1. Performance Additives
by DELTA specialties
Abhay Mehrotra

2. DELTA SPECIALTIES
Having a purpose and knowing exactly what values are
will add quality & additional performance in your products

3. Additives applied on coatings
 Production/storage
 Application
 Film formation
 Service life

4. Paints Processing/storage Additives
 Antifoam Additives
 Dispersing Agents
 Emulsifiers/wetting agents
 Antisettling Agents
 Biocides

5. Application Additives
 Conductivity modifier
 Substrate wetting
 Defoamers

6. Additives for film formations:
 Coalescing Agents
 Rheological Additives
 Surface Control Additives
 Driers
 Catalysts
 Film leveling Additives

7. Additives for Service life:
 Cross –linking Agents
 Water-Repellant
 Dry Film Preservatives
 Mattening Agents
 Corrosion Inhibitors
 Adhesion Promoters
 Surface Slip
 Antistatic Additives
 Antiblocking Additives

8. Product Range
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DELTA-FC®
Foam Control Additives
DELTA-SC®
Surface Control Additives
DELTA-DC®
Dispersion Control Additives
MORDRY®
Driers
DELTA-S®
Specialty Additives

9. Wetting & Dispersing Agents: Need
 Dispersing is the mechanical dispersion of solid/pigments
in a liquid(resin) to achieve stable colored systems .By
dispersing process the agglomerates must break down to
primary particles and it help to prevent reflocculation of
the system

10. Wetting & Dispersing Agents:
Advantage
 To improves color strength and transparency of film
 To improve gloss and leveling
 To improve color development and opacity
 To reduce the grinding time
 To improve the rheology of the coatings
 To improve stability of coatings
 To arrest floating/flooding

11. Wetting and Dispersing difference
Wetting and dispersing is a general term for coating industry
and should not be separated during discussion of solvent
borne systems
• The wetting Process characterized as the removal or
displacement of air/moisture from pigments/fillers
followed by encapsulation of surface with continuous
systems
• The dispersing is the mechanical grinding /separation to
smaller particles to stablise in resin systems and to
prevent them from reflocculation

12. Factors affecting dispersion
 Gravity
 Surface free energy
 Electrostatic repulsion
 Steric Stabilization

13. Types of Dispersion Control Additives
 Deflocculation
 Controlled flocculation

14. Deflocculation
 Offers a low viscosity dispersion
 Good gloss and color strength
 Prevents flooding and floatation
 Risk of settling and sagging
 Suitable for Topcoats
 DELTA-DC® 3046, 3047, 3009, 3011, 3013,
4044, 4207, 4296, 4010M, 4242, 4007,
3590, 3591 and 3401

15. Controlled Flocculation
 No sharp viscosity decrease compared to
deflocculation mechanism
 Gives a special rheological behavior (usually
thixotropic)
 Excellent anti-settling and anti-sagging
property
 Prevent the risk of flooding and floatation
 Suitable for highly filled systems as primers
 DELTA-DC® 4001, 4054, 4065, 4066 and 4071

16. Mechanism
 Electrostatic repulsion
 Steric Hindrance

17. Typical problem with poor stabilization
In the liquid paints
 Settling/sedimentation of
fillers, pigments,
mattening agents
 Viscosity Instability during
storage
 Foam stabilization
In the cured films
 Gloss reduction
 Haze
 Less Transparency
 Change in color
 Uneven orientation

18. Dispersant level and its effects
 Too little agents
 Only partial coverage
 Limited performance
I. Correct dosages
II. Minimum viscosity
III. Maximum stability
 Too much additives
 Layer collapse
 Cissing

19. Suitability by resin polarity
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Recommendation: DELTA dispersants
Polarity
DC 4207
DC 4044
DC 4054/4007
DC 4010 M
DC 4065/DC 4066
DC 4001
DC 4002
DC 3047
DC 3009/DC 3011/DC 3046
DC 4211
DC 4242

20. Solution for Antifloating/Anti flooding
 It is well known that in case of co grinding multiple
pigments ,which are different in particle size ,density
,and degree of flocculation are liable to form trouble such
as gloss heterogeneous, flooding and floating during
coating process
 Anti flooding/Antifloating agents is usually recommended
to avoid that
 It may be a dispersing agents or surface control agents or
used in combination

21. Flooding and Floating
Flooding----Horizontal separation
Flooding defect where the color separation happen
horizontally
Floating……Vertical separation
Floating defect where color separated on the surface of the
paint, vertically

22. Selection of Additives for
Antiflooding/Antifloating
Flooding
Eliminating by stablising dispersion function of dispersing
agents
Floating
Eliminated by preventing Benard cell formation with surface
control additives
Settling
Eliminated by preventing settling with antisettling additives

23. DELTA DC 3047
 Properties
 Composition: Polyurethane
 Appearance: slightly yellow liquid
 Solids Content : 35 %
 Features
 Excellent for FW 200 carbon black and tough organic
pigments
 To prevent reflocculation of pigments
 To improve color development ,hiding power ,gloss and
leveling and DOI

24. DELTA -DC® 4211 New Generation
Dispersion Control Additives
It is an acidic polyether-based dispersion control (
anionic) developed for high filled systems. It is suited for
high filled unsaturated polyester systems, SMC, BMC,
carputties, gelcoats or combination of polystyrene,
polyvinylacetate, and styrene-butadiene copolymers( LS-
or LP formulations)

25. Typical technical Data /DELTA -DC® 4211
Composition
Appearance
Specific Gravity @ 20°C
Flashpoint
Acid value
Active ingredients
:Acidic Polyether
:Cloudy brownish liquid
:ca. 1.14 g/cm3
: 24°C
:170-190 mg KOH/g
: 90-100%

