APP POD c SERVICE ACCOUNT RUNNING INPOD API r n KYLE.io YEr8FEeREEYouNTT0KENFILEATEfYIeff T'ON NAMESPACE 1 NAMESPACE 2 POD POD POD POD L SERVICE SERVICE ACCOUNT ACCOUNT ONLYUSESERVICE ACCOUNTIN SAME NAMESPACE Service Account
- 21. PERFORMANCE EXAMPLEAND WHY RESPONSE OF TESTS APPLICATION KUBETEST POORCLUSTER PERFORMANCE Running end to end tests on cluster Deployments can run• Pods can run• Pods can be directly accessed• Logs can be collected• Commands run from pods• Services can provide access• Nodes are healthy• Pods are healthy•
- 22. UPGRADING KUBEADM CLUSTER KUBECTL OPERATING SYSTEM UPGRADES j USE DEPLOYMENTS GETPODS ORREPLICA SETS DRAIN NODE UNCORDON PUTBACK TO SERVICE BACKUP CLUSTERAND s ETCD RESTORE STATE CLUSTER v SAVE EXTERNALLY Managing Cluster
- 24. NETWORKING WITHIN A NODE 10244 1.2 10 244 1.3 POD 1 POD 2 ETHO ETH v v VETHZAA VETH808 BRIDGE a 10.244 l 1 24 NODE 1 NETWORKING OUTSIDE OF THE NODE 10.244 t Z 102442.3 PODI VETH VETH C POD2 BRIDGE ETHO ETHO a BRIDGE NODEI 172 31.43 91 NODEZ 172.31 34.144 NETWORK Pod and Node Networking
- 25. 10.244 t Z 102442.3 PODI VETH VETH a POD2 BRIDGE ETHO CNI ETHOL BRIDGE NODEI 172 31.43 91 NODEZ 172.31 34.144 NETWORK CNI IS A NETWORKOVERLAY ALLOWS BUILDING TUNNEL BETWEEN NODES SITS ONTOP OF EXISTING NETWORKS ENCAPSULATES PACKETS HEADER DATA TRAILER or a CHANGES SOURCEIDEST ADD TOWDOES CNI DO THIS THERE ISAMAPPING ASSOCIATED IN USERSPACE PROGRAM ALL PODIP ADDRESS'S TONODE IP WHEN REACH OTHER NODE DE ENCAPSULATE EXAMPLE CNI PACKET ANDGIVE TO BRIDGE As v APPEARSLOCAL 10 NODE MiCALICO FLANNEL Container Network Interface
- 26. API SERVER SERVICE 10.104185.62 10244.12 102442.3 KUBEPROXY KUBEPROXY PODI VETH a r VETHE POD2 Ip 1 Ip BRIDGE TABLES ETHO ETHO TABLES BRIDGE MODEL 17231.43 91 NODEZ 172 3134.149 NETWORK PODSCOMEANDGO HOWDOES THECLUSTERKEEP TRACK SERVICES PROVIDESVIRTUALINTERFACE AUTOASSIGNED TO PODSBEHIND EXAMPLE INTERFACE CLUSTERIP SERVICE AUTOCREATED ON CLUSTERCREATION TAKESCAREOF INTERNALROUTING NOMATTERWHEREMOVES OTHER PODS KNOW HOWTO COMMUNICATE TO IT Service Networking
- 27. SERVICE TALKS 101 NODE LOAD BALANCER AT A TIME CANNOTSPLIT TRAFFICLIKE A LOADBALANCER REDIRECTTRAFFIC CLIENTS TALK TOALLNODESAND TO LB TO ACCESS PORTS APPLICATION ONLYACCESSIBLE DOESNOTHAVE INTERNALLY EXTERNALIP LOAD 7 EXTERNAL IPADDRESS BALANCER FOREVERYSERVICE MODEL NODEZ i PODI 31732 31732 POD2 r Iv v SERVICE APP EXAMPLE.COM APP1 SERVICE POD POD INGRESS APP EXAMPLE.COM APP2 SERVICE pop pop WEB EXAMPLE COM SERVICE polo POD ACCESS MULTIPLESERVICESWITHSINGLE IPADDRESS Ingress Rules and Load Balancers Ingress
- 28. EVERY SERVICE DEFINED IN THE CLUSTER IS ASSIGNEDA DNSNAME SERVICE NAMESPACE BASEDOMAINNAMENAME JENKINS DEFAULT SVC CLUSTER LOCAL 50 lo O I DEFAULT POD CLUSTER LOCAL PODIP NAMESPACE BASEDOMAIN NAME A PODS DNS SEARCH WILL INCLUDE THE PODS OWN NAMESPACE AND THE CLUSTERS DEFAULT DOMAIN Cluster DNS
