1. Done by Guided by
G.ADAM SMITH P.VELUMANI. M.tech.,
M.TECH 2ND YEAR ASSISTANT
PROFESSOR
Department of Civil Engineering
KALASALINGAM
UNIVERSITY
A Dedicated Freight Corridor for the
Tuticorin Port Under PPP
2. objective
To align a shortest railway line there by minimize the operating
cost, by shorten the travelling distance & time.
To provide the Rail transport facilities to the rural areas, thus
boosting up a the economic growth in that areas.
To minimize the overall project cost by aligning the rail route
via plain terrain and through government lands. (avoiding
agricultural land and private land)
To boost up the Tuticorin harbour’s import and export business
via providing a very effective and quick shipment of goods via
wagons through this newly proposed dedicated freight rail route .
To execute the project under the private firms investment
through a modified PPP models.
3. INTRODUCTION
The Indian Railways operates the world’s second
largest rail network under a single management.
The Railways have been described as the ‘lifeline of
the nation’, operating approximately 12,000 trains a
day (of which 11,000 are passenger trains. While it
carries 23 million passengers a day, there are still
large numbers of people who have not set a foot on a
train yet.
It carries over one-billion tonnes of freight a year,
connecting ports and mines to industrial clusters, but
still there are vast tracts of hinterland waiting for rail
connectivity.
Though freight business has grown steadily over the
years, Indian Railways carry only 31% of the total
freight carried in the country by all modes due to lack
of dedicated freight corridor.
4. WHAT IS PPP:
Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) are an innovative
way of delivering modern, high quality public services.
PPP Project means a long term project, based on a
contract or agreement, between the Government on
one side and a private sector company on the other
side, for delivering an public infrastructure service on
payment of user charges.
Risk sharing is one of the most important features of a
PPP.
Private sector – Managing commercial risks and
responsibilities like Construction, Operation and
Financing risks.
Government sector – Managing political Risk, land
Acquisition and other localized problems.
5. Need of “PPP” in Railways:
Presenting the Railway Budget in Parliament on 08-July-2014
13:14 IST, THE MINISTER OF RAILWAYS, SHRI D. V.
SADANANDA GOWDA said
With a large backlog of sanctioned projects, funding continues to
be the biggest challenge for Indian Railways. Passenger fares
were kept lower than costs, thus causing loss in the passenger
train operations. This loss kept on increasing from 10 paise per
passenger per kilometre in 2000-2001 to 23 paise in 2012-2013,
as the passenger fares were kept low always.
There has been focus on sanctioning projects rather than
completing them.
In the last 30 years, as many as 676 projects were sanctioned
worth Rs.1,57,883 crore. Of these, only 317 projects could
be completed and 359 projects remain to be completed which
will alone now require as much as Rs. 1, 82,000 crore. In the last
10 years, 99 New Line projects worth Rs. 60,000 crore were
sanctioned out of which only one project is complete till date.. So
in this situation there will not be sufficient funds for carrying out
even minor projects.
6. Private investment expected in the IR:
“Zonal Railways will be
suitably empowered to
finalize and execute
projects “by them self’s
through “PPP”.
Indian Railways Ministry
has Identified “Public
Private Partnership”
(PPP) investment in the
12th and 13th Five Year
Plan in a number of
areas, which include the
following mentioned
Projects in the Table 1,
which having potential
to attract private
investment.
7. Types of project delivery methods for Public-
Private Partnership in Railways:
There are many modes of project delivery
methods under “PPP”. But the Railway
infrastructure projects are entirely different from
the other government infrastructure projects like
highway or hydro-power projects. Many risks
factors are to be carried by the private firms. So a
modified project delivery methods are needed
for attracting the private investments in the
railway project.
Three main PPP modes in the project delivery
methods are :
B-O-T
L-O-T
8. B-O-T:Built -Operate-Transfer
Under the BOT option, the private sector builds a
facility to the specifications agreed by the public
sector, operates the facility for a specified time
period under a contract with the public agency,
and then transfers the facility to the public sector
at the end of the specified period of time.