26. Foam Control Additives
A foam control additive is a surface-active agent that destroys
foam after it has been formed or prevents/retards the foam
formation.
For a good efficiency, Foam control agent must meet the
following conditions:
• Almost insoluble in the medium
• Entering in the foam lamella
• Spreading on the surface
For:
 Water Based Foam Control
 Solvent based/solvent free systems

27. Requirements of an effective Defoamer
 Lower surface tensions than other ingredients
 Partial incompatibility
 Highly efficient to enter foam lamella
 Inert
 Easily mix

28. Factors affecting foam formation
 Poor wetting of substrates
 High Viscosity
 High Shear rate during processing/application
 High water content of raw materials
 High content or presence of surfactant
 High Humidity

29. Mode of Action of Defoamer
These are low surface tension liquids ,must demonstrate the
following properties
1. Insoluble in the medium to be defoamed
2. Positive entering coefficient
3. Positive spreading coefficient
4. Accelerate the migration of bubbles to surface

30. Selection Criteria for Defoamer
 Antifoaming Efficiency
 Defoaming Efficiency
 Partial compatibility with system
 Appearance of film
 Recoatability
 Stability

31. Popular Defoamers : water base systems
 FC 1501
 FC 1503
 FC 1531
 FC 1522M
 FC 1552
 FC 1525
 FC 1590

32. Popular Defoamers : Solvent /free
systems
 FC 1020
 FC 1022
 FC 1040
 FC 1041
 FC 1720
 FC 1722

33. Orange peel Fish eyes Craters Pinholes Benard cells
Surface control agents SCA
Surface-related problems:
• Very often, surface-related defects are directly linked
to the surface tension.
• Defects of wet and consequent dry coating films,
affecting coating appearance and sometimes
performance
33

34. Influence and factors on leveling
 Evaporation rate and solubility of solvents
 Leveling of primer
 Contamination during application
 Quality of raw materials and surfactant

35. Mechanism of leveling Additives
 To improve the flow of coating like plasticizer
 To reduce and stabilize surface tensions
 To prevent formation of Benard Cell formations
 Leveling Additives migrates to surface due to its
incompatibility

36. Surface Control Additives: flow, leveling
and surface properties
Types of Surface Control Additives
 Silicone based: SC 2030,SC 2033,SC 2031,SC 2211,SC
2236,SC 2239
 Acrylate based: SC 2777,SC 2772,SP 10930,SP 10957

37. SC 2777 Star Leveling Additive
Properties
Composition: Polyacylate
flouro modified
Appearance: Colorless
NVM: 70 % solids
Carrier: Xylene
Specific Gravity: 0.98
Features
 To eliminate surface defects,
craters, pinholes, fish eyes
 Compatible with most
binders
 To be light stable, hydrolysis
resistant and does not
migrate from film
 Improve leveling and flow of
coating and can be used in
high temperature system
 Provide long wave leveling

38. SC 2033 Leveling Agent
 Typical Properties
 Composition: Polyether modified siloxanes
 Appearance: Colorless liquid
 Solid Content : 15 %
 Carrier : Butyl Acetate
 Specific gravity: 0.91
 Features
 Highly effective substrate wetting and good anticratering
 Effective against cissing
 To reduce coefficient of friction ,improve scratch
resistance ,mar resistance and good recoat ability

39. Settling of pigments and fillers
 The density difference between the binder and the
pigments ,or the binder and the fillers
 Particle size distribution, Particle size, surface charge,
shape and cohesion of the pigment and fillers
 Viscosity and Thixotropic of binder
 Affinity of the binder and the pigments ,or the binder and
the filler
 Degree of dispersion and types of controlled flocculating
Additives used

40. Typical Antisettling Additives properties
Types
 Organo clays
 Synthetic silicates
 Hydrogenated castor oils
 Polyethylene wax
 Polyurea
 Surfactant
Thixotropy
 Strong
 Strong
 Strong
 Weak
 Weak
 Weak

41. DELTA DC 4001 Antisettling Agent
Typical Properties
 Composition :Salt of
unsaturated fatty acids
 Solvents:
Isobutanol/water
 Amine Value: 48
 Acid Value: 37
 Active Ingredients: 30 %
Application
 Prevent interfacial
Tensions between
fillers/pigments and
binders
 Creates thixotropy and
therefore prevent
settling/saggings
 Preferably used in
primers/undercoat

42. DELTA-S® 5225
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DELTA-S® 5225 is a multifunctional additive that can be
used as:
• Color acceptance improver
• Sole dispersion control additive for the
manufacturing of universal colorants
• To formulate environmentally friendly
colorants with no APEO raw materials and
lowered or no VOC content

43. • MORDRY® 410& MORDRY® 420& MORDRY® 430
Highly efficient replacement for cobalt drier in urethane-
modified alkyds and alkyds
• DELTA-S® 5700
Anti-gel agent and viscosity stabilizer for air drying and
stoving coating systems
• DELTA-S® 95/97
pH Buffer
• DELTA-S® 5800
Antigelling and viscosity stabilizer for WB formulations
• DELTA-S® 5750
Coalescing agent for water based formulations
Specialty Additives

44. Performance
 Efficient manufacturing
 Defect less Finishes
 Effortless applications
 Excellent Service
DELTA best offering to the coating
industry

45. DELTA specialties
Al-Moustafa For Industries & Designs
Swiss Compound
4th Industrial Zone
6th of October City
A. Republic of Egypt
Tel.: +202 330 381 15
Fax: +202 330 311 81
E-mail: info@deltaspwll.com
Web: www.deltaspwll.com