PPT on Household usage of plastic

1. Let’s Discuss
Plastic

2. PLASTIC
The word plastic was derived from the words Plasticus (Latin for
'capable of moulding') and Plastikos (Greek for 'fit for moulding').
 Plastics are organic polymers (synthetic or natural) of high
molecular weight.
The plastic is basically formless material which can be moulded
under heat and pressure.
Plastic is a long, chain like molecules(polymers) made from
petroleum capable being molded, extruded or cast into various
shapes.
The first plastic was invented in 1862 by Alexander Parkes . At
first plastics could only be made in brown or black (Bakelite) color.
In 1930's, 'Amino Plastics' had been invented which could be
made in lots of bright colours.

3. ORIGIN OF PLASTIC
PETROLEUM CELLULOSECOAL
PLASTIC
Non- Renewable
Natural Resource
Non- Renewable
Natural Resource
Renewable
Natural
Resource

4. COMPOSITION OF PLASTIC
Most plastics contain organic
polymers. The vast majority of these
polymers are based on chains of
carbon atoms alone or with oxygen,
sulfur, or nitrogen as well.
Most plastics contain Additives (0
to 50%). The average content of
additives is 20% by weight of the
polymer.
 Fillers are used to improve
performance and to reduce costs.
Stabilizers like fire retardants are
used to lower the flammability of the
material.

5. Properties of Plastic
 Plastics are strong, light weight, flexible and durable.
 Plastics show superior optical properties( clarity, gloss and
color).
 Plastics can be easily moulded into a variety of shapes and
sizes.
 Plastics have excellent mechanical strength (tensile
properties, tear resistance and impact resistance).
 Plastics are relatively cheap compared to tin, glass and
steel.
 Plastics are reusable and recyclable.
 Plastics have long use life.

6. Families of Plastics
There are more than 50 families of
plastics
•Polyethylene (PE)
•Poly vinyl chloride(PVC)
•Polystyrene (PS)
•Polypropylene (PP)
•Polyurethane (PU)
•Polycarbonates Polyester (PES)
•Polyamides (PA)(Nylons)
•Poly tetra fluoro ethylene(PTEE) (Teflon)
•Melamine formaldehyde(MF)
•Urea formaldehyde (UF)

7. Plastic Rule The World
 Plastic is a part of our lives.
 People use plastics in a
variety of ways ranging
from household appliances
to industrial and
commercial products.
 The production of plastics
is growing about 9%
annually.
 According to an estimate
about 100million tonnes of
plastics is produced every
year all over the world.

8. Types of Plastic Products
 PLASTIC BAGS
 PLASTIC COATINGS
 PLASTIC FURNITURE
 PLASTIC SHEETS
 PLASTIC FITTINGS
 PLASTIC TANKS
 PLASTIC TOYS
 PLASTIC BUCKETS
 PLASTIC SANITARYWARE
 PLASTIC STATIONERY

9. Household
usage of Plastic

10. POLYURETHANE (PU)
 Polyurethanes are formed by the polymerization of
isocyanates (ester) and diols (dihydric alcohols).
 Depending on the production method, this plastic
group can display very different properties.
 PU is often produced in the form of foam. Soft foam
that retains its shape is particularly suitable for
upholstered furniture; hard foam is used in the
building industry.
 This plastic can also be used in the manufacture of
paints, adhesives, or elastic textile fibers. However, it
is difficult to recycle and if burned releases
poisonous substances (isocyanates, hydrocyanic
acid).
 Uses: Mattresses, car seats, kitchen sponges, thermal
insulation, rust protection in the automotive
industry, coatings for furniture and floors, textiles
(elastane).

11. Polycarbonate (PC)
 Polycarbonates also belong to the group of
polymers and are typically produced from
phosgene and bisphenol A.
 Polycarbonates is an important plastic due to its
specific properties, but as it is relatively
expensive, it is only used when required and is
not among the mass plastics.
 Polycarbonate is colorless and translucent. While
it has relatively low chemical resistance, it is
highly impact resistant and shatterproof.
 It is thus ideal for use in the field of optics and for
safety glazing. However, because it contains the
substance bisphenol A, this plastic can be
harmful to one’s health.
 Uses: CDs and DVDs, automotive industry,
electronics, eyeglass lenses, safety helmets.

