1. The planets in our
Solar System
MADE BY :
ABHAY GOYAL

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5. Spacecraft Observations of Jupiter
• Pioneer 10 flew by Jupiter on December 1, 1973.
• Pioneer 11 flew by Jupiter on December 1, 1974.
• Voyager 1 flew by Jupiter on March 5, 1979.
• Voyager 2 flew by Jupiter on July 9, 1979.
• Ulysses, studies the poles of the Sun. Jupiter flyby
February 8, 1992.
• Galileo Orbiter/Atmospheric Probe - 1995 – 2003.
• Hubble Space Telescope - observations since
April 25, 1990.
• Cassini – en route to Saturn, December 2000, and
now there.

6. Voyager Spacecraft

8. Galileo
Mission to
Jupiter and its
moons

10. The Voyager
Spacecraft on
its way,
looking back
at Earth and
our Moon

11. Galileo atmospheric probe of Jupiter’s atmosphere
- December 7th, 1995
Depth of measurements ~200 km

12. Jupiter, with its
dark belts (where
gases move down
into the interior),
and light zones
(where gases move
upwards). Also
visible is the Great
Red Spot, a huge
hurricane that has
been observed from
Earth for ~ 350
years, and other
more or less
temporary surface
features

14. Jupiter’s Cloud Structure
180 km
1
2
120 - 110 km
Red Spot
90 km 3
70 - 80 km
4
30 km
5

15. o o o
-143 C -18 C 127 C

16. Some features in Jupiter’s dynamic atmosphere change just
like weather on Earth. The 2 images are 10 hours apart.

17. Winds at top of atmosphere – travel in opposite directions
at different latitudes

19. Observed circulation of Jupiter’s Red Spot

20. Jupiter’s Red Spot is a 350 year old hurrican!
Nighttime image showing
lightning in Jupiter’s
atmosphere

21. Other storms (“small spots”) in Jupiter’s
atmosphere

22. Ring around
Jupiter,
discovered by
the Voyager
Spacecraft

23. Ring system – made of fragments of ice
182,000 km
Moons inside
ring system

24. Internal
structure
of Jupiter

25. Strength of the magnetic fields of the planets.
Jupiter has by far the strongest magnetic field, because its interior is made of
an excellent electric conductor (liquid metallic hydrogen), and because the
planet rotates around its axis faster than any other (once in 10 hours).

26. Aurora at poles of Jupiter – show that Jupiter has a strong magnetic
field

27. Jupiter summary