1. Educational psychology deals with studying human behavior in educational situations and understanding the teaching and learning process.
2. It helps extension agents understand factors that influence farmer learning like interests, attitudes, intelligence and motivation. This allows agents to design effective training programs.
3. Educational psychology principles can be used to select teaching methods, organize learning experiences, develop assessment tools and solve farm problems. This helps improve the education of farmers.
1. COURSE CO-ORDINATOR :- GUIDED BY :- Presented By:-
Prof. S.P. Singh Prof. Shree Ram Singh AMIT KUMAR ARYA
Agril. Extention Roll.No.13006
BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY
B.Sc.(Ag.) 4th Yr., INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE SCIENCES, BHU
2. INTRODUCTION:-
Father of Psychology is Sigmund Freud.
Although human behaviour seems to follow certain general trends, individuals respond
differently to elements in specific situations.
An individual’s behaviour consists not only of his observable acts but also of his reactions
to inner states and different factors of influence.
The factors that influence and individual’s behaviour include his education, personal
factors, situational factors and environmental factors such as persons around him, objects
he confronts with situations and conditions in which he lives.
So psychologists who are interested in studying human behaviour will not only study
different aspects of behaviour but also what are the similarities and differences among
human reactions and what causes such behaviour. .Psychology has its origin from two Greek
words psyche (soul) and logos (a rational course or a study).
3. Definitions of Psychology:
.Psychology is the scientific study of the behaviour of an individual.
-Daniel
Psychology is the science of mental activity of an organism. –Guilford
Psychology is a science of human behaviour.
Psychology is the science that studies the responses which living individuals
make to their environment. – Murthy
Psychology is the science of behaviour and adjustment.
4. Introduction to the science of
Educational Psychology:
When we say that education plays a vital role in human behaviour it is
imperative (essential) to study the mode of such role the education plays.
The desirable changes in behaviour that represent basic features of
education are:
i. Knowledge: it is the intimate acquaintance with fact
ii. Skill: The ability to do a particular thing
iii. Attitude: the positive or negative feeling one has towards any
psychological object
5. Definitions of Educational Psychology:
.Educational Psychology is the branch of psychology that describes and explains the learning
experiences of an individual and the progress in his educational development from birth to
old age – Crow and Crow
.Educational psychology is the study of the psychological aspects of educational situation –
Trow
.Educational Psychology is a combination or overlapping of two separate fields of study;
psychology and education. It is a distinct discipline with its own theories, research methods,
problems and techniques.
Educational psychology is distinct from other fields of psychology due to its focus on
understanding the processes of teaching and learning that takes place in formal environments.
6. Scope of Psychology:
.The application of psychology has a very wider area in the study of human behaviour as follows:
1. To identify the nature and characteristics of learner
2. The nature of learning process
3. The principles of teaching and learning process
4. The human growth and development
5. The techniques employed in teaching
6. Identification of personality traits
7. Development and adjustment of psychological traits
8. Scientific measurement and evaluation of psychological traits
7. Importance of Psychology:
The study of psychology as the science of human behaviour helps in identifying-
1. The abilities of individual
2. The needs of individual and techniques to be employed to motivate them
3. The hereditary and environmental factors the affect the behaviour
4. The levels of achievement motivation of the individuals
5. The factors that result in individual, intellectual differences and reasons for people becoming
problem men
6. The factors that lead to differential perceptions
7. The causes of retarded learning
8. The causes of emotions and frustration in human beings
9. The causes of forgetting and how to improve memory
10. The levels of knowledge, attitudes possessed by the individuals
11. The different psychological traits possessed by individuals. By the application of different tests and
help in evaluation of the behaviour of the individual
8. SCOPE OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY IN
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
Educational psychology deals with the behaviour of human beings in educational situations. Its
main concern is to identify various psychological factors affecting teaching and learning
process.
It describes and explains the learning according to scientifically determined principles and
facts concerning human behaviour. Educational psychology addresses the questions – “why do
some individual learn more than others" and "what can be done to improve that learning."
Therefore, its subject matter is revolved around teaching and learning process and educational
psychologists attempt to discover:
The extent to which the factors of heredity and environment contribute to learning.
The nature of the learning process.