In most cases, the private sector will also provide
some, or all, of the financing for the facility.
The public sector will either pay a rent for using
the facility or allow it to collect revenue from the
users.
Examples: The national highway projects
contracted out by NHAI.
9. L-O-T:Lease-Operate-Transfer
Under this type of PPPs, a facility which already
exists and is under operation, is given out for
lease to the private sector for efficient operation,
subject to the terms and conditions decided by
the public sector. The contract will be for a given
for the sufficiently long period and the facility will
be transferred back to the government at the end
of the contract period.
Example: Leasing a school building or a hospital
to the private sector along with the staff and all
facilities, subject to pre-determined conditions
could come under this category.
10. B-O-O:Built-Own-Operate
This is a variation of the BOT model, except that
the ownership of the newly built facility will rest
with the private sector during the period of
contract. This will result in the transfer of most of
the risks related to planning, design, construction
and operation of the project to the private sector.
The public sector will however contract to
‘purchase’ the goods and services produced by
the project on mutually agreed terms and
conditions.
Example : power generation facility .
11. Modified PPP model :B-O-L-T
B-O-L-T: Built-Operate-Lease-Transfer
In this mode of PPP, public sector client gives contract
to a private sector (developer) to build a facility and
possibly design it as per the regulations specified in
the contract document, own the facility and lease the
facility to another private sector (Tenant), then at the
end of the lease period transfer the ownership of the
facility to the public sector client.
The Tenant of the facility, paying the developer a
lease (monthly or annually) for the use of the facility at
a predetermined rate for a fixed period of time. The
lease payment becomes the method of repaying the
investment. At the end of the lease period, ownership
and the responsibility for the facility are transferred to
the public sector client from the developer .
13. Need of the proposed new Railway
Alignment: passenger train traffic
There exists a 159kms B.G
line between Madurai to
Tuticorin via Virudhunagar-
Sattur-Kovilpatti-
Maniyachchi Junction. This
B.G railway line is one of
the busiest Routes in the
southern - East region of
Madurai Railway division.
The existing Railway line is
used by many Passenger
Trains and Freight trains .
There will not be enough
space for operating the
freight trains more
15. Need of the proposed new Railway
Alignment: Tuticorin port cargo traffic
The Tuticorin Port is the one of the
country's 12 major ports. Tuticorin Port's
inherent strength has been its
Productivity, Efficiency and Cheaper cost
of handling.
The bulk cargo handled in the port
included Thermal coal, Industrial coal,
Fertiliser and Fertiliser raw materials,
copper concentrate, limestone, etc. The
percentage of bulk cargo to total cargo
was about 61.07 per cent during 2009-
2010.
The percentage of containerised traffic to
total traffic handled improved from 12.78
per cent in 2000-2001 to 27.74 per cent in
2009-2010. Of late, there has been
increased thrust on containerisation
wherein Break-Bulk Cargo and Bulk
Cargo amenable for containerisation in
view of the obvious advantages of moving
cargo through containers by Road and
Rail.
This containerization of goods will boost
up the freight container traffic through
railway and roadways.
16. Prime reasons for the need for the new
railway alignment:
A steady increase in the import and
export of containerized goods from the
Tuticorin port needs a immediate
effective shipment of goods through
freight trains.
An estimated demand of coal for the
proposed thermal power plants being
constructed around the north Tuticorin
regions need a very effective means of
coal transport from the port to the point
of demand.
Since, peace returning in between Sri
Lanka and India, the new Central
government has a ambitious proposal
to operate a ferryboat service between
Tuticorin and Colombo, which may
become a huge hit with the tourists. ,
so there is a demand for fast trains to
connect the major urban centres with
Tuticorin city and the harbour.
