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Proposed Mechanisms for Introducing Native Plants
in Landscaping Projects
Parks & Recreational Facilities Division, ADM
Dr. AbdulSattar Salih Al Mashhadani
Landscape Expert
‫احمللية‬‫النباتات‬‫إلدخال‬‫املقرتحة‬‫اآلليات‬
‫التجميلية‬‫الزراعة‬‫مشاريع‬ ‫يف‬
Municipal Best Practices Forum, Abu Dhabi,UAE
18-19 April 2012
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Proposed Mechanisms for Introducing Native Plants
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CONTENT
 RELATED TERMS
 PREVIOUS WORKS
 CURRENT STATUS
 FUTURE VISION
 PROPOSED MECHANISMS
 PREPARED RELIABLE NPS INDEXES FOR LANDSCAPE PROJECTS
 ESTABLISH A NATIVE PLANT RESEARCH STATION
 CHALLENGES AND DIFFICULTIES
 RECOMMENDATIONS

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Proposed Mechanisms for Introducing Native Plants
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RELATED TERMS
Native plant is a general term to describe plants endemic (exclusively native), indigenous or naturalized to a
given area in geologic time in response to physical and biotic processes characteristic of a certain region.
Endemic species are those species of plants which are found exclusively in a particular area (native to a
certain limited area). They are naturally not found anywhere else. "it is an endemic found only in this island“
The authors of “ Glossary of Expression in Biological Control” note that endemic should be used to describe a
species that "occurs constantly in an area in small numbers and the term doesn’t describe a species that is
native to only one particular area.
Indigenous species are those species which are originating and living or occurring naturally in an area or
environment. Indigenous plants are native to a specific local area of the country. , so it's a local native plant.
Indigenous Plant = Local Native Plant
An indigenous species is not necessarily endemic. In biology and ecology, endemic means exclusively native
to the Biota of a specific place. An indigenous species may occur in areas other than the one under
consideration.
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Proposed Mechanisms for Introducing Native Plants
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RELATED TERMS
Naturalized species: An intentionally or unintentionally introduced species that has adapted to and
reproduce successfully in its new environment.
So, the native plant can come from any part of our country, includes all its habitats: Coastal and
Sabkha , desert Sand sheet and dunes, mountain.
Natural landscaping (native gardening) is the use of native plants, including trees, shrubs, groundcover,
and grasses which are indigenous to the geographic area of the garden.
Non-native or Introduced species are species that have become able to survive and reproduce outside
the habitats where they evolved or spread naturally.

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Proposed Mechanisms for Introducing Native Plants
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PREVIOUS WORKS
Scientific work on the flora, vegetation and habitats of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) commenced lately,
and as Böer, B. & Chaudhary, S. A reported; Jongbloed (1987) and Western (1989) were the first monographs
on the wildlife of the UAE (Böer & Al-Ansari 1999), Western (1989) gave 501 species of higher plants for the
UAE and additional species have been reported by Karim (1991-93,1995).They added that Jongbloed listed
583 species (in his unpubl. Checklist 1996) and with the most significant additions a total of approximately
800 higher plants species were known from the UAE (Jongbloed, pers. comm. October 1999).
The most recent additions, which we considered them as reliable and applicable reference, was done by EAD
(ERWDA 2004). They confirmed the previous mentioned total (800) of higher plants species. roughly 400
species are known for AD Emirate and fixed by EAD, and they represent 255 genera and 66 families.
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Proposed Mechanisms for Introducing Native Plants
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CURRENT STATUS
 NPS that used in design work are relative rareness.
 Some more suitable NPS are using in design work
 Our greenery comprised primarily of non-native species.
 The majority of non-NPS are introduced to our landscape randomly.
 Non-NPS are high-maintenance and need substantial support systems to keep them alive.
Intentional, to sustain our natural resources, this practice has to be changed in the near future .
We can avoid all these problems if we :
 Applying estimated steps toward discovering the potential features of NPS
 Adopt the proper selection of NPS for our landscaping projects.
Alternatively, our conventional designs have to be changed gradually too. This will achieved by adopting
proper introduction to select suitable native species for new landscape designs.
Therefore, the future designs will become traditional and given a specific identification of national
landscape.
REMOVING NATIVE SPECIES FROM AN ECOSYSTEM
IS LIKE TAKING RIVETS OUT OF AN AIRPLANE WING

