1. Marine Water Quality
•Pritha
Chakraborty(11MSM0017)
•Soumya Banerjee(11MSM0
•Niladri
ShekharPattanayak(11MSM
•Abhinab Das(11MSM0052)

3. Ocean cover s appr oximat ely 70% of t he
Eart h’s t oal sur f ace area.
97% of t ot al wat er cont ent is pr esent in t he
ocean.
Har bors r ich sour ce of biodiver sit y
Serves as t he main r egulat ory agent of
Eart h’s climat e.
I t was t hought t hat human being can’t pollut e
t hat vast amount of wat er.
Realit y is not t he same.

4. Pollut ant s f r om dif f er ent sour ces are t he
causes of cont inuous dropping of marine
wat er qualit y.
I t is det r iment al t o human healt h, economic
development , climat e and biodiver sit y.
Also int erf er ing wit h t he sust ainabilit y of
envir onment and it s r esources.

6. The wat er qualit y is t hat a body of wat er
should be able t o suppor t it s designat ed uses,
which could include shell-f ishing, swimming,
ot her body cont act or f ishing.

8.  Pollut ant s ent er s t he ocean ar e dilut ed
 But microbes t ends t o concent r at e t hese
pollut ant s in t heir body by various
mechanism such as:
 Adsorpt ion
 Absor pt ion
 I ngest ion

10.  Bioconcentration: is a process by which
pollut ant s are dir ect ly t aken up f r om wat er
and is accumulat ed t o levels great er t han
t hose f ound in t he surr ounding wat er.
 Biomagnification: is t he incr ease in t he
t issue concent r at ion of a bioaccumulat ed
chemical subst ances.

11.  Bioaccumulation : is a pr ocess by which a
cont aminant is t aken up by micr obes direct ly
t hr ough t he physical exposure pat hway or
t hr ough consumpt ion of cont aminat ed f ood.
 I t incor por at es t he concept s of
bioconcent r at ion and biomagnif icat ion.
 I t depends upon t he composit ion of f ood and
concent r at ion f act or s, which varies wit h
dif f er ent envir onment f or a or ganism wit h a
given chemical.

12. Concent r at ion f act ors: ar e used t o quant if y
t he bioaccumulat ion.
 I t can be def ined as t he concent r at ion of
chemical in t he or ganisms divided by t he
seawat er or sur rounding concent r at ion in t he
envir onment f rom which t he organism was
living.
Microbes can t ake up chemicals dir ect ly f rom
seawat er or f r om t heir f ood.

14. Sewage: cont ain or ganic mat t er s, det er gent s,
oil, nut rient s and t oxic heavy met als.
Sources ar e coast al cit ies, shipping act ivit ies
I ncr eased BOD dest roy t he kelp bed,
degr ade t he bent hic communit ies.

15. Heavy metals: Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr ), Mercur y
(Hg), Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd).
Sources ar e coal combust ion, elect ric ut ilit ies, st eel
and ir on manuf act ur ing, f uel oil and oil addit ives.
Effect: blocking of essent ial f unct ional groups of
t he biomolecules (pr ot eins and enzymes),
displacement of met al ion f r om biomolecules,
modif icat ion of st r uct ur e of biomolecules.

16. Pesticides: is any subst ance or mixt ure of
subst ances int ended f or prevent ing,
dest r oying, repelling any pest .
Types
Natural: biodegradable
Artificial: non biodegradable pr oduced af t er
indust r ial r evolut ion.
Effect: not openly seen, organochlor ides
cause micr osomal enzyme induct ion.

17. Polychlorinated biphenyles (PCBs): are a
series of t echnical mixt ur es consist ing of
many isomer s and compounds t hat var y f rom
mobile oily liquids t o whit e cr yst alline solids
and hard non-cryst alline solid.
Sources: ar e older elect rical equipment s like
t ransf or mer , insulat ions.
Effect: t ypically causes r epr oduct ion pr oblem
in micr obes.

18. Radioactive metals: ocean become sink of
r adioact ive wast e.
Sources: nuclear accident s, r eleasing or
dumping of wast e f r om nuclear f uel syst em,
Effects: dir ect t oxicit y caused by ionized
at oms produce st rong oxidizing ions which ar e
har mf ul, can cause let hal mut at ions, which
r esult s in t erat ogenesis

20.  Dissolved oxygen: is import ant f or aquat ic
organisms. Many of t he microbes need it t o
perf orm t heir decomposit ion f unct ion (aerobic
decomposers)
 Turbidity: is caused by suspended mat erials
t hat blocks t he pat h of light . I t is a measure of
how much of light is scat t ered by suspended
mat erials in t he wat er.
 Unit: is Nephelomet ric Turbidit y unit .

21. Fecal coliform bacteria: indicat e t he
cont aminat ions f rom warm blooded creat ures.
The MFC (membrane f ilt r at ion t echnique) is
st andar d met hod t o enumer at e f ecal colif or m
in wat er sample.
Colif or ms ar e not pat hogenic, but t heir
pr esence indicat e t he possibilit y of
pat hogenic presence.
For shel-lf ishing f ecal colif or m level should
be above t han 14 CFU/ 100ml. f or swimming
200 CFU/ 100ml.

22. Total nitrogen and phosphorus: is a measure
of t ot al nit r ogen and phosphorus cont ent .
Nit rogen can be det ect ed by per sulf at e
digest ion met hod.
Phosphor us st imulat e t he gr owt h of aquat ic
weed and blooms of t he BGA.
Elevat ed level of nit r ogen and phosphor us can
st imulat e excessive plant growt h
(eut r ophicat ion), ver y har mf ul t o aquat ic
envir onment . Some count ries banned high
phosphat e det ergent s.

23. Suspended solids: causes silt at ion and car r y
t oxic chemicals and nut r ient s. High
concent r at ions of suspended solids can be
consider ed as t he most widespr ead wat er
qualit y problems.
Chlorophyll a: is a measure of phyt oplankt on
biomass.
St andar d level is 40 micr ogr ams/ lit er .

25. I n I NDI A various gover nment , non
gover nment , and aut onomous inst it ut e and
Univer sit ies are involved in mar ine pollut ion
monit or ing and cont rol st udies.
 Depar t ment of science and t echnology
 Depar t ment of ocean development
 Nat ional inst it ut e of ocean t echnology
 Nat ional inst it ut e of oceanography

28.  Nat ional Wat er-Qualit y Assessment (NAWQA)
Program - Wat er qualit y in t he Puget Sound Basin
 Summary of suspended-sediment concent rat ion
dat a, San Francisco Bay, Calif ornia, wat er year
2000
 Woods Hole Coast al and Marine Geology Field
Cent er .Access USGS - San Francisco Bay and
Delt a [
 Harbor St udies: t he f at e of sediment s and
cont aminant s in Massachuset t s Bay
 Early result s f rom t he Nort hern Gulf of Mexico
Ecosyst em Change and Hazard Suscept ibilit y
Proj ect