This document discusses carbon nanotubes (CNTs). It defines nanochemistry as the study and synthesis of nanoparticles between 1-100 nanometers in size. CNTs are cylindrical carbon molecules with unusual properties valuable for applications in nanotechnology, electronics, optics, and other fields. There are two main types of CNTs - single-walled and multi-walled. CNTs can be produced through methods like arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition. CNTs have remarkable mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties and are being researched for applications in areas like medicine, composites, microelectronics, chemicals, and more, though more study is still needed on their toxicity and environmental impact.

1. Nanochemistry
Carbon Nanotubes(CNTs)
By
Abdul Wahab
M.Sc Chemistry1

2. Table Of Content
Nano Chemistry
What is this science?
Nano Particle
What are they?
Carbon Nanotubes
2

3. Nanochemistry
Nanochemistry or Nanotechnology
are related with the production and
the reactions of nanoparticles and
their compounds.
This study the synthesis and analysi
s of materials in the nanoscale range
(1-100 nanometers). This science
use methodologies from3

4. Nano chemistry in Medicine
Nano chemistry in Electronics
Nano chemistry in
Cosmetics
For
Example
And in energy, optical engineering, defense and
security, nanobio technology, nano devices,
nano fabrics, bio engineering and many others.4

5. Nanoparticles are particles
between 1 and 100 nanometers in
size.
 One nanometer
corresponds to five
atoms side by side.
OR
 An apple compared to
earth.
OR
 Earth compared to this
galaxy(milky way).
OR
 Galaxy compared to
this universe.
5

6. History of CNTs
 In 1970 Morinobu Endo first grew carbon
fibers about 7 nm in diameter during PhD
studies at the University of Orleans in France.
Filaments were not recognized as nanotubes and
were not studied.
But
 In 1991 Sumio Iijima at NEC Laboratory in
Tsukuba observed carbon nanotubes for first
time.
And from here it came to know.
6

7. Carbon Nanotubes
(CNTs)
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
are allotropes of
carbon with a cylindrical
nanostructure. These
cylindrical carbon molecule
s have unusual properties,
which are valuable for
nanotechnology, electronics
, optics and other fields
of materials science and
technology.
7

8. Types of Carbon nanotubes
 Classified mainly into two types:
1. Single Walled NanoTubes(SWNT)
Single-wall nanotubes (SWNT) are tubes of
graphite, which is rolled into a cylinder.
8

9. 2. Multi Walled
NanoTubes(MWNT)
Multi-wall nanotubes can
appear either in the form
of a coaxial assembly of
SWNT similar to a coaxial
cable, or as a single
sheet of graphite rolled
into the shape of a
scroll.Structure of MWNT
is less well understood
because of its greater
complexity and variety.9

10. How nanotubes are made?
They can be made
by following
method like:
• Arc discharge
• Laser Ablation
• Chemical Vapor
Decomposition
• Natural, incidental
and controlled
flame10

11. Arc Discharge
 An electric arc, or arc
discharge, is
an electrical
breakdown of a gas that
makes insulator medium
conductive.
 Nanotubes were
observed in 1991 firstly
by this method.
 The yield both single-
and multi-walled
11

12. Chemical vapor deposition
 Chemical vapor
deposition (CVD) is
the most popular
method of producing
CNTs nowadays.
Chemical vapor
deposition (CVD) is a
versatile process in
which gas-phase
molecules are
decomposed to12

13. Laser Ablation
• Laser ablation is the
process of removing material
from a solid surface by
irradiating it with
a laser beam.
• The laser ablation method
primarily single-walled carbon
nanotubes with a controllable
diameter determined by the
reaction temperature.
However, it is more expensive
than either arc discharge or13

14. Natural, incidental, and
controlled flame environments
 Carbon nanotubes are not necessarily
products of high-tech laboratories; they
are commonly formed in
environment. However, these naturally
occurring varieties can be highly irregular
in size and quality because the
environment in which they are produced
is often highly uncontrolled. Thus, they
can lack in the high degree of uniformity14

15. Properties of CNTs
Strength
Electrical
Thermal
Transport
15

16. Strength Properties
 Carbon nanotubes have the strongest
tensile strength and highest modulus of
elasticity than any material known.
 A nanotube with cross section 1 square
millimeter can lift up more than 6000kg
weight.Material Strength(TP
a)
CNTs 1
Kevlar 0.13
Stainless
Steel
0.2
16

17. Electrical Properties
 Carbon nanotubes
can be conductor,
insulator and
semiconductor
depending on the
type of CNT.
 Metallic nanotubes
can carry an
electrical current
density of 4×109
A/cm2 which is more
than 1,000 times
greater than metals
17

18. Thermal Properties
• Carbon nanotubes can transmit up to
6000 watts per meter per Kelvin at
room temperature; compare this to
copper, a metal well-known for its
good thermal conductivity, which
transmits 385 watts per meter per K.
• The temperature stability of carbon
nanotubes is estimated to be up to
o
18

19. One dimensional
transport
 Electron transport in carbon nanotubes
will only propagate along the axis of the
tube. Because of this special transport
property, carbon nanotubes are
frequently referred to as “one-
dimensional”.
19

20. Defects
• Defects can occur in the
form of atomic vacancies.
High levels of such defects
can lower the tensile
strength by up to 85%.
• Because of the very small
structure of CNTs, the
tensile strength of the tube
is dependent on its weakest
segment in a similar
manner to a chain, where
the strength of the weakest20

21. Applications
 Nanotubes hold the
promise of creating novel
devices, such as carbon-
based single-electron
transistors, that
significantly smaller than
conventional
transistors. These maybe
used for the fabrication of
the next generation of
energy storage, super
capacitors, field emission
transistors, solar cell, and21

22.  In medicine:
applications are in bone tissue
engineering,
fluorescent and photoacoustic
imaging and biosensors etc.
 In Composite materials:
mixtures, yarns, alloys, coating
and films etc.
 In Microelectronics
Transistor, solar cells
and thermal management etc.
 In Chemical
Desalination, filters
and nanowires etc.
And many other mechanical and
optical applications
22

23. Toxicity
Available data
clearly show that,
under some
conditions,
nanotubes can
cross membrane
barriers and can
induce harmful
Cardiac amyloidosis
23

24. Hazard to health
24

25. Hazard to environment
25

26. Future Of CNTs
 These tiny tubes have big future. Research on
their chemistry is continued.
26

27. Nanochemistry
• Study and
synthesize of
nanoparticles
Nanoparticles
• Future particles
• Have wide
applications
CNTs
• Have many
properties
• Very applied
scope
Summary
27

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