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Proposed Mechanisms for Introducing Native Plants
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CURRENT STATUS
Recently, we found according to EAD lists that the average
percentage of selected NPS in ornamental landscape projects
(2010 – 2012) in Abu Dhabi city is between 35 -37% .
As it turns out that the percentage of NPS in the PRFD lists of drought and salt tolerant plant species have the
same proportion (not less than 35%).
This percentage could increase if we take into account the estimate of adaptive introduced species to the
local environment conditions as well as the group of succulent species.
This percentage is distinct and has its promotional rank in the
future of the sustainable change across our existent and new
projects, after the adoption of the gradual introduction of a
variety of native species suitable for ornamental landscape
according to their environmental requirements.
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Proposed Mechanisms for Introducing Native Plants
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FUTURE VISION
Adopting a policy of cultivation of native plants that are tolerant to the local environmental conditions of Abu
Dhabi contributes to the preservation of NPS and reducing costs ,energy and environment impacts.
Benefits
 Less water consumption ( More water available for other usages).
 Less time and work ( Decreases manpower and saves energy)
 Reserve the NPS especially that are disappearing due to urbanization.
 Ensure food and shelter for birds, and other wildlife.
 Retain our own unique horticultural identity
 Strengthening capacities for drought & climate change impacts management.
In general, these processes require extensive meetings with scientific professionals
(horticulturists, Taxonomists, Ecologists ,Seed collectors, Breeders...).
Achievement of this naturalistic approach will be one of fundamentals
of environmental sustainability of natural resources.

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Proposed Mechanisms for Introducing Native Plants
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PROPOSED MECHANISMS
To achieve our vital mission, we are suggesting the following:
 Prepared reliable selective NPS indexes for landscape projects
 Establish a research station for NPS
 introducing the nursery management, planning tools, …
Our main mission is to naturalize Abu Dhabi greenery by introducing the appropriate NPS in
landscaping Projects .
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Proposed Mechanisms for Introducing Native Plants
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PREPARED RELIABLE NPS INDEXES FOR LANDSCAPE PROJECTS
In terms of total number of species in EAD lists, it noted that the best represented families are the
Poaceae (73),Leguminose ( 42) Asteraceae (37) and Chenopodiaceae (28).
The Major NP Families
Poaceae 73
Leguminose 42
Asteraceae 37
Chenopodiaceae 28

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Proposed Mechanisms for Introducing Native Plants
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PREPARED RELIABLE NPS INDEXES FOR LANDSCAPE PROJECTS
From the same lists , We noticed that the best represented Habitats (as shown below).
This result was relatively agreed by Shaltout, Kamal Hussein and others (2008) in their study
“Vegetation Analysis of Some Desert Rangelands in United Arab Emirates”.
219
216
109
54
48 12
Numbers of NPS Different Habitats
Sand Formations
Mountain & Wadis
Oases & Plantation
Offshore Island
Coastal Saline
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Proposed Mechanisms for Introducing Native Plants
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PREPARED RELIABLE NPS INDEXES FOR LANDSCAPE PROJECTS
The implementation stages of this proposal:
I. The basic preliminary stage
A) Preserve all the exist cultured and natural NS in all the lands of Abu Dhabi Emirate.
B) Relocate all the mature shrubs and trees that obstruct the elements of general safety with an Urban
areas.
II. The implementation stages:
A) Prepare NPS lists for the most appropriate species for landscaping projects, according to:
1. Their Microenvironment, including all national habitats
2. Analytical characteristics of the plants, including ornamental, aromatic, forage, pharmaceutical
poisonous, invasive species and other different manufacturing uses (as in next table).
Some of them have allelopathic behavior, Others are thorny or toxic in some of its parts or all….

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PLANTS OF VITAL IMPORTANCE
Scientific name Family
Ornamental Plants
Abutilon pannosum (G.Forst.) Schltdl. ‫الحمبوك‬
Amaranthus hybridus L. ‫رعاف‬
Arundo donax L. ‫القصب‬
Caralluma spp.
Convolvulus arvensis L. ‫العليق‬
Dianthus spp.
Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forssk.) Decne ‫المرخ‬
Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori ‫البان‬
Rumex vesicarius L. ‫الحماض‬
Malvaceae
Amaranthaceae
Gramineae
Asclepiadaceae
Convolvulaceae
Caryophyllaceae
Asclepiadaceae
Moringaceae
Polygonaceae
Aromatic plants
Cymbopogon commutatus (Steud.)Stapf
Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.)Spreng . ‫األذخر‬
Ducrosia anethifolia )DC) Boiss.
Pulicaria glutinosa Jaub.& Spach
Poaceae
Poaceae
Apiaceae
Asteraceae
Poisonous Plants
Calotropis procera ( Aiton) W.T.Aiton ‫األشخر‬
Chenopodium album L. ‫الجمل‬ ‫ركب‬
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad.
Cucumis prophetarum L.
Euphorbia granulata Forssk. ‫الخنيز‬
Euphorbia helioscopia L.
Euphorbia larica Boiss. ‫عسبج‬
Euphorbia peplis L. ‫لبينه‬
Pergularia tomentosa L.
Rhazya stricta Decne. ‫الحرمل‬
Ricinus communis L. ‫الخروع‬
Solanum nigrum L. ‫الثعلب‬ ‫عنب‬
Asclepiadaceae
Chenopodiaceae
Cucurbitaceae
Cucurbitaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Asclepiadaceae
Apocynaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Solanaceae
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Proposed Mechanisms for Introducing Native Plants
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ORNAMENTAL PLANTS (Oas)
Abutilon pannosum ‫الحمبوك‬ Dianthus cyri ‫قرنفل‬