- 30. I 9 WHY RULES ARE HOWEVER PLACEDBY CAN CREATE r DEFAULT OWN WORKERNODES SAMENODE HAVEDIFFERENTODISKS SAVECOSTS SCHEDULER I DOESTHENODEHAVEADEQUATEHARDWARE RESOURCES 2 ISTHENODERUNNINGOUTOF RESOURCES 3 DOESTHEPODREQUEST A SPECIFICNODE 4 DOESTHENODE HAVE A MATCHINGLABEL s IFPOD REQUEST A PORTIS IT AVAILABLE 6 IF PODREQUESTS AVOLUMECAN IT BE MOUNTED 7 DOESTHEPODTOLERATETHETAINTSOFTHE NODE 8 DOESTHEPODSPECIFY NODORPOD AFFINITY Configuring the Kubernetes Scheduler Scheduler responsible for assigning pod to node based on resource requirements of the pod
- 31. POD POD POD POD SCHEDULER1 SCHEDULER2 r NODES I 2 3 EXAMPLE TAINTS REPELWORK MASTERNODE NOSCHEDUAL TOLERATIONS ALLOWYOUTO EXAMPLE DAEMONSETPOD TOLERATE A KUBEPROXY MUSTRUNON ALL TAINT NODES CPU MEMORY PODMAY NOTBE SCHEDULER USINGALLREQUESTED RESOURCEAT AGIVEN POST 8STEPS TIME L s SCHEDULERLOOKS MOSTREQUESTED LEASTREQUESTED ATTHESUMOF PRIORITY PRIORITY RESOURCESREQUESTED r BYEXISTINGPODS CLOUDENVIRONMENTS WHY YOUAREPAYINGFOR ALLRESOURCES It is possible to have 2 schedulers working alongside each other. Running multiple schedulers for multiple Pods Scheduling pods with limits and label selectors
- 32. POD POD POD POD NODEI NODEZ NODE3 POD DAEMONSETPOD IF YOUTRY DELETE A DAEMONSET POD REPLICASETPOD POD IT WILLSIMPLY RECREATE IT SCHEDULER POD LEVEL LOGLEVEL PROBLEMS EVEN LEVEL DaemonSets ensure that a single replica of a pod is running on each node at all times Display Scheduler Events DaemonSets
- 34. HIGHLEVEL RESOURCE FOR DEPLOYMENTS DEPLOYINGAND UPDATING APPS REPLICASET REPLICASET POD POD POD POD POD AppV1 POD Appv2 DEPLOYMENT KUBECTLAPPLY MODIFY OBJECTS TO EXISTING YAML AND IF DEPLOYMENT NOT CREATED ALSO CREATE KUBECTLREPLACE REPLACES OLD WITHNEW ANDOBJECT MUST EXIST ROLLING UPDATE PREFERREDWAY SERVICENOTINTERRUPTED FASTESTWAY KUBECTL ROLLOUT ROLLBACKPREVIOUS VERSION Deploying an Application, Rolling Updates and Rollbacks
- 35. AVOIDING BAD BLOCKBADVERSION DECISIONS RELEASE MIN READY READINESSSECONDS PROBE HOWLINGA AND DETERMINES IFNEWLYCREATED ASPECIFICPODPODSHOULD BE READY BEFORE SHOULDRELIEVE CLIENTREQUESTCONSIDERED ORNOT AVAILABLE PODNOT DEPLOYMENTv1 MINREADY READINESS pop errors aRELEASED SECONDS PROBE ATSSECONDS v ROLLBACK MUSTRETURNSUCCESS VERSION 10 I CHECKEVERY PORT80 SECOND CONTAINER CONFIGMAP APPCONFIG PASSINGCONFIGURATION OPTIONS TOAPP a CONFIGMAP KEYA OLI IETCCONFIG VOLUMECONFIG v KEYB VOLZENVIRONMENTVARIABLES IETCCERTS n S SECRET STOREINCONFIGMAP VOLUMECERTS SECRETAPPSECRET CREATESECRETANDPASSTO EV POD CERT VOL 9 KEY VOL MULTIPLECONTAINERS JUSTUPDATE CANUSESAME NONEEDTO REBUILDIMAGE Configuring an App for HA and Scale