The port cargo traffic would be
increasingly handled by Railways
within 3-4 days from hinterland as far
away as Nagpur, if a dedicated freight
corridor is built.
The dedicated freight corridors like
Tuticorin-Coimbatore-Tirupur and
Tuticorin-Erode-Nagpur are a long
way dream of the Tuticorin port. If
this dedicated freight corridor
proposal is taken up and completed
quickly, then this will act as a
backbone for South India, since this
brings out a very effective mode of
freight movement all around the
south India to the Tuticorin port.
The proposed alignment from
Madurai to Tuticorin, will serve as a
part of the dedicated freight corridor
of Tuticorin-Coimbatore-Tirupur and
Tuticorin-Erode-Nagpur
17. Proposed alignment 1:
MADURAI TO TUTICORIN (Milavittan) via
PARAMBUPATTI – ARUPPUKOTTAI-
VILATTIKULAM
Outline of the alignment:
1. The Alignment of Railway line from Madurai to
Tuticorin (Milavittan) via Parambupatti-
Aruppukottai-Vilattikulam covers the Districts of
Madurai, Virudhunagar and Tuticorin.
2. The total length of the railway line proposed in this
alignment I is 136km’s and it’s divided into three
sections.
19. Proposed stations in this alignment – I :
Junctions-Aruppukottai, Milavittan, Thiruparangundram.
Stations-Madurai airport station (Parambupatti), Aviyur, Kariyapatti,
Kalkurichchi, Pandalgudi, Pudur, Nagalapuram, Vilattikulam, Kulattur,
Melmaruthur
The proposed stations which coming under Madurai District are
PARAMBUPATTI.
The proposed stations which coming under Virudhunagar District are
AVIYUR.
KARIYAPATTI.
KALKURICHCHI.
PANDALGUDI.
The proposed stations which coming under Tuticorin District are
PUDUR.
NAGALAPURAM.
VILATTIKULAM.
KULATTUR.
MELMARUTHUR.
21. (Railway Gate) in the
alignment
The proposed railway line crosses the roadways
in some location, which can't be avoided. So in
that location, level crossing (railway gate) is
employed for controlling the traffic flow in the
road, when train cross that crossing. So in total
there will be 56 numbers of level
crossings,(Railway gate) along the alignment –I.
23. In this alignment it's proposed to have 210
bridges. It's roughly estimated that there will be
30 bridges for every 20kms.
Out of 210 bridges, there are 196 are minor
bridges and 14 bridges are major bridges.
Out of 14 major bridges, 13 bridges are RUB-
railway under bridge and 1 bridge coming under
ROB-railway above bridge.
Proposed bridges in this
Alignment -I:
25. Details of the proposed station and its locations
STATION 1 - PARAMBUPATTI:
Parambupatti station (Madurai airport station) is the first
station in this proposed alignment.
Geo Coordinates of the station: 9.83361°N and
78.08944°E
The airport station is located about 12 km from the
Madurai railway station (junction).
This station is proposed in this alignment for giving facility
of rail service to Madurai Airport.
The freight service or air cargo through airways can be
effectively done when the airport is connected by railways.
The Parambupatti station location is proposed within a
distance of 1.5 kms from the Madurai airport.
This location of the railway station is proposed, with
consideration of future airport expansion.
26. Details of the proposed station and its locations
STATION 2 - AVIYUR:
This is the second proposed railway station next to
PARAMBUPATTI station.
AVIYUR is a village panchayat located in the Virudhunagar
district of Tamil-Nadu state, India.
The geo coordinate of the proposed Aviyur station are
9.741098°N and 78.09611°S.
Elevation / Altitude: 109 meters. Above Sea level.
Pin Code: 626106.
There is no railway station near to Aviyur in less than 10 km.
However Madurai junction Rail Way Station is major railway
station 22 KM near to Aviyur.
