hydrocarbons

1. Saturated
hydrocarbons(alkanes)

2. Introduction
• Hydrocarbons are compounds that contains only carbon and
hydrogen atoms
• Hydrocarbons can be classified into
A. Acyclic or open chain (aliphatic) hydrocarbons
• Saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes)
• Unsaturated hydrocarbon (alkenes and alkynes)
B. Cyclic or closed chain
• Alicyclic hydrocarbons (cycloalkanes and cycloalkenes)
• Aromatic hydrocarbons

3. Introduction…

4. Alkanes
• Alkanes are saturated, aliphatic hydrocarbons;
• Saturated hydrocarbons are those containing only carbon–carbon single
bonds
• The physical properties of the higher alkanes resemble those of the long
carbon-chain molecules we find in animal fats and plant oils, thus are called
aliphatic
• The other name of alkanes is paraffins
• Alkanes are homologous series with the general formula of alkanes is
CnH2n+2

5. Alkanes
• Alkanes can be drawn in a more abbreviated form called a line-angle
formula.
• An abbreviated way to draw structural formulas in which each vertex and line
terminus represents a carbon atom and each line represents a bond

6. Drawing Line-Angle Formulas of alkanes
• Example: Draw the line-angle formula of hexane (C6H14)

7. Isomerism in alkanes
• Isomers are compounds that are constructed from the same atoms
(same molecular formula) but that still differ from each other.

8. Isomerism in alkanes…
• The types of isomerism in alkanes is constitutional isomerism
(structural isomerism)
• Example:

9. Names of alkanes

10. Names of alkanes