Inheritance allows classes to reuse and extend existing classes without modifying them, creating a hierarchical relationship. There are several types of inheritance including single, multilevel, multiple, and hybrid. The visibility of members can be private, protected, or public depending on the inheritance relationship. Making a common base class as virtual avoids duplicate members when inherited through multiple paths.

1. Inheritance

7. Hybrid Inheritance Class A {…}; Class B : public A {…}; Class C : public B {…}; Class D : public C {…}; A B C D

9. V irtual B ase C lass A B C D Here, D will have duplicate sets of members inherited from A I.e, via B and C Duplicate ambiguity can be avoided by making The common base class as virtual class

10. Class A {-----}; Class B : virtual public A {------}; Class C : public virtual A {------}; Class D : public B, public C {------}; When a class is made virtual base class, C++ takes necessary care to see that only one copy of that class is inherited, regardless of how many inheritance paths exist between the virtual base class and a derived class.

11. Thank you