Nearby Railway Stations from the Aviyur
Sivarakottai- 14 KM
Kalligudi- 16 KM
Tirumangalam- 16 KM
Thiruparangundram- 17 KM
27. Details of the proposed station and its locations
STATION 3- KARIYAPATTI:
This is the third proposed railway station next to
Aviyur.
Kariyapatti is a panchayat town near Aruppukottai
in Virudhunagar district in the Tamilnadu state,
India.
STATION 4 - KALKURICHCHI:
This is the fourth proposed railway station next to
Kariyapatti.
Kalkurichchi is one of a village in Virudhunagar
district which is surrounded by Aruppukottai,
Virudhunagar, and Manamadurai.
Geo Coordinates of the station is : 9.3613 N and
28. Details of the proposed station and its locations
STATION 5 - PANDALKUDI:
This is the fifth proposed railway station next to
Kalkurichchi.
Pandalgudi is a small Village in Aruppukottai Taluk in
Virudhunagar District of Tamil Nadu State, India. It
comes under Pandalgudi Panchayat. It is located 23
KM towards East from District head quarters
Virudhunagar.
Pandalgudi Pin code is 626113.
Pandalgudi is surrounded by Tiruchuli Taluk towards
East, Virudhunagar Taluk towards west, Kariyapatti
Taluk towards North, Pudur Taluk towards South.
Aruppukottai, Virudhunagar, Sattur, Pallapatti are the
nearby towns to Pandalgudi.
Aruppukottai Rail Way Station is the very nearby
railway stations to Pandalgudi. However Sivakasi Rail
Way Station is major railway station 38 KM near to
Pandalgudi.
29. Details of the proposed station and its locations
STATION 6 - PUDUR:
This is the sixth proposed railway station next to
Pandalgudi.
Pudur lies on the Aruppukottai - Vilattikulam main
road and hence served by frequent bus services.
The major Towns situated nearby Pudur are
Vilattikulam (19 km), Aruppukottai (22 km), Sattur
(28 km), Kovilpatti (45 km).
Pudur serves as town for the nearby villages and
fulfils the needs of the people such as Education,
Medical and Agricultural Business. Economy of
this town is fully dependent on agriculture and
agriculture-based activities.
Pin code of the area is 628905.
The geo coordinates of the place is 9.29 N and
30. Details of the proposed station and its locations
STATION 7 - NAGALAPURAM:
This is the seventh proposed station next to Pudur.
Nagalapuram is a Village in Pudur Taluk in Tuticorin
District of Tamil Nadu State, India.
Elevation / Altitude: 65 meters. Above Sea level.
It is located 55 KM towards North from District head
quarters Tuticorin and 8 KM from Pudur.
Near By Railway Stations:
Sattur Rail Way Station -30 KM near.
Kovilpatti Rail Way Station 32 km near.
Aruppukottai Rail Way Station -36 km.
Tulukapati Rail Way Station 39 km near.
31. Details of the proposed station and its locations
STATION 8 – VILATTIKULAM:
This is the eighth proposed station next to
Nagalapuram.
Vilattikulam is a Selection grade panchayat town in
Tuticorin district in the Tamilnadu state.
Vilattikulam is located on the northern bank of the
Vaipar River, which has water flowing only 15 to 25
days per year.
Vilattikulam is located in an average elevation of 31 m
(102 ft).
Geo Coordinates of this place is 9.17°N 78.17°E
Distances from nearby towns: Kovilpatti: 35 km.
Tuticorin: 45 km. Aruppukottai: 50 km. Madurai: 100
km. Thirunelveli: 93 km.
32. Details of the proposed station and its locations
Station 9 – KULATTUR:
This is the ninth proposed station next to Vilattikulam.
Kulattur by Rail There is no railway station near to
Kulattur in less than 10 km However Tuticorin Rail
Way Station is major railway station 26 KM near to
Kulattur.
The Kulattur is situated at an Elevation / Altitude: 90
meters. Above Sea level.
