Digital Camera by Abhinav Kumar (Saurav_Abhinav)

1. Digital
Camera
The camera is an instrument that teaches people
how to see without a camera .
Prepared and Presented By
Mr. Abhinav Kumar

2. CONTENTS
Introduction to digital camera
01
Types of digital camera02
Specifications of a digital camera03
Short note on digital camera04
Thank you05

3. 01
Introduction to Digital Camera

4. Introduction to digital camera
Digital cameras are normally used to capture still picture or take videos through the use of an
electronic image sensor.
An optical system is built inside the camera which uses a variable length camera lens which is
mainly used to focus light on the image capturing device. The length of the diaphragm and the
shutter controls how much amount of the light will be utilized.
In digital camera, the image capturing device is an electronic device whereas a chemical device was
used in normal old age film cameras. Modern digital cameras have several amazing features which
has made them become so popular in these days.
The concept of pixel, the smallest unit of a digital image, and resolution is used in digital camera.
The more number of pixels means higher resolution that creates a more high quality image. The
normal digital cameras available in the market has resolution around 20.1, 16.1, 14.1 megapixel.
Image stabilization is another exciting feature of modern digital cameras. Sometimes an
unintended movement of hand at the time of clicking the picture makes the picture blurry. Image
stabilization feature is used to reduce the blurry effect & makes it clearer. It is an electrical
Process whereas some manufacturers call this feature the anti-shake technology. However the
Image stabilization feature will not remove the blurry noise caused by movement of subject.
This problem can be eliminated by faster stutter speed.

5. Introduction to digital camera
Zoom is yet another important feature of a digital camera which has made a huge difference
between digital camera and normal film camera. Zoom is used to get close look of the subject
when they are physically far. Digital camera may have either optical zoom or digital zoom. Some
digital cameras have both. Optical zoom uses the lens which magnifies the images and brings the
subject closer to the photographer. The image quality will not deteriorate while using optical
zoom. On other hand the digital zoom is an electronic process which crops the image and enlarges
it to make it closer but it may reduce the quality of the picture.
Another importance aspect of digital cameras is the ISO. It refers to the sensitivity of the image
sensor to light. A higher ISO requires more light. Most of the low-end SLR’s will have ISO range
from 100 to 1600 where as expensive cameras may have ISO 3200, 6400.
There are several other features which are associated with digital camera such as auto-focus,
red-eye correction, white balance, noise reduction, shooting, various scene modes among others.
Various types of camera lens can also be attached with the camera to experience better quality.
Digital cameras has indeed revolutionized the world of photography.

6. 02
Types of digital camera

7. Types of digital camera
Digital cameras are mainly classified according to their use, automatic and manual focus, and also
price. Here are the classifications.
1. Compact digital cameras
Compact cameras are the most widely used and the simplest cameras to be ever seen. They are
used for ordinary purposes and are thus called “point and shoot cameras”. They are very small in
size and are hence portable. Since they are cheaper than the other cameras, they also contain
fewer features, thus lessening the picture quality. These cameras are further classified according to
their size. The smaller cameras are generally called as ultra-compact cameras. The others are called
compact cameras.
Here are some features of this camera
• Compact and simple.
• Images can be stored in computer as JPEG files.
• Live preview can be seen before taking photos.
• Low power flashes are available for taking photos in the dark.
• Contains auto-focus system with closer focusing ability.
• Zoom capability.
Although these features are available, their magnitude may be less compared to other cameras.
The flashes may be available only for nearby objects. The preview of the picture to be taken will
have less motion capability. The image sensors used in these cameras have a very small diagonal
space of about 6mm with a crop factor of 6.

8. Types of digital camera
2. Bridge cameras
Bridge cameras are most often mistaken for single-lens reflex cameras (SLR). Though
they have the same characteristics their features are different. Some of its features
are
• Fixed lens
• Small image sensors
• Live preview of the image to be taken
• Auto-focus using contrast-detect method and also manual focus.
• Image stabilization method to reduce sensitivity.
• Image can be stored as a raw data as well as compressed JPEG format.
Though they resemble SLR in many ways, they operate much slower than the latter. They are very
big in size and so the fixed lenses are given very high zooming capability and also fast apertures.
The autofocus or manual focus is set according to our necessity. The image preview is done using
either a LCD or an Electronic View Finder (EVF).