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ORNAMENTAL PLANTS (Roc)
Rumex vesicarius ‫الحماض‬ Moringa peregrina ‫البان‬
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Proposed Mechanisms for Introducing Native Plants
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ORNAMENTAL PLANTS (Roc & Oas)
Lippia nodiflora L. michx.
Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene

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AROMATIC PLANTS
Cymbopogon commutatus Ducrosia anethifolia ‫حزا‬
(Roc) (Dun, Pl & Roc)
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Proposed Mechanisms for Introducing Native Plants
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AROMATIC PLANTS (Pl & Roc)
Pulicaria glutinosa ‫الغال‬

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POISONOUS PLANTS (Oas)
Chenopodium album ‫الجمل‬ ‫ركب‬ Solanum nigrum ‫الثعلب‬ ‫عنب‬
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POISONOUS PLANTS
Cucumis prophetarum ‫الحمار‬ ‫قشعور‬ Citrullus colocynthis ‫حنظل‬
(Pl & Roc) (Roc)

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Proposed Mechanisms for Introducing Native Plants
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PREPARED RELIABLE NPS INDEXES FOR LANDSCAPE PROJECTS
This approach can lead us to screen and sort the suitable NPS for the purposes of landscaping and
classify them according to: Their habitats, the level of drought, salt, wind tolerance ….
We have to focus an attention to the selective species with well growing for example on the sand
dunes, such as; the Ramath shrubs of Haloxylon salicornicum (Photo: Allestree Fisher) and many
others .which being most tolerant to drought and salinity.
B) there are a lot of exotic species in the current adaptive plant species used in landscaping projects,
which can be sorted and classified according to their plant categories (as in next indexes).
SALT-TOLERANT PLANTS
Index (1) Tree species
No. Family Scientific Name Arabic Name
16 Moraceae Ficus altissima ‫التين‬
17 Moraceae Ficus pumila ‫التين‬
18 Moraceae Ficus microcarpa ‫التين‬
19 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus camaldulensis ‫الكينيا‬
20 Palmaceae Cocos nucifera ‫الهند‬ ‫جوز‬ ‫أو‬ ‫نرجيل‬
21 Palmaceae Hyphaene thebaica ‫الدوم‬ ‫نخلة‬
22 Palmaceae Livistona chinensis ‫ليفيستونا‬
23** Palmaceae Phoenix dactylifera ‫نخيل‬‫التمر‬
24 Palmaceae Washingtonia filifera ‫واشنجتونيا‬
25 Palmaceae Washingtonia robusta ‫واشنجتونيا‬
26 Polygonaceae Coccoloba unifera ‫كوكولوبا‬
27 Rhamnaceae Zizphus jujuba
‫الهندي‬ ‫السدر‬
(‫جوجوبا‬)
28** Rhizophoraceae Rhizophora mucronata ‫الرايزوفورا‬
29 Tamaricaceae Tamarix articulata ‫األثل‬(‫الطرفة‬ ، ‫العبل‬)
30 Tamaricaceae Tamarix nilotica ‫األثل‬
31
Verbenaceae
Avicenniaceae
Avicennia marina ‫البحري‬ ‫القرم‬
No. Family Scientific Name Arabic Name
1 Boraginaceae Cordia sebastiana ‫المخيط‬
2 Casuarinaceae Casuarina equistifolia ‫الكازوارينا‬
3 Combretaceae Conocarpus lancifolius ‫الدمس‬(‫اليابسة‬ ‫قرم‬)
4 Combretaceae Terminalia catapa ‫اللوز‬
5 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia tirucalli ‫ايوفوربيا‬
6 Goodeniaceae Scaevola plumier
‫سكيفال‬
‫بلومير‬
7** Leguminosae
Acacia arabica
Acacia nilotica
‫العربي‬ ‫السنط‬
‫العربي‬ ‫الصمغ‬
8 Leguminosae Acacia farnesiana
‫الحلو‬ ‫السنط‬
(‫العنبر‬ ،‫الفتنة‬)
9** Leguminosae
Acacia raddiana
Syn. Acacia tortilis subsp.
raddiana
‫الكاذب‬ ‫السنط‬
(‫الطلح‬)
10 Leguminosae Albizzia lebbek ‫اللبخ‬
11
Leguminosae
Bauhinia purpurea ‫الجمل‬ ‫خف‬
12 Leguminosae Parkinsonia aculeate ‫القدس‬ ‫شوك‬
13** Leguminosae Prosopis juliflora ‫الغويف‬
14 Malvaceae Hibiscus tileaceus ‫ﺷﺟ‬‫ا‬ ‫رة‬‫ﻟﮭﺑﺳﮐ‬‫س‬
15 Malvaceae Thesbesia populena ‫الشمسية‬