9. SCOPE OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY IN
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
The educational significance of individual differences in rate and limit of learning.
The inner change that occur during learning.
The relation of teaching procedures to leaning outcomes.
The most effective techniques for evaluating progress in learning.
The relative effect upon an individual of formal learning as compared with incidental or informal
learning experiences.
To value the scientific attitude towards education.
The psychological impact upon learner’s attitude of sociological conditions.
Agricultural extension is education and its main purpose is to change the behaviour of farmers.
Therefore, knowledge of educational psychology is useful to extension agent for understanding the
factors affecting the teaching and learning process.
10. IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
The importance of educational psychology in agricultural extension is immense as both disciplines
deal with human behaviour in educational environment. Following are the some of the reasons which
explain the importance of educational psychology in agricultural extension.
Educational psychology helps the extension agent to know the learner, his interest, attitudes,
aptitude, level of aspiration, intelligence, interests, individual behaviour in group, etc. which plays a
major role in one's learning.
Its main concern is on teaching and learning. This helps in formulating training programmes for
improving the knowledge and skill of extension agent and farmers. It also helps in selection of
teaching methods and aids for organizing effective learning situations and suggests technique of
learning as well as teaching.
11. It helps in imparting better education by organizing the subject matter of learning
experience, preparation of different text books, development of assessment patterns,
etc. for heterogeneous learners.
Educational psychology helps in acquainting learner with the mechanism of heredity and
environment.
It also deals with the problem-solving which is very important for extension agent to
develop problem-solving skills amongst farmers.
It helps extension agent to find causes of prejudices, the habit of sticking to old
practices of farming and ways of doing things, the doubts and lack of confidence and
factors affecting motivation.
It also helps them to know the emotions and feelings of farmers, how farmers learn new
practices
12. PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING
This area is concerned with such problems as :
1) How do children acquire skills?
2) When is learning more effective?
3) What are the factors that help the learning Process?
4) How do we measure the amount of learning?
5) Are there any economic methods of memorizing?
6) Why do we forget?
7) Can memory be improved?
8) Dose the study of Sanskrit helps than study of Hindi?
13. Psychology helps the teacher to get answers to these questions. It tells us that learning becomes
more effective if factors like motivation and interest are taken into consideration by every teacher.
.The knowledge of psychology has helped the teacher in modifying her approach to the teaching
learning process.
.The study of educational Psychology has brought about change in the approach and therefore we
have child centered education. Psychological principles are used in formulation curriculum for
different stage.
. Attempts are made to provide subjects and activities in the curriculum which are in conformity
with the needs of the students, their developmental characteristics, learning patterns and also needs
of the society.
14. NATURE OF EDUCATIONAL
PSYCHOLOGY
Following are the important characteristics of the nature of educational psychology:
It is an applied branch of fundamental Psychology.
It combines two fields i.e. education and psychology.
It is the scientific study of human behaviour in educational situation.
It is concerned with these factors, principles and techniques which relate to the various aspects of
child’s growth and development.
It is concerned with learning situation and process by which learning can be more efficient and
effective.
Educational Psychology, draws heavily from various branches of psychology, biology sociology
and anthropology
Educational Psychology is not as exact as natural sciences since the human behaviour cannot be
predicated exactly, because it is dynamic.
15. Educational Psychology is a science of education dealing primarily with how, when and what of education.
It is not a normative a science as it is not concerned with the value of educational and doesn’t concern itself
with and ‘What ought to be.” It only describes what it is, it is an applied positive science.
While psychology deals with the behaviour of all individuals in all walks of life. Educational Psychology
limits its dealing with the behaviour of the pupil in relation to Educational environment.
It does not concern with what and why of education it gives the necessary knowledge and skill (Technical
Guidance) for giving education the pupil in a satisfactory way.
16. SCOPE OF EDUCATIONAL
PSYCHOLOGY
Six major areas covered by Educational Psychology are:
The Learner
The learning Process
The learning Situation
The Teaching Situation
Evaluation of Learning Performance
The Teacher
17. SCOPE OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOG
Leaner
Learning Process
Teaching
Strategies
Teacher
Learning content
(curriculum)
Evaluation of
Learning outcome
SCOPE OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