9. Types of digital camera
3. Digital single lens reflex cameras (DSLR)
This is one of the most high end cameras obtainable for a decent price. They use the single-lens
reflex method just like an ordinary camera with a digital image sensor. The SLR method consists of
a mirror which reflects the light passing through the lens with the help of a separate optical
viewfinder.
Some features of this camera are
• Special type of sensors is setup in the mirror box for obtaining autofocus.
• Has live preview mode.
• Very high end sensors with crop factors from 2 to 1 with diagonal space from 18mm to 36mm.
• High picture quality even at low light.
• The depth of field is very less at a particular aperture.
• The photographer can choose the lens needed for the situation and can also be easily intercha
ngeable.
• A focal plane shutter is used in front of the imager.

10. Types of digital camera
4. Electronic viewfinder (EVF)
This is just a combination of very large sensors and also interchangeable lenses. The preview is
made using an EVF. There is no complication in mechanism like a DSLR.
5. Digital rangefinders
This is a special film camera equipped with a rangefinder. With this type of a camera distant
photography is possible. Though other cameras can be used to take distant photos, they do not
use the rangefinder technique.
6. Line-scan cameras
This type of cameras is used for capturing high image resolutions at a very high speed. To make
this mechanism possible, a single pixel of image sensors are used instead of a matrix system. A
stream of pictures of constantly moving materials can be taken with this camera. The data
produced by a line-scan camera is 1-dimensional. It has to be processed in a computer to make it
2-D. This 2-D data is further processed to obtain our needs.

11. Types of digital camera

12. 03
Specifications of a digital camera

13. Specifications of a digital camera
Different specs are important to different people, but a few
generalizations hold true for most cameras.
• Megapixel count. ...
• Image quality. ...
• Shutter lag and start-up time. ...
• Size, weight, and design. ...
• Zoom lens and image stabilization. ...
• RAW mode. ...
• Manual focus. ...
• Storage. …

14. 04
Short note on digital camera

15. Short note on digital camera
A digital camera is a similar to a traditional film-based camera, but it captures images digitally.
When you take a picture with a digital camera, the image is recorded by a sensor, called a
"charged coupled device" or CCD. Instead of saving the picture on analog film like traditional
cameras, digital cameras save photos in digital memory. Some digital cameras have built-in
memory, but most use an SD or Compact Flash card.
Digital cameras have several advantages over their analog counterparts. While film rolls
typically hold about 24 pictures, memory cards have the capacity to store several hundred or
even several thousand pictures on a single card. Therefore, photographers can be much more
liberal in the shots they take. Since the images are captured digitally, unwanted images can
be deleted directly on the camera. Most digital cameras also include a small LCD screen that
shows a live preview of the image, which makes it easier to capture the perfect picture. These
cameras usually include an option to record video as well.
In the past, people would need to drop off their film at a photo processing location in order to
get their pictures developed. With digital cameras, you can simply import the pictures to your
computer via a USB cable. Once the digital photos have been imported, you can publish them
online or e-mail them to friends. You can also edit them using photo editing software. If you
want to print hard copies of your photos, you can use a home printer or an online printing
service.

16. Short note on digital camera
Digital cameras range greatly in size in quality. On the low end are portable electronic devices
such as as cell phones and iPods that have digital cameras built into them. In the mid range
are are standalone point-and-shoot cameras that have additional features and picture taking
modes. On the high end are digital SLR (single lens reflex) cameras, which support
interchangeable lenses. These cameras are used by photography professionals and capture
high resolution images with accurate color.
While early digital cameras did not perform as well as their film-based counterparts, modern
digital cameras can now capture even higher quality images. Today's point-and-shoot cameras
now have resolutions in excess of 10 megapixels, which allows them to capture crystal clear
images.
They also focus and capture images much faster than before, which gives them the
responsiveness of analog cameras. These improvements, along with the many advantages of
digital photography, are why nearly all photographers have gone digital.

17. THANK
YOUFor Your Attention
+91-7992258221 saurav_abhinav saurav_abhinavAbhinav Kumar
For any query or clarification
Mail me on- kabhinav2004@gmail.com
Call me on- 7992258221
Submitted to
Department of BCA
IAMR GHAZIABAD
Prepared and Presented By
Mr. Abhinav Kumar
BCA 1st Semester
Session 2020-2023
IAMR GHAZIABAD