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No. Family Scientific Name Name Arabic
1 Apocyanaceae Carissa grandiflora ‫كاريسا‬
2 Apocyanaceae Carissa macrocarpa ‫كاريسا‬
3** Apocyonaceae Nerium oleander ‫دفلة‬
4 Apocynaceae Plumeria alba ‫هندي‬ ‫ياسمين‬
5 Apocynaceae Plumeria rubra ‫هندي‬ ‫ياسمين‬
6 Apocyanaceae Thevetia peruviana ‫ثيفيتا‬(‫األصفر‬ ‫الحبن‬)
7** Asclepidaceae Leptadenia pyrotechnica ‫المرخ‬
8 Bignoniaceae Tecomaria capensis ‫تيكوماريا‬
9 Chenopodiaceae Anabasis setifera ‫الشنان‬ ، ‫الشعران‬
10 Chenopodirceae Atriplex halimus ‫ال‬‫الملحي‬ ‫قطف‬
11 Chenopodiaceae Atriplex leucoclada
‫أو‬ ‫األبيض‬ ‫الرغل‬
‫السوري‬
12 Combretaceae Conocarpus erectus ‫الشجيري‬ ‫الدمس‬
13 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea imperati ‫إيبوميا‬
14 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea macrantha ‫إيبوميا‬
15 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea Pes-caprae ‫إيبوميا‬
16 Leguminosae Taverniera spartea ‫تافيرنيرا‬
No. Family Scientific Name Name Arabic
17 Malvaceae Hibiscus rosa sinensis ‫الجمل‬ ‫ورد‬
18 Myrtaceae
Callistemon citrinus Stapf.
Callistemon lanceolatus
‫الزجاجة‬ ‫فرشة‬
19 Nyctaginaceae Bougainvellia glabra ‫جهنمية‬
20 Nyctaginaceae Bougainvellia hybrids ‫جهنمية‬
21 Pittoosporaceae Pittosporum tobira ‫بيتوسبورم‬
22 Puniceae Punica granatum ‫رمان‬
23** Sapindaceae Dodonaea viscosa ‫مشراس‬ ، ‫شحص‬
24 Sapotaceae Achras zapota ‫الجيكو‬(‫السبوتا‬)
25 Scrophulariaceae Leucophyllum frutescens
، ‫تكساس‬ ‫مريمية‬
‫الفضية‬ ‫الورقة‬
26** Solanaceae
Lycium arabicum
Lycium shawii
‫العوسج‬‫الغرقد‬ ،
27 Verbenaceae Clerodendron inerme ‫الكاذب‬ ‫أو‬ ‫زفر‬ ‫ياسمين‬
28 Verbenaceae Lantana camara ‫مينا‬
29 Verbenaceae Lantana montevidensis ‫مينا‬
30** Verbenaceae Vitex angus-castus ‫مريم‬ ‫كف‬
31 Tamaricaceae Tamarix aucheriana
SALT-TOLERANT PLANTS
Index (2) Shrub species
No. Family Scientific Name Arabic Name
**1 Aizoaceae Sesuvium verrucosum Raf. ‫السيسيفيم‬
**2 Amaranthaceae aerva javanica ‫راءة‬–‫غيل‬–‫ّرا‬‫ا‬
3 Boraginaceae Heliotropium curassavicum
‫سباط‬‫ساحلي‬*
، ‫خشافة‬ ، ‫ملحي‬ ‫أو‬
‫بيره‬ُ‫غ‬