12. POLYSTYRENE (PS)
 Polystyrene is produced from the colorless
liquid styrene. In a foamed form, this plastic is
known under the trade name Styrofoam.
 PS has a glass-like, shiny surface. It is hard and
brittle, which can lead to the formation of
tension cracks.
 As a foam, the material is primarily used as
thermal insulation. PS is problematic due to
carcinogenic substances, mainly in production
and processing. It Is also difficult to recycle.
 Uses: CD jewel cases, electric cable insulation,
casings for electrical appliances, yoghurt
containers, packaging foils, thermal insulation,
insulating packaging material.

13. Polyethylene (PE)
 Polyethylene is produced through the
polymerization of the gaseous substance
ethylene (ethane).
 The density of the material can be
influenced by means of different
synthesizing processes, creating the
following three types: HDPE (High-density
PE), LLDPE (Linear low-density PE), and
LDPE (Low-density PE).
 In general, PE is a rather soft plastic that
has a high level of stability to chemicals.
As PE hardly absorbs water and is of low
density, in water it floats on the surface.
 Uses:HDPE: Beverage crates, barrels,
bottles and vials, buckets, bowls
LDPE, LLDPE: Wrapping foils, plastic bags,
cable coverings, tubes.

14. Polypropylene (PP)
Polypropylene—also known as polypropene—
is a thermoplastic derived from the gas
propene. This plastic is often processed into
fibers.
PP is the mass plastic with the lowest density,
and in water it also floats on the surface. Its
stability and resistance to chemicals is similar to
that of LDPE, but PP can be used at higher
temperatures.
Since PP is odorless and does not irritate the
skin, it is widely used in the food and
pharmaceutical industries.
Uses: Food packaging, electrical household
appliances, automotive parts, construction,
garden furniture, artificial lawns, suitcase shells,
medical appliances, plastic bags.

15. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
 Polyvinyl chloride is produced from the
gas chloroethene, known as vinyl
chloride. With the addition of
plasticizers, this rather stiff plastic
becomes elastic. The phthalates used as
plasticizers in PVC can comprise up to 70
percent of the material.
 PVC is a very robust, insulating plastic
with high fire-resistance, making it an
ideal material for the building industry, in
particular for pipes and window profiles.
 Uses: Flooring, drainage pipes, window
profiles, seals, tubes, records, baby
products, swim rings.

16. Polyethylene Terepthalate (PET)
 Polyethylene terephthalate is a poly condensate
from the family of polymers made from terephthalic
acid and ethylene glycol.
 In its amorphous state, PET is a transparent,
lightweight, and impact-resistant material that is
mainly used to make bottles for soft drinks and
water.
 PET is also processed into textile fibers (microplastic
particles); it retains its shape, is crease and tear-
resistant, and repels water.
 PET has a relatively good recycling balance sheet.
However, the fact that PET bottles release
acetaldehyde and antimony into the liquid they
contain is problematic. In spite of this, the values
measured are not considered to be hazardous to
one’s health.
 Uses: Bottles, packaging for food and cosmetics,
household appliances, mechanical engineering,
safety belts, medical implants.

17. Additives
in Plastic

18. Additives
 Although every plastic has specific properties, these can be modified
in the production process as required and adapted to suit different
needs by blending with other polymers or by the use of additives.
 There are concerns about the impact on health and the environment
relating to a number of substances used.
 Today certain Phthalates (plasticizers), Bisphenol A, and various
flame retardants are regarded as particularly problematic.
 As there are no mandatory declaration laws for plastics and the
additives they contain, and producers keep the composition of
materials secret, it is often very difficult for consumers to tell
harmful products from harmless ones, and practically impossible to
check whether bans or limits have been observed.