- 36. RECOMMENDED REPLICADEPLOYMENTS LOSING NODE SETS HASNO IMPACT MANAGES REPLICASETS ON APP PODS AREUNIQUE 9 POD DIES REPLACEDWITH SAMEHOSTNAME AND CONFIG STATEFULSETS HEADLESS SERVICE UNIQUEPODS VOLUME CLAIM r CERTAIN TRAFFIC TO GO TO EACH POD NEEDSOWNSTORAGE ASIT IS UNIQUE ReplicaSets ensure that identically configured pods are running at the desired replica count Creating a self-healing app
- 38. PODS ARE EPHEMERAL POD TERMINATED STORAGETERMINATED STORAGE MUST BE INDEPENDENT IF PODMOVES STORAGEFOLLOWS STORAGECLASSES PERSISTENT VOLUME PROVISIONING S RESOURCE IN CLUSTER STATIC DYNAMIC PVCMUST REQUEST CLUSTERADMIN A STORAGECLASS CREATES AND AVAILABLE FOR CONSUMPTION Persistent Volumes
- 39. VOLUME CAN ONLY BE MOUNTED USING ONE ACCESS MODE AT A TIME MOUNT CAPABILITY OF NODE NOT POD ACCESS MODES READWRITEONCE READWRITEMANY ONLY INODECAN MULTIPLE NODE MOUNT THEVOLUME CAN MOUNT FOR FORREADANDWRITE READ I WRITE READOFLYMANY MULTIPLE NODE CAN MOUNT VOLUME FOR READING Volume Access Modes By specifying an access mode with your PV, you allow the volume to be mounted to one or many nodes, as well as read by one or many
- 40. O pv STAYS WITH at PVC pv DEV a 0 ACTUAL STORAGE CLUSTER ADMIN POD PVC PV VOLUMES 1Gt RECLAIMPOLICY MOUNTPATH RWO RETAIN U BOUND RETAIN DATA IN VOLUME COULDALSOBE RECYCLEORDELETE DELETECONTENTS OF VOLUME DELETEUNDERLYING STORAGE Persistent Volume Claims (PVC) PVC allows the application developer to request storage for the application, without having to know underlying infrastructure.
- 41. STORAGE OBJECT PVCCANNOT BE IN USEPROTECTION REMOVEDPREMATURELY STILLBOUND inPVC s POD FINALIZERS PV y PVCPROTECTION 3 DELETEPOD n v I 1 GETS DELETED PVCDELETED PROVISIONER PARAMETERRECLAIMPOLICY STORAGE CLASS AWSEBS GPI RETAIN Storage Objects Volumes that are already in use by a pod are protected against data loss. This means even if you delete a PVC, you can still access the volume from the pod.
- 42. EXAMPLE STORAGECLASS PVC DEPLOYMENT METADATA STORAGECLASSNAME REPLICA 1 ROLLOUT FAST FAST IMAGE KUBESERVEv1 100Mt VOLUMEMOUNT lDATA READWRITEONCE VOLUME VOLUMEDATA PERSISTENTVOLUMECLAIM PV Applications with Persistent Storage Create storage class object1. Create PVC object2. Create deployment3. Rollout deployment4. Check pods5. Create file on mount6. List contents7.
- 44. API SERVER FIRSTEVALUATES v PRIVATE KEY SERVICE NORMALUSER USERSTORE IE JENKINS ACCOUNT FILE USERIPASS LIST v KUBECTLCREATESERVICEACCOUNTJENKINS ASSIGN10POD IF YOUDONOTUSESPECIFIC BYPUTTINGIN IT WILL USE DEFAULT PODMANIFEST L CREAAIESOUSNERYKE KUBECTLGETSA VBUSYBOXYAML v NAME BUSYBOX SECRET WILLSHOWDEFAULT 1JENKINS SPECv SERVICEACCOUNTNAME JENKINS HOLDSTHE ryAMLFORSERVICEACCOUNTPUBLIC A OF a APISERVERT KUBECTLGETSAJENKINS DYAML JWTTOKEN v JENKINSSERVER ADDSK8SCHPLUGINKUB.EC LGETSECRETtNAMLs SHOWSECRET NAME TOKEN NOWCAN THIS IS WHAT REQUEST CONTROLPODS WILL BE USED TO AUTH WITH API SERVER Service accounts and users