4 Boraginaceae Moltkiopsis ciliata ‫الحماط‬
5 Chenopodiaceae
Arthrocnemum
macrostachyum
‫شنان‬ ،‫الخريص‬ ، ‫القالم‬
6 Chenopodiaceae Cornulaca monacantha ،‫الحاد‬ ،‫الديب‬ ‫شوك‬
7 Chenopodiaceae Halocnemum strobilaceum ‫حدادي‬ ‫حطب‬
8 Chenopodiaceae Halopeplis perfoliata ، ‫الخريزة‬‫المليح‬
9 Chenopodiaceae Salsola imbricata ‫روثة‬ ، ‫الحمض‬
10 Frankeniaceae Frankenia pulverulenta ‫ليح‬ُ‫م‬
11 Geraniaceae
Pelargonium x hortorum
Geranium x hortorum
‫جيرانيوم‬
12 Leguminosae Lotus garcinii ‫لوتس‬
13 Leguminosae Lotus halophilus
،‫العصفور‬ ‫رجل‬ ، ‫الحربث‬
‫الغزال‬ ‫قرن‬
14 Plumbaginaceae Limonium axillare
*،‫سبسب‬ ، ‫الشليل‬
‫القطف‬
15
Poaceae
( Gramineae)
Aeluropus lagopoides
‫نجيل‬ ،‫العكرش‬
‫األرنب‬ ‫رجل‬ ، ‫شيطاني‬
16 Poaceae Aristida abnormis ‫الحشائش‬ ‫من‬
**17 Poaceae Cenchrus ciliaris ‫سبط‬‫اليبيد‬ ،
18 Poaceae Cynodon dactylon ‫الثيل‬
19 Poaceae Sporobolus ioclados ‫سبوروبولس‬
20
***
Poaceae Sporobolus spicatus ‫الملح‬ ‫حشيش‬
21 Solanaceae Petunia spp. ‫بتونيا‬
22 Verbenaceae Phyla nodiflora ‫الضفدع‬ ‫ثمرة‬ ، ‫ليبيا‬
23 Zygophyllaceae Zygophyllum qatarense ‫الهرم‬
No. Family Scientific Name Arabic Name
1 Agavaceae Agave angustifolia ‫أجاف‬ ‫صبار‬
2 Agavaceae Agave neglecta ‫أجاف‬
3 Agavaceae Yucca aloifolia ‫يوكا‬
4 Agavaceae Yucca filamentosa ‫يوكا‬
5 Agavaceae Yucca gloriosa ‫يوكا‬
6 Agavaceae Yucca smalliana ‫يوكا‬
7 Agavaceae Yucca treculeana ‫يوكا‬
8 Aizoaceae Carpobrotus edulis ‫علم‬ ‫حي‬
9
Aloaceae
(Asphodelaceae)
Aloe vera ‫ألوي‬ ‫صبار‬
10 Apocynaceae Caralluma retrospiciens ‫َى‬‫ث‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫غ‬
11 Cactaceae Mammillaria seitziana ‫كروي‬ ‫صبار‬
12 Chenopodiaceae Suaeda fruticosa ‫طرطير‬
13 Chenopodiaceae Suaeda monoica ْ‫د‬‫ا‬َّ‫و‬ ُ‫س‬
14 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia lacteal ‫يوفوربيا‬
15 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia milii ‫شمعدان‬
16 Pandanceae Pandanus veitchii ‫بندانس‬‫مزكرش‬
17 Zamiaceae Zamia furfuracea ‫زاميا‬
18 Zamiaceae Zamia pumila ‫زاميا‬
SALT-TOLERANT PLANTS
Index (3) Annual &Perennial flowers& GC Index (4) some succulent species

