Measuring the Cephalometric.

5. • Measured the junction of SN line and NA line.
• It evaluates the antero-posterior position of the
maxilla in relation to the anterior cranial base.
• The normal average is 81±3 (normal or orthognathic
maxilla).
• above the normal range it would be prognathic
maxilla.
• and when it is below the normal range it would be
retrognathic maxilla.

6. • Measured the junction of SN line and NB line.
• It evaluates the antero-posterior position of the
mandible in relation to the anterior cranial base.
• The normal average is 78±3 (normal or orthognathic
mandible).
• The angle is above the normal range, it would be
prognathic mandible.
• The angle is below the normal range, it would be
retrognathic mandible.

7. • This angle is the difference between SNA and SNB
angle and indicates the amount of skeletal
discrepancy between maxilla and mandible in
antero-posterior position.
• The normal average is 3 ±2 (skeletal class I).
• A larger than normal angle would indicate a skeletal
class II.
• Smaller than 1 angle a skeletal class III.

8. • perpendicular lines on a tracing of a lateral
cephalogram from points A and B, onto the
bisecting occlusal plane.
• measuring the distance between the two points of
intersection of the two perpendicular lines with the
bisecting occlusal plane, along the latter. The greater
the deviation of this reading from 0 ±2 mm in
females and 1 ±2 mm in males.
• More than normal, Skeletal Class II
• Less than normal, Skeletal Class III

9. • assessing the degree of convexity (or concavity) of
the skeletal profile.
• The angle is formed by the lines NA and A-Pog and
has a positive value in convex and negative value in
concave profiles, whereas in patients with a straight
profile the angle is approximately 0.

10. • The angle between the anterior and posterior cranial
base, recorded as the inferior angle formed by the
intersection of the lines BaS and SN.
• A large cranial base angle is thought to signify a
posterior condylar and glenoid fossa position and a
mandible that is positioned posteriorly with respect to
the cranial base and the maxilla, unless it is
compensated by a larger gonial angle and an
increased mandibular length.
• Normal, Increased, decreased Cranial base angle.

13. • Measured at the intersection of SN line
to maxillary plane.
• It expresses the vertical inclination of
the maxilla in relation to the anterior
cranial base.
• The mean value is 8 ±3 (normal
inclined maxilla).
• values greater than normal indicate a
posterior inclination of the maxilla.
• Smaller values indicate an anterior
inclination of maxilla.

14. • Measured at the intersection of SN
plane and mandibular plane.
• The mean value is 32 ±4 (normal
inclined mandible).
• Angles greater than normal indicate the
mandible is growing downward and
backward (posterior inclination of the
mandible).
• Angles less than normal indicate an
anterior inclination of the mandible,
(mandible is growing forward and
upward, anterior inclination of the
mandible).

15. :
• Measured at the intersection of the
maxillary plane with the mandibular
plane and relates the inclination of the
mandible and the maxilla to each other.
The mean value is 27 ±4 (normal
interbasal angle).
• If the angle exceeds the normal there is
skeletal open bite.
• whereas an angle less than the mean
indicates skeletal deep bite.

16. :
• The anterior angle formed by the intersection of
a line tangent to the posterior border of the
ramus and the mandibular plane.
• It determines the degree of inclination of the
ramus to the mandibular plane and may give an
indication about mandibular growth direction.
(Alternatively measured as the angle between
Ar-Go and Go-Gn).
• Incre??????????

17. • Lower facial height: This is a linear measurement
from menton perpendicular to maxillary plane.
• Upper facial height: This is a linear distance is
measured from Nasion perpendicular to maxillary
plane.
• Total facial height = lower facial height + upper
facial height.

18. • FP = Lower Facial Height Total Facial Height *
100
• In normal faces this index has a value of about 55%
± 2% (normal lower height).
• A larger than this ratio will indicate increased lower
facial height.
• Smaller than this value will indicate decreased
lower facial height.

22. 2 ± 2

23. • Measured at the intersection of long axis of the the
most prominent upper central incisor with the
maxillary plane.
• It evaluates the antero-posterior inclination of the
maxillary central incisor.
• This angle averages 109 ± 6 (normal inclination of
upper incisor).
• A larger than normal angle would indicate
proclination of the upper central incisor
• Smaller than normal angle would indicate
retroclination of maxillary incisors.
•

24. • This is a linear distance measured in millimeter from
the most prominent incisal edge of the upper incisor
perpendicular to NA line.
• It averages 4±2mm (normal position of upper
incisor).
• A larger than normal angle would indicate
protrusion of upper central incisor
• Smaller than normal angle would indicate retrusion
of the central incisor.

25. • The perpendicular distance (in mm) of the incisal
edge of the maxillary central incisors to the A-Pog
line.
• A measurement of the Downs analysis, expressing
the degree of protrusion of the maxillary central
incisors.

26. • Measured at the intersection of the long axis of the
most prominent lower central incisor with
mandibular plane.
• It evaluates the antero-posterior inclination of the
mandibular central incisor.
• A larger than normal angle would indicate
proclination of lower incisor
• Smaller than normal angle would indicate
retroclination of the mandibular incisor.

27. • This is a linear distance measured in millimeter from
the most prominent incisal edge of the lower incisor
perpendicular to NB line.
• It averages 4±2mm (normal position of lower
incisor).
• A larger than normal angle would indicate
protrusion of lower central incisor and
• Smaller than normal angle would indicate retrusion
of the mandibular incisor.

28. • This is a linear distance measured in millimeter
from the incisal edge of the lower incisor
perpendicular to A-Pog line.
• This measurement averages +1±2 mm (normal
position of lower incisor).
• A larger than normal measurment would indicate
protrusion of lower central incisor.
• Smaller than normal would indicate retrusion of
the mandibular incisor.

29. • The interincisal angle measure at the junction of the
long axis of upper central incisor with the lower
central incisor.
• It averages 135 ±5 (normal proclination of upper
and lower central incisors).
• The angle decreases with proclination of upper
and lower incisors
• The angle increase with retroclination of incisors.

32. • The vertical distance between the upper and lower
lip, measured with the lips at rest.
• Normal 0-2.
• more than 2 Incompetent lip position.

33. • This is a linear distance measured from the most
anterior point on the upper lip perpendicular to
esthetic plane (tip of the nose to the soft tissue
pogonion)).
• It averages -2 to -4 (normal position of upper lip
which is inside the line).
• A larger angle indicates the protrusion of the upper
lip
• Smaller angle indicates the retrusion of the upper
lip.

34. • This is a linear measurement from the most anterior
point on the lower lip perpendicular to esthetic
plane.
• It averages from 0 to -2 inside the esthetic line
(normal position of the lower lip).
• A larger measurment indicates the protrusion of
the lower.
• Smaller indicates the retrusion of the lower lip.
• According to R. M. Ricketts, the lower lip should fall
slightly ahead of the upper lip when related to this
line.

35. • The anterior inferior angle formed by the intersection
of a line tangent to the columella of the nose and a
line drawn from subnasale to the mucocutaneous
border of the upper lip.
• It evaluates the degree of protrusion or retrusion of
the upper lip, in reference to the columella of the
nose.
• The nasolabial angle can influence the decision for
extractions as part of the orthodontic treatment plan,
as it is partially dependent on the anteroposterior
position of the maxillary incisors.

36.  >norm obtuse nasolabial angle.
 Norm  normal nasolabial angle.
 <norm acute nasolabial angle.

37.  Deep Labiomental angle.
 Normal Labiomental angle.
 Shallow Labiomental angle.