19. Bisphenol A
 Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial chemical
that is found in many everyday products, and
the dangers it may pose to health and the
environment have been a subject of
controversy for many years.
 It is a main element in the production of
polycarbonate and is used in the casings of
electrical and electronic appliances, bottles
and containers for foods, compact discs, and
in the field of medicine, among other uses.
 In addition, epoxy resins made from BPA are
used as varnishes to coat surfaces or to coat
the insides of drink and food cans, drink
canisters, and drainage pipes.

20. BPA is also used as an additive for coating thermal
paper, to slow down the aging process of PVC, and as a
stabilizer in brake fluids.
It is a substance with high mobility and a Hormone-
like effect.
The chemical can be released by objects and coatings
and can thus—through food or the skin—enter the
human body, where probably even small doses can
have an adverse effect on the hormonal system.
Risks exist mainly with regard to sexuality and
reproductive health, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular
disease as well as intellectual development and
behavior.

21. Pthalates
Phthalate are used as plasticizers, above
all in PVC where they comprise on average
between 30 and 35 percent of the material.
They make this otherwise hard and brittle
material into an elastic, soft plastic.
Soft PVC and the phthalates it contains
are found in many products that we use
daily, such as flooring, wallpapers, shower
curtains, paints and varnishes, packaging
and cosmetics, in sport and leisure articles
as well as in childcare products and
children’s toys.

22. In the construction industry, this material is used for
cables, conduits, or to seal roofs; in the automotive
industry, for underbody protection, seals, interior linings,
and for truck tarpaulins; and in the medical-technical
field, soft PVC is used to make infusion bags and tubes
and for enteric coating for tablets.
Plasticizers are not bound in plastic and can evaporate
or dissolve through contact with liquids and fats.
It is suspected that the largest amount of plasticizers
enters the environment during use of the product.
Pthalates can be taken in through food, saliva, by
breathing, or through the skin, and they also collect in
house dust.

23. Microplastic
Microplastic represents a significant part
of the plastic garbage problem that has
recently been the subject of intensive
research.
Microparticles (according to the current
definition, smaller than 5 mm; the smallest
particles found to date measure just
1/1000 mm) enter the sea in various ways.
In addition to the plastic debris that
disintegrates from the effects of friction
and UV radiation, plastic pellets, a raw
material in the manufacture of plastic
products, comprise a significant part of the
problem.

24.  Due to careless handling, for example during transport,
considerable quantities enter the natural environment.
Recent research also shows that textiles made of
synthetic fibers such as polyester and especially fleece
lose up to 1,900 synthetic fibers with each washing.
Exfoliating products, many of which often contain small
plastic beads made of polyethylene, pose a similar
problem.
These microparticles escape the filters in sewage
treatment plants and, suspended in wastewater, reach
the seas through rivers, pollute beaches, or accumulate
as pollutants and enter the food chain.

25. Microplastic Beads
 Exfoliations are designed to stimulate the
regeneration of the skin and help it look
more youthful.
 It is no wonder that exfoliating creams for
the face and body play an increasingly
important role in society’s pervasive battle
against aging.
 In mechanical exfoliation, water-insoluble
abrasive agents—microbeads made of
plastic—are frequently used. Eg:
• Face scrub with polyethylene
microparticles, Body scrub with variable-
sized exfoliating beads made of
polyethylene

26. Conclusion
 Plastic is a convenient, strong and universally important
product utilized throughout the world.
 However, despite plastic’s convenience and prevalence,
which consumers appreciate, it is a devastating reality that
the convenience of use of plastic in so many household
goods comes at a very high price for our earth and the
beings that live on it.
 With increasing amounts of plastic polluting the oceans
and dangerous chemicals being emitted from plastic
products, plastic is a hazard to many animals, humans and
the environment.

27. BY-
ABHISHEK JAIN
(Looking for opportunities in PPT and Graphic
Designing
Mail Id- abk16abk@gmail.com)

28. Thank You