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No. Family Scientific Name Arabic Name
1 Casuarinaceae Casuarina equistifolia ‫الكازورينا‬
2 Combretaceae Conocarpus lancifolius ‫الدمس‬(‫اليابسة‬ ‫قرم‬)
3 Combretaceae Terminalia catapa ‫اللوز‬
4** Leguminosae
Acacia arabica
Acacia nilotica
‫العربي‬ ‫السنط‬
‫العربي‬ ‫الصمغ‬
5 Leguminosae
Acacia cyanophylla
A. saligna
‫األزرق‬ ‫السنط‬(‫سيا‬
‫نوفيال‬)
6 Leguminosae Acacia farnesiana
‫الحلو‬ ‫السنط‬
(‫العنبر‬ ،‫الفتنة‬)
7** Leguminosae
Acacia raddiana
Syn.Acacia tortilis subsp.
raddiana
‫الكاذب‬ ‫السنط‬(‫الطلح‬)
8** Leguminosae Acacia tortilis
‫الشائك‬ ‫السنط‬
(‫السمر‬)
9** Leguminosae
Acacia ehrenbergiana
Acacia flava
‫السلم‬
10 Leguminosae Ceratonia siliqua ‫خروب‬
11 Leguminosae Leucaena leucocephala ‫الليوسينا‬
12 Leguminosae Parkinsonia aculeate ‫القدس‬ ‫شوك‬
13 Leguminosae Pithecellobium dulce ‫هندي‬ ‫صبار‬
14*
*
Leguminosae Prosopis farcta ‫الغاف‬
15*
*
Leguminosae Prosopis juliflora ‫الغويف‬
16*
*
Leguminosae
Prosopis spicigara
Prosopis cineraria
‫الغاف‬
17 Malvaceae Thespesia populnea ‫الشمسية‬
18 Meliaceae Azatirachtia indica ‫النيم‬
No. Family Scientific Name Arabic Name
19 Moraceae Ficus carica ‫التين‬
20 Moraceae Ficus johannis ‫البري‬ ‫التين‬
21 Moraceae Ficus nitida
‫نيتدا‬ ‫فيكس‬
(‫الغار‬ ‫تين‬)
22** Moringaceae Moringa oleifera ‫مورنجا‬
23 Oleaceae Olea europaea ‫الزيتون‬
24 Palmaceae Hyphaena thebaica ‫الدوم‬ ‫نخلة‬
25 Palmaceae Nannorrhops ritchieana ‫مزاري‬ ‫نخلة‬
26 Palmaceae Phoenix dactylifera ‫نخيل‬‫التمر‬
27 Palmaceae Washingtonia filifera ‫واشنجتونيا‬
28 Palmaceae Washingtonia robusta ‫واشنجتونيا‬
29 Rhamnaceae Zizphus jujuba
‫الهندي‬ ‫السدر‬
(‫جوجوبا‬)
30** Rhamnaceae Zizphus spina-cristi ‫سدر‬(‫نبق‬)
31** Salvadoraceae Salvadora persica
‫اآلراك‬‫المسواك‬ ‫أو‬
(‫األسنان‬ ‫فرشة‬)
32 Simmondsiaceae Simmondsia chinensis ‫الجوجوبا‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الهوهوبا‬
33** Tamaricaceae
Tamarix aphylla
Tamarix articulata
‫األثل‬(‫الطرفة‬ ، ‫العبل‬)
34** Tamaricaceae Tamarix nilotica ‫األثل‬(‫الطرفة‬ ، ‫العبل‬)
DROUGHT- TOLERANT PLANTS
Index (1) Tree species
DROUGHT- TOLERANT PLANTS
Index (2) Shrub species
No. Family Scientific Name Arabic Name
1** Amaranthaceae Aerva javanica ‫راءة‬–‫غيل‬–‫يارا‬–‫ّرا‬‫ا‬
2 Apocynaceae Adenium obesum
‫أدنة‬
(‫الصحراء‬ ‫ورد‬)
3** Apocynaceae Calotropis procera ‫عشير‬ ،‫األشخر‬
4** Apocyonaceae Nerium oleander ‫دفلة‬
5** Apocynaceae Rhazya stricta ‫الحرمل‬
6 Apocyanaceae Thevetia peruviana ‫ثيفيتا‬(‫األصفر‬ ‫الحبن‬)
7** Asclepidaceae Calotropis procera ‫عشار‬ ، ‫األشخر‬
8** Asclepidaceae Leptadenia pyrotechnica ‫المرخ‬
9** Capparaceae Dipterygium glaucum ‫الصفوي‬
10 Chenopodirceae Atriplex halimus ‫الملحي‬ ‫الرغل‬ ‫أو‬ ‫قطف‬
11 Chenopodirceae Atriplex hortensis ، ‫رغل‬‫قطف‬
12** Chenopodiaceae Haloxylon salicornicum ‫رمث‬ ، ‫رمس‬
13 Combretaceae Conocarpus erectus
،‫الشجيري‬ ‫الدمس‬
‫البازروميا‬
14 Euphorbiaceae Jatropha integerrima ‫الجاتروفا‬
15** Euphorbiaceae Ricinus communis ‫خروع‬
No. Family Scientific Name Arabic Name
16 Labiatae Rosmarinus officinalis
‫الجبل‬ ‫إكليل‬
(‫الحصلبان‬)
17** Leguminosae Senna italic ‫مكي‬ ‫سنا‬ ، ‫العشرق‬
18** Malvaceae Abutilon pannosum ‫الحمبوك‬
19 Myrtaceae Callistemon lanceolatus ‫الزجاجة‬ ‫فرشة‬
20** Nyctaginaceae Boerhavia elegans ‫شويرقة‬
21 Nyctaginaceae Bougainvellia glabra ‫جهنمية‬
22 Nyctaginaceae Bougainvellia hybrids ‫جهنمية‬
23 Nyctaginaceae Bougainvellia spectabilis ‫جهنمية‬
24
**
Polygonaceae Calligonum comosum ‫األرط‬‫القرطي‬ ، ‫ى‬
25** Sapindaceae Dodonaea viscosa ‫مشراس‬ ، ‫شحص‬
26 Scrophulariaceae Leucophyllum frutescens
، ‫تكساس‬ ‫مريمية‬
‫الفضية‬ ‫الورقة‬
27** Solanaceae
Lycium arabicum
Lycium shawii
‫العوسج‬‫الغرقد‬ ،
28 Verbenaceae Clerodendron inerme
‫أو‬ ‫الزفر‬ ‫الياسمين‬
‫الياباني‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الكاذب‬
29 Verbenaceae Lantana camara ‫مينا‬
30** Verbenaceae Vitex angus-castus ‫مريم‬ ‫كف‬