- 45. USER 0 ACCESSCLUSTERREMOTELY CREATECLUSTERROLEBINDING MASTER ADNAN SETCREDENTIALS KUBECTLCONFIG u SET CREDENTIALS CERT USERNAME ADNAN PASSWORD PASSWORD KUBECTLCONFIG SET CLUSTERKUBERNETES 2 SERVER_HTTP l l.l.la SETCLUSTER CERTIFICATE CERT 3 KUBECTL CONFIG c SET USER SET CREDENTIALS CONTEXT CAN BE USEDTO CONNECT TOMULTIPLECLUSTERS KUBECTLCONFIG SET CONTEXT KUBERNETES CLUSTER KUBERNETES USER NAMESPACE n 4 USECONTEXT KUBECTL GET NODES ASPER NORMAL 5 Service accounts and users
- 46. AUTHENTICATION AUTHORISATION WHATCAN FIRSTSTEPIN THEYDO RBACRULES RELIEVINGREQUEST v 4 RESOURCES WHO POD OR 2GROUPS WHOCAN HUMAN DO IT WHATCANBE u u PERFORMEDON ROLESAND ROLEBINDINGS WHICHRESOURCE CLUSTERROLES AND CLUSTERROLEBINDINGS ROLE ROLE ROLE BYNOLING ROLE BINDING ROLE BINDIFG NAMESPACE 1 NAMESPACE 2 NAMESPACES CLUSTER cluster KUBERNETES ROLE ROLE L CLUSTERBINDING ROLE REFERENCESINGLE CANBINDTO CREATE CREATE ROLE CREATE MULTIPLEUSER NAMESPACE ROLE ROLEBINDING SERVICEACCOUNTS ANDGROUPS LISTSERVICES WHAT FROMWEB ACTIONS NAMESPACE NOTWHO CLUSTERROLE POD CREATE CLUSTERROLE v CLUSTER BINDING CURLFROM ACCESS AT ROLE CONTAINER CLUSTER LEVEL VIEWPERSISTANT VOLUMES Cluster Authemtication and Authorisation
- 47. PORT3128 POD APPWEB POD APPDB PORT4269 HOW NETWORK CANAL CREATENETWORK CREATE PLUGIN PLUGIN POLICY DEPLOYMENT v u DENY ALLNET EXPOSE DEPLOYMENT KINDNETWORKPOLICY 9 NAMEDENYALL TRYACCESS TIMEOUT BLANKALLINHERIT PODSELECTOR 3 POLICYTYPEINGRESS CREATENETWORK LABEL POLICY PODS PODSELECTOR MATCHLABELS ALLOWCOMMSAPPDB BETWEENPODS INGRESS ANDSPECIFIED MATCHLABELS PORT APPWEB on PORT PORT4269 Network policies use selectors to copy rules to pods for communication throughout the cluster Configuring Network
- 48. API POD SERVER song IVARRUNSECRETS KUBERNETES.IOSERVICEACCOUNT CREATENEW CERTIFICATESIGNINGREQUEST CERT CSR c CERTIFICATE SIGNINGOBJECT KIND ERTIFICATESIGNINGREQUEST CREATE NAME CSRPODWEB REQUEST CATSERVER.GRBASE64TRD'IN VIEWCSR KUBECTLDESCRIBE CSR CSRPODWEB APPROVE CSR ISSUED Creating TLS certificates The CA is used to generate a TLS certificate and authenticate with the API server
- 49. DOCKERHUBPRIVATEREGISTRY POD N AWS CONTAINER 0 POD D AZURE RUNTIME POD E GCP POD CONTROLLING VULNERABILITIES CLAIR SCANNING IMAGES THAT GO INTO PRODUCTION SOMETHING ON IT CAUSE NODECRASH LOGIN TO PRIVATE REGISTRY TAG DOCKER IMAGE PUSH TO PRIVATE REGISTRY HOW I USE FOR IMAGE PULLS KUBERNETES DOCKER MODIFY CREATE REGISTRY TYPE SERVICE POD SECRET ACCOUNTS DOCKER SERVER v DOCKER USERNAME PRIVATEREGISTRY DOCKER PASSWORD IMAGE KUBECTIPATCH Secure Images
- 50. LIMITACCESS TOCERTAIN OBJECTS ATTHEPODAND CONTAINERLEVELTHISWILL ALLOWIMAGESTOREMAINSTABLE RUNASUSER POD FSGROUP N POD RUNASNONROOT CONTAINER 0 RUNTIME D POD PRIVILEGED E POD ADDSYS TIME KINDPOD IMAGEALPINE SECURITYCONTEXT RUNPODAS 405 RUNASUSER405 CANALSOPUT'RUNASROOT ABILITYTORUNAS PRIVILEGED PRIVILEGEDTRUE CONTAINER LEVEL ABILITY TO LOCK DOWN KERNEL SETTING ADD SECURITYCONTEXT LEVELFEATURES CAPABILITIES ADD ONCONTAINER ONPODLEVEL SYS TIME REMOVE NET ADMIN SECURITYCONTEXT DROP CHOWN Defining Security Context