The Pin Code of this region is 628903.
Nearby Railway Stations:
TutiMelur- 27 km.
Tuticorin- 27 km.
Milavittan- 29 km.
Tattapparai- 32 km.
33. Details of the proposed station and its locations
STATION 10 – MELMARUTHUR:
This is the tenth proposed station next to Kulattur.
The geo position of this location is 8.5456 N
78.817 E.
The melmaruthur is surrounded by no. of running
thermal power plants.
34. Proposed Alignment –II
MADURAI TO TUTICORIN (Milavittan) via ARUPPUKOTTAI,
VILATTIKULAM
Outline of the Alignment –II:
The Alignment of Railway line from Madurai to Tuticorin
(Milavittan) via Aruppukottai-Vilattikulam covers the
Districts of Virudhunagar and Tuticorin.
The Total length of the railway line proposed in this
alignment is 87 kms. The new broad gauge line between
Madurai and Tuticorin, via Virudhunagar- Aruppukottai,
there exist broad gauge line up to Aruppukottai. (64KMs).
This railway alignment is divided into two sections for our
convenience.
Section 1- Aruppukottai to Vilattikulam -46.0 km
Section 2- Vilattikulam to Milavittan -41km.
35. Outline of the existing alignment -
II
Existing stations in this alignment:
1. Junctions - nil.
2. Stations-Aruppukottai, Milavittan.
3. Terminal-Tuticorin harbour station.
Proposed stations in this alignment:
1. Junctions- Aruppukottai, Milavittan.
2. Stations- Pandalgudi, Pudur, Nagalapuram,
Vilattikulam, Kulattur, Melmaruthur.
36. Proposed level crossings (Railway
Gate):
The proposed railway
line crosses the
roadways in some
location, which can't
be avoided. So in that
location, level
crossing (railway
gate) is employed for
controlling the traffic
flow in the road, when
train cross that
crossing. So in total
there will be 36
numbers of level
crossings. (Railway
38. proposed bridges in this
alignment
1. In this alignment it's
proposed to have 130
bridges. It‟s roughly
estimated that there will
be 30 bridges for every
20kms.
2. Out of 130 bridges,
there will be 121 minor
bridges and 9 major
bridges.
3. Out of 9 major bridges,
8 bridges are RUB-
railway under bridge
and 1 bridge coming
under ROB-railway
above bridge.
40. :
Rough estimation
Gross cost of construction of new railway line in crore:
Civil -10crore per kilometre of new railway line.
including the cost for construction of 15 minor bridges
per 10 kilometres.
Electrification and signal installation of new Railway
line – 1crore for each kilometre
Rough estimation for alignment I:
The proposed total length of the alignment is 136km.
The estimated cost for the civil work in construction of
new railway line and bridges is calculated as 1224
crore.
The estimated cost for the electrification and signal
installation work in the proposed alignment - I is
calculated as 136 crore.
So in total the project estimation of construction of the
alignment I is 1360 crore.
41. Rough estimation
Rough estimation for alignment II:
The proposed total length of the alignment is 87
km. The estimated cost for the civil work in
construction of new railway line and bridges is
calculated as 783 crore.
The estimated cost for the electrification and
signal installation work in the proposed alignment
- I is calculated as 87 crore.
So in total the project estimation of construction
of the alignment II is 870 crore.
42. conclusion
From the above work it's concluded that the
alignment - II seems to be economically feasible
for now. On implementing this alignment II, it will
serve as an effective freight rail network for the
southern railways and for the Tuticorin port.
And this rail alignment is aligned parallel with the
thermal power plants which are under
implementation.
This proposed alignment will be like a catalyst for
proposing the dedicated freight corridor like
Tuticorin-Coimbatore-Tirupur and Tuticorin-Erode-
Nagpur in the years to come….
BOLT is best suitable for this projects as risks
are shared by both the parties (private and public)
and also the public sector does not have to