14. 3/3/2015
14
Index (3) Annual &Perennial flowers& GC Index (4) some succulent species
DROUGHT- TOLERANT PLANTS
No. Family Scientific Name Arabic Name
1 Apocyanaceae
Vinca rosea
Catharanthus roseus
‫القط‬ ‫عين‬ ، ‫فنكا‬
2** Asclepidaceae Pergularia tomentosa ‫الحمارة‬ ‫لبن‬
3** Boraginaceae Heliotropium curassavicum
‫ساحلي‬ ‫سباط‬
، ‫خشافة‬ ، ‫ملحي‬ ‫أو‬
‫بيره‬ُ‫غ‬
4 Chenopodiaceae Atriplex spp. ‫ال‬‫رغل‬
5*** Chenopodiaceae Haloxylon salicornicum ‫رمس‬
6 Commelinaceae
Setcreasea purpurea
Setcreasea pallida
، ‫المكحله‬ ، ‫سيتكريزيا‬
‫االرجواني‬ ‫القلب‬
7 Compositae Baileya multiradiata ‫الصحراوية‬ ‫القطيفة‬
8 Compositae
Senecio cineraria
Jacobaea maritima
‫شيرانيا‬
9** Cyperaceae Cyperus conglomerates ‫عندب‬ ، ‫الثنده‬
10** Leguminosae Tephrosia apollinea ‫تفروسيا‬
11** Plumbaginaceae Limonium axillare
،‫سبسب‬ ، ‫الشليل‬
‫القطف‬
12**
Poaceae
( Gramineae)
Cenchrus ciliaris ‫سبط‬‫الغراب،خافور‬ ‫رجل‬ ،
13** Poaceae Chloris gayana ‫الرودس‬ ‫حشيش‬
14** Poaceae Cynodon dactylon ‫الحشيش‬
15** Poaceae Eragrostis barrelieri
‫المتوسط‬ ‫البحر‬ ‫حشيش‬
(‫هيالقوق‬)
16** Poaceae Panicum turgidum ‫ركبة‬ ‫أبو‬ ، ‫ثمام‬
17** Poaceae Paspalum vaginatum ‫بسبالم‬
18** Poaceae Pennisetum setaceum
‫حشيشة‬ ،‫،سبت‬ ‫حلفه‬
‫النافورة‬
19** Polygonaceae Calligonum comosum ‫أرطا‬
20 Solanaceae Petunia hybrida ‫البيتونيا‬
21** Verbenaceae Phyla nodiflora ‫نموس‬ ، ‫الليبيا‬
22** Zygophyllaceae Tribulus arabicus ‫الزهرة‬
No. Family Scientific Name Arabic Name
1 Agavaceae Agave americana ‫الصبار‬
2 Agavaceae Agave spp ‫أجاف‬ ‫صبار‬
3 Aizoaceae Carpobrotus edulis ‫علم‬ ‫حي‬
4 Aizoaceae
Lampranthus roseus
Mesembryanthemum roseum
‫علم‬ ‫حي‬‫صغير‬
5 Aizoaceae Mesembryanthemum crystalinum
، ‫غاسول‬
‫علم‬ ‫حي‬
6** Aizoaceae Sesuvium portulacastrum ‫سيسفيم‬
7
Aloaceae
(Asphodelaceae)
Aloe vera ‫ألوي‬ ‫صبار‬
8** Apocynaceae Caralluma Arabica ‫َى‬‫ث‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫غ‬
9 Cactaceae Echinocactus grusonii ‫ذهبي‬ ‫كروي‬ ‫صبار‬
10 Cactaceae Mammillaria seitziana ‫كروي‬ ‫صبار‬ ، ‫ماميالريا‬
11 Cactaceae Opuntia basilaris ‫شوكي‬ ‫تين‬ ‫صبار‬
12 Cactaceae Opuntia dillenii ‫شوكي‬ ‫تين‬ ‫صبار‬
13 Cactaceae Opuntia ficus indica ‫شوكي‬ ‫تين‬ ‫صبار‬
14 Chenopodiaceae Suaeda fruticosa ‫طرطير‬
15 Chenopodiaceae Suaeda monoica ْ‫د‬‫ا‬َّ‫و‬ ُ‫س‬
16 Crassulaceae Kalanchoe blossfeldiana ‫كالنكو‬
17 Dracaenaceae Sansevieria trifasciata ‫النمر‬ ‫جلد‬ ‫صبار‬
18 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia lactea ‫يوفوربيا‬
19 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia milii ‫شمعدان‬
20 Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia tirucalli
Syn:Euphorbia viminalis
‫اللبن‬ ‫أم‬ ‫صبار‬
21 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia titymaloides ‫بيديالنتس‬
22 Liliaceae Yucca baileyi ‘Navajoa’ ‫يوكا‬
23 Liliaceae Yucca brevifolia ‫يوكا‬
24 Liliaceae Yucca carthesella ‫يوكا‬
25 Liliaceae Yucca spp. ‫يوكا‬
26 Pandanceae Pandanus utilis Bory ‫بندانس‬
27 Pandanceae Pandanus veitchii ‫مزكرش‬ ‫بندانس‬
28** Portulacaceae Portulaca grandiflora ‫الزهور‬ ‫رجلة‬
29** Portulacaceae Portulaca oleraceae ‫رجلة‬
30 Portulacaceae Portulacaria afra ‫بورتوالكاريا‬
31** Zygophyllaceae Zygophyllum spp. ‫رطريط‬
28
Proposed Mechanisms for Introducing Native Plants
in Landscaping Projects
PREPARED RELIABLE NPS INDEXES FOR LANDSCAPE PROJECTS
C) combined the lists of native and adaptive exotic species and prepared formally in order to be
adopted by related administration.
New lists have to be available to work on selected projects landscaping by developers and designers.
Circulate the new species lists to native nursery station for the purpose of trailing their proper
breeding and propagation.

