OSH in Office & Occupational
Stress.
Presented by:
Assoc. Professor Abdul Shukor bin Abdullah

Workplace Safety and
Health Assessment
Process.
Presented by:
ASSOC. PROF. ABDUL SHUKOR BIN ABDULLAH
Email: prof.shukor@gmail.com

Types of Work Place Hazards
 Physical Hazards
 Mechanical Hazards
 Biological Hazards
 Chemical Hazards
 Ergonomics Hazards
 Psychosocial Hazards

Unsafe Act - Performance of a task or other activity that is
conducted in a manner that may threaten the health and/or safety
of workers.
Examples are :
Operating without qualification or authorization.
Lack of or improper use of PPE.
Failure to tagout/lockout.
Operating equipment at unsafe speed.
Failure to warn.
Bypass or removal of safety devices.
Using defective equipment.
Use of tools for other than their intended purpose.
Working in hazardous locations without adequate
protection or warning.
Improper repair of equipment.
Wearing unsafe clothing.
Sources of Ergonomics Hazards

Unsafe Condition - A condition in the work place
that is likely to cause property damage or injury.
Examples are:
Defective tools, equipment, or supplies.
Inadequate supports or guards.
Congestion in the workplace.
Inadequate warning systems.
Fire and explosion hazards.
Poor housekeeping.
Hazardous atmospheric condition.
Excessive noise.
Poor ventilation.
Sources of Ergonomics Hazards

Job Hazard Analysis

Purpose of Job Hazard Analysis
• A hazard analysis is the evaluation of the hazards
associated with an employee’s work activity
• A hazard analysis focuses on “fixing” the system or
root causes that brought the hazardous condition or
unsafe practice into the workplace
– Provides organized approach for the evaluation of
a process
– Identifies hazards, root causes and corrective
actions.
• A hazard analysis attempts to incorporate “Safe
Behavior” – Behaviour-based Safety (BBS) into the
normal operating procedures.

Hazard Analysis for OSH
Committee/Mgmt Team
• OSH Committee must:
– Identify hazards in the
workplace that could
result in injury or illness
– Evaluate the level of
risk to help determine
what controls to
implement
– Select an appropriate
solution to control the
hazard and/or protect
the employee.

Root Causes
• Potential root causes of injuries
include:
– Lack of knowledge
– Lack of physical ability
– Prior training that included
unsafe practices
– Previously unidentified
hazard
– Newly introduced hazard
resulting from process or
equipment change.

Overcoming workplace hazards
HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS
• Hierarchy of controls to mitigate risk
Use combination of one or more mitigation techniques

Engineering Controls
• Engineering controls eliminate
exposure to the hazard by:
- Isolating the employee from
the hazard
- Improving (redesign) work
area layout
- Substituting less hazardous
product
- Modifying equipment

Administrative Controls
• Administrative controls
reduce employee exposure to
a hazard by:
– Reducing the frequency of
performing the hazardous
task
– Rotating employees to
reduce exposure time
– Training employees to
recognize hazards and
employ safety practices.

Work Practices
• Work practice controls include:
– Workplace rules
– Safe & healthful work practices
– Personal hygiene
– Housekeeping and maintenance
– Procedures for specific operations

PPE
• OSHA requires employers to
provide PPE to reduce employee
exposure to hazards when
engineering and administrative
controls are not feasible or
effective
• PPE alone should not be relied on
to protect against hazards; other
uses include guards, engineering
controls, and sound manufacturing
practices.

Evaluate Effectiveness
• Assess how well the JHA process is “fixing” hazardous
conditions by:
– Updating JHAs for routine and non-routine task
– Ensuring JHAs were developed for all new processes
– Conducting routine self-inspections
– Examining Industrial Hygiene reports
– Reviewing investigation findings for injuries and near
misses
– Following up on employee concerns.
• Incorporate evaluation into Annual Program Evaluation
process.

GROUP ACTIVITIES
Job Hazards Analysis (JHA)
Safety, Health & Environmental (HSE) Risk Assessment
Fishbone Diagram Analysis
Action Plan

Safety, Health & Environmental (HSE) Risk Assessment
Task Hazards Risk
Severity
Ranking
Control
Delivering product
to customers
Drivers work alone May be unable to
call for help if
needed
2?
3?
ENGINEERING
CONTROL??
Drivers have to
occasionally
work long
hours
Fatigue, short rest
time between
shifts 5? ADMINISTRATIVE
CONTROL??
Drivers are often in
very congested
traffic
Increased chance of
collision
Longer working
hours
Drivers have to lift
boxes when
deliverying
product
Injury to back from
lifting,
reaching,
carrying, etc.
Severity
Ranking
Effect of hazard
5
4
3
2
1
Fatal injury/Death
Permanent disabling injury
Disabling injury
Injury causing time off work
First aid only

Fishbone Diagram (cause and effect)
RiskHighest Risk
2nd
Largest RiskLeast Risk
3rd
Largest Risk
Hazards
Cause
Cause
Cause
Cause
Cause
Cause
Cause
Cause
Cause

Discussion & Conclusion

Thank you.
Assoc. Professor Abdul Shukor bin Abdullah
HP: 012-2731434 Email: prof.shukor@gmail.com
HSE Blog: http://profshukor.blogspot.com/