3. Monocot Leaf
The term “monocot” refers to the flowering plants that contain
only one cotyledon.
Monocot leaves are called Isobilateral leaves because both their
sides i.e., dorsal and ventral sides are more or less similar.
4. • Monocot plants have leaves that are characteristically longer
and slender(mostly linear)
5. The leaves are usually ribbon like with parallel venation.
When the veins are arranged parallel to one another all over the
lamina, it is known as parallel venation.
6. Epidermis is single layered.
The epidermal cells are highly silicified (heavy deposition
of silica).
Upper epidermis is covered with cuticle and bulliform
cells are present along with it.
Stomata present in upper and lower epidermis.
7. Monocot leaves are amphistomatic – which means the stomata
are present on lower as well as the upper surface
Stomata are arranged in parralel rows in the epidermis.
9. Bulliform cells are present in the upper epidermis.
This is characteristic of plants (monocotyledonous)
growing under dry conditions.
These motor cells help the leaf to roll due to the changes in
their turgidity, thereby reducing the stomatal transpiration,
under xeric conditions
10. No differentiation. Both sides have the same colour.
Monocot leaves have comparatively tighter intracellular space
due to the compact arrangement of mesophyll cells
11. The tissue of monocot leaf consists of only one kind of cells that
are small oval or spherical or irregular shaped spongy parenchyma
cells with chloroplasts and chlorophyll.
No differentiation
Intercellular spaces are absent or fewer in no. but few air cavities
are present.
12. Vascular bundles in monocot leaf are described as conjoint,
collateral, and closed with endarch xylem.
•SIZE- Small as well as large vascular bundles are present.
13. Single or multi layered
It usually posseses chloroplasts.
Bundle sheath extension is sclerenchymatous
Lower potion of midrib is sclerenchymatous
15. Epidermis. 1. Leaf is bounded by lower and upper epidermal layers. Both layers are thickly
cuticularised.
2. Stomata are present in both epidermal layers.
3. A few large, empty and colorless bulliform (or motor) cells occur in upper epidermis.
Mesophyll. 1. It is not differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma. It occurs between
upper and lower epidermis.
2. The cells are isodiametric and contain numerous chloroplasts. These are compactly arranged
and leave only a few intercellular spaces.
Vascular tissue. 1. There are numerous vascular bundles of variable sizes arranged in a parallel
series. Each bundle is collateral and closed. There is a distinct parenchymatous bundle sheath.
The cells of the sheath possess plastids and starch grains (this layer, thus serves as a temporary
storage tissue and also transports the products of photosynthesis to the phloem).
2. A patch of sclerenchyma each is present above and below the larger vascular bundles and
extends up to the upper and lower epidermal layers respectively.
3. Larger bundles have distinct and more amount of xylem and phloem than the smaller
ones.
4. Bundles possess xylem on their. upper side (toward upper epidermis) and phloem on its lower
side (toward lower epidermis).
16. DICOT LEAF
The term “dicot” refers to the flowering plants that contains two
cotyledon.
Dicot leaves are called dorsiventral leaves because they posses
distinct dorsal and ventral side.
17. Dicot plants have leaves that are relatively smaller and broader
than monocot plants and can be of different shapes.
18. Dicot leaves usually have reticulate venation When the veins
are arranged in either web-like or network-like all over the
lamina, it is known as reticulate venation,(Exception-
Mangifera).
19. Epidermis is single layered.
The epidermal cells are not silicified (silica deposition
absent).
Upper epidermis is covered with thick cuticle and
bulliform cells are absent while in the lower epidermis
cuticle is thin layered.
Stomata present in lower epidermis only.
20. Dicot leaves are hypostomatic – which means stomata are present on
the lower surface of the leaf
Stomata are arranged randomly on the epidermis.
22. • Dicots leaves have a dark green upper surface and a light green
lower surface
Due to the presence of mesophyll cells, dicot leaves have large
intercellular spaces
23. Mesophyll is a ground tissue present in between upper epidermis
and lower epidermis. It consists of two tissues- Palisade parenchyma
and Spongy parenchyma.
Palisade parenchyma is present just below the upper epidermis.
This tissue is present in one or two layers. The cells of palisade
parenchyma are very much elongated and columnar in nature. The
cells are closely packed in each layer with narrow inter cellular
spaces in between them. The cells of this layer internally include
more number of chloroplasts in them. As chloroplasts are more in
number in these layer, chlorophyll pigment present also will be
more. Due this only, the upper surface of a dicot leaf will be more
green in nature when compared to the lower surface.
24. In between the palisade parenmchyma and lower epidermis, spongy
parenchyma is present. The cells of spongy parenchyma are small in
size and irregular in shape. The cells of spongy parenchyma are
loosely arranged with lot of large intercellular spaces in between
them. The cells of spongy parenchyma are with less number of
chloroplasts and less quantity of chlorophyll. Due to this only, the
lower surface of a dicot leaf will be less green in color when
compared to upper surface
25. Vascular bundles in dicots are described as conjoint, collateral,
and closed with endarch xylem.
•SIZE-Large vascular bundles are present.
26. Single layered
It usually lacks chloroplasts.
Bundle sheath extension is parenchymatous
Lower potion of midrib is collenchymatous.
28. Epidermis. 1. Lower and upper epidermis are single layered.
2. The cells are barrel-shaped and compactly arranged.
3. Upper epidermis has a thick cuticle and lacks stomata.
4. Lower epidermis has thin cuticle and stomata are present.
Mesophyll. 1. It is differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma.
2. Palisade occurs below upper epidermis in two layers, with parenchyma near the larger vascular
bundle. The cells are compactly arranged, long and tubular and chloroplasts are present.
3. Spongy parenchyma forms rest of the tissue. The cells are small, varied in shapes and sizes,
loosely arranged and enclose small air spaces.
4. A few air spaces lead to the stomatal openings which form sub-stomatal cavity. Numerous
chloroplasts are present near the walls.
Vascular tissue. 1. It consists of one large vascular bundle in the midril and numerous small
vascular bundles in the wings.
2. Each bundle is conjoint, collateral and closed and surrounded by a parenchymatous
bundle sheath. Larger vascular bundle has an extensive bundle sheath that ext;ends both toward
lower and upper epidermis.
3. Metaxylem is situated toward the lower epidermis and protoxylem toward the
upper epidermis.
4. Phloem of the vascular bundle is directed toward lower epidermis ..