15. 3/3/2015
15
29
Proposed Mechanisms for Introducing Native Plants
in Landscaping Projects
ESTABLISH A NATIVE PLANT RESEARCH STATION
Current state requires establishing a research station for the NPS (Includes a seed bank, nursery and
botanical garden).
Basic characteristics for the station:
 Availability of permanent well water source .
 Located in the area representing the whole desert habitat, close to the heart of the connected road
network between the Emirate cities.
 Its area not minimum than ​​35 hectares.
 The level of surface area is far from the level of ground water.
This station will launch the foundation and the nucleus that will rely on in making systematic change to
the common landscape species composition.
It will maintain the WATER, one of most vital factors
that limits the sustainable development in the Emirate.
30
Proposed Mechanisms for Introducing Native Plants
in Landscaping Projects
ESTABLISH A NATIVE PLANT RESEARCH STATION
Plant Production Planning
Helpful tools:
 Nursery calendars,
 Plant development registers,
 Nursery inventories and
 Records of nursery experiments.
All are needed for both production management and research.
Each plant species has to be selected on the basis of its:
 physical appearance and growth characteristics,
 cultural requirement and environmental tolerances, and
 potential for design use.

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31
Proposed Mechanisms for Introducing Native Plants
in Landscaping Projects
ESTABLISH A NATIVE PLANT RESEARCH STATION
Plant Production Planning
Essential Nursery Practices
 Worker's periodical training (weekly, monthly).
 Well Identification of NPS for ornamental purposes.
 Identify the seed treatments of each species.
 Understand the three growth phases of the plants and their requirements.
 Develop schedules for plant production .
 Establish an earlier specialized area for native mother plants.
 List space, labor, equipment, and supplies required to support the production.
 Keep written records, including a daily systematic record.
 Develop and record accurate propagation protocols to maintain the success.
As the nursery grows in size and complexity, the value of written records similarly increases
32
Proposed Mechanisms for Introducing Native Plants
in Landscaping Projects
CHALLENGES AND DIFFICULTIES
 Obtaining the acceptance and adoption of the policy of natural change in
Abu Dhabi landscape projects
 Weakness of the scientific research in related subject, in terms of the
scientific staff, space and technical equipments.
 Lack of available information about the NPS characteristics and their
suitability for landscape projects.
 Random introduction of plant species by the people, private plant
nurseries that targeting commercial purposes

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17
33
Proposed Mechanisms for Introducing Native Plants
in Landscaping Projects
RECOMMENDATIONS
 Enlightenment about the positive results of the transformation process of the cultivation of NS on
the environment and the sustainability of natural resources within the corridors of decision-makers.
 Adopt consultative approach with related partners to ensure that the ornamental curve of NPS
usage will harmonize alongside the other evolving land uses such as; Urbanization, farms
establishment, afforestation …) instead of competing with it.
 Looking to obtain official approval to adopt the process of transformation for the cultivation of local
species.
 Need to apply the legal restricted regulations governing the trading activities of whole plant
categories (Inside & Outside country) - especially by private plant nurseries.
 Public awareness about the importance of planting native species .
 Enhance all the means that work to refresh and develop the wild flora to ensure its survivability.
 Adopt our proposal to establish a research station for the NPS (Includes a seed bank, central
nursery and botanical garden).
 Invite related specialists to propose comprehensive plan for a native plant project.
34
ً‫شكرا‬
Thank You
Proposed Mechanisms for Introducing Native Plants
in Landscaping Projects