- 51. DATA MUST LIVE BEYOND SECRETS KEY VALVE PAIR LIFEOFPOD v PASS AS ENVVAR NOTBEST OR PRACTICE EXPOSE AS FILES IN VOLUME MAYBE OUTPUTTO LOGFILES CONTAINER POD FILESYSTEM VARRUNSECRETS KUBERNETES.IO DEFAULT DEFAULTTOKENSECRET SERVICEACCOUNTS SECRET PACE TOKEN HTTPS TO WEBSITE GENERATE a KEY CERTIFICATE EFFET SECRET MOUPNoj.IN POD v COMBINED IN MEMORY FILE FILEST SYSTEM USE v SECRET SECRETNOT WRITTEN TO DISK Securing persistent key/value store Secrets allow you to expose entries as files in a volume keeping this data secure is crucial to cluster security
- 53. NODEMETRICS N POD CPUCCORETUTIL CONTAINER 0 MEMORY RUNTIME D E POD POD METRICS CPU MEMORY INSTALL KUBEC.TL OPNODEsCPUMEMORYFORALLTHENODES METRIC SERVER KUBECTLTOPPOD CPUMEMORY FORALLTHE PODS KUBECTLTOPPOD ALLNAMESPACE ALLNAMESPACE KUBEC.TL 0PP0D NkUBESYSTEM KUBE SYSTEMNAMESPACE KUBECTLTOPGROUP CONTEXT CONTAINERS POD CONTAINERS The metric server allows you to collect CPU and memory data from the nodes and pods in your cluster Monitoring the cluster components
- 54. USE KUBECTL APP LOGSTOCONTAINER STREAMED TO STDOUTS LOGS AND SYSTEM UNDERSTANDWHAT ISHAPPENINGINSIDECLUSTER LOGS DEBUGGING LOGS ACCUMULATE OVER TIME IF MANY MICROSERVICE WHICHLOGS ARE WHICH V LOGDIRECTORY VAR LOG CONTAINERS ACCUMULATES LOGS POD POD LOGGINGAGENT APPCONTAINER v v LOG LOG LOGGING AGENT CONTAINER CONTAINER I 2 LOGFILE LOG HAVESIDECARCONTAINERTO DO LOGGINGSOYOUCAN ACCESS SPECIFIC LOGS ABLETO ROTATE LOGSUSINGOTHERTOOLING NO NATIVE Managing cluster component logs
- 56. PODIYAML KINDPOD ABILITYTOWRITE NAMEP0D1 TERMINATION IMAGEBUSYBOX MESSAGE 10SPECIFIC COMMAND y KUBECTL FILEONCONTAINER DESCRIBE TERMINATION v MESSAGEPATH WILLSHOW ERRORMESSAGE ONLY PARTICULAR FIELDSCAN BECHANGED 1 E IMAGE TO CHANGEOTHERFIELDSOF FAILED POD EXPORTCONFIGURATION I MODIFY'AMLI E CHANGE MEMORYREQUEST DISCOVERYERRr APPCOMMERR IMAGEPULLERR APPLICATION FAILURE CRASHLOOPBACKOFFERR FAILEDMOUNTERR PENDING RBACERR Troubleshooting Application Failure
- 57. KUBERNETES API SERVERDOWN SOFTWARE CONTROL FAULT PLANE LOSE STORAGE ATTACHED TO CONTROL PLANE KUBELETSERVICE CRASH v INDEPENDENT ETCD COULD CRASH VIEWTHEEVENTSFROMCONTROLPLANECOMPONENTS CHECKSTATUSOFKUBELET SERVICE VIEWLOGSFORCONTROL PLANE PODS DISABLESWAP CHECKSTATUS OF DOCKER SERVICE CHECKFIREWALLDSERVICE VIEWKUBELET VIEW KUBECONFIGVIEWSYSLOG JOURNAL LOGS EVENTS a GENERATENEWTOKEN WORKER VIEWSTATUS TROUBLESHOOTING GET DETAILED INFO PINGNODE IPADDRESS SHINTONODE OFNODE ACCESSPODSDIRECTLY LOOKUPSERVICEVIADNS r a CHECKIPTABLERULES NETWORK DNSRESONE CONF ENDPOINTSOF v SERVICE v KUBERNETES CNIPLUGIN SERVICE Troubleshoot failures
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