Here is a presentation important for Government and Politics studies.

2. Welcome To Our
Presentation

3. Team Members
Pritika Das Tanvir Hasan Riaz Maharun Nesa Ritu Sharif Meherab Zidan Sadia Alam Mim
Roll no: 613 Roll no: 637 Roll no: 620 Roll no: 639 Roll no: 621

4. NATIONAL POWER

5. We are going to discuss
• Definition of National Power
• Nature of National Power
• Scope of National Power
• Types of National Power
• Elements of National Power
• Methods of National Power
• Limitations of National Power

6. DEFINITION OF
NATIONAL POWER
• To understand the concept of national power, at first we have to know
what is Power?
Power is the capacity to regulate or direct the behaviour of others.
And when power is exercised by a nation is called National Power.
• What is National Power?
National power denotes the ability of a nation to influence the behaviour of other
countries to fulfil national goals. It tells us about how much powerful or weak a
particular nation is in securing its desired goals of national interest.
• Max Weber, George Catlin, H.J. Morgenthau and many others scholars accepted
national power as central to international politics.

7. America As A Superpower
TheUnitedStatesofAmericais,byany
measure,thewealthiest,mostpowerfuland
mostinfluentialcountryinthehistoryofthe
world.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bit
esize/guides/z6frqp3/revi
sion/2

8. Nature of National Power
•National power is dynamic:
•It keeps on increasing or decreasing.
•It has the ability to be generated in crises and times of need.
•National power is relative:
•It is always relative to time and resources.
•A powerful nation can become less powerful or more
powerful in future.

9. National power is the currency of
International relations:
It helps for understanding the
national Interests of a nation in
international relations.
The role that a nation is playing or
can play in international relations can
be judged by evaluation its national
power.

10.  National power is the means to secure goals of National
interest:
It can control, influence, or change the behavior of other
with a view to securing certain national interests.
It is the means for the fulfillment of the needs and aspirations
of a nation.
National power is the basis of Foreign policy:
By national power, foreign policy can be effective in securing
the goals of national interest.
The ability of the statesmen and diplomats to act and react
others is determined by the national power.
 National power is multidimensional:
It varies from nation to nation. No two nation have equal power.

11.  Study of state systems
 Study of relations among states
 Study of National Interests
 Study of International Law
 Study of Foreign Policy
 Study of International Organizations
 Study of geopolitics
 Study of Conflict Management and Conflict Resolution
Scope of National Power

12.  Study of War and Peace
 Study of Ideologies
 Study of Nationalism, Colonialism and Imperialism
 Study of Policy Making
 Study of National Character
 Study of issues related to Environmental protection
 Study of issues related to Human Rights
 Study of role of Economic factors
 Study of demographic factors
 Study of problem of terrorism

14. Power over Diplomacy:
It is through diplomacy that other forms of power are
really made effective.
It is through diplomacy that some week and poor
nations may secure prestige in the international
community.
Economic Power:
It helps not only in building and maintaining
huge military establishment but also in
controlling markets, row-materials, credit and
transportation.
It is used to exert pressure on other countries.

15. Power over Opinion:
It servers mainly political of a nation.
It is used to give false news in order to lower down the morale
the enemy and to turn other countries against him.
Military Power:
It is the last or final alternative determines
national power.
It is not only the most effective but also
the most widely used form of national
power.

16. Elements of National Power
Factors on which National Power of a nation
is dependent called the components or
elements of national power. National power
relies on the combination of so many
elements and relative factors. Here we will
discuss about some of the very important
elements of national power.

17. Geography
 The most stable element upon which a nation’s
power depends is geography. Geographical factors
such as climate, topography, location, and size play
major roles in the ability of a nation to gain national
power.
Population
Population is also an important element of national
power. Population can serve both as an asset and as
a liability. If people are well-fed, educated, and
properly trained, they can be a great source of
power.So the quality of the population is as
important as its quantity.

18. Natural Resources
 Natural resources is a remarkable element of national power.Raw
materials, agricultural products like food and fiber, forests, minerals,
waterfall, soil fertility, etc are so much important for a nation to gain
national power.It is evident that the possession of resources such as coal,
iron, uranium, oil, rubber,manganese, other ferrous and non-ferrous
metals, non-metallic minerals, and natural gas is essential to industrial and
defense production in nation-states.the availability of petroleum at
reasonable prices is important to industrial nations good economic health.
However, resources does not automatically generate power.Their proper
utilization through advanced technology is also essential.

19. Agricultural Capacity
Agriculture is a crucial element of
national power.It is more relevant for
developing countries where it tends to be
the national economy’s major
sector.Countries that can feed
themselves, especially over the course of
a long war, will be relatively more
powerful than countries that are not self-
sufficent.

20. Industrial Capacity
No nation in the present world can
become a great power unless it has
the capacity to produce tremendous
quantities of goods and services. It
can be safely said that those countries
which have both important raw
materials and developed technologies
for processing are fully developed
and powerful countries.

21. Technology
 The level of technological advancement
determines the power-status of a
nation.Technology helps a nation to have a
stronger economy, stronger industrial base,
stronger transport and communication
system, stronger military, greater capacity to
win the war, and influence nations during
peace.Now a days nuclear technology has
emerged as an important source of power
and influence in international relations.

22. Military Strength
 Military strength is a crucial component of national power.It is
relevant both in war and peace.A country with a large size of
defense forces always be relatively in a better position.Though
the quality of the army and arms ammunition is also very
crucial along with their quantity.
Leadership
Leadership has great significance to any national power
analysis because it is leadership that utilizes the national
resources to build up power.It allocates resources
between military and civilian programs.It decides the
nature of relations with other states and declares war
and peace.

23. Methods of Exercising National Power
Each nation uses its national power for
securing its national interests, and goals
of foreign policy. It is used by the nation
through four basic means Persuasion,
Rewards, Punishment and Force.

24. Persuasion
 Persuasion is a very effective method of exercising
national power. The art of persuasion consists in
defining and logically explaining a particular problem
or issue or dispute to other nations or any other
nation. An attempt is made to persuade other nations
to adopt a particular and desired view or perception
of the nature of issues involved in any bilateral or
multilateral problem or dispute or issue.Persuasion is
widely used by diplomats and statesmen for securing
the desired and defined objectives of the foreign
policy.

25. Rewards
The second popular method of exercising power is the
offering of rewards. These rewards can be material or
economic or psychological. A nation can give material
help to another nation in times of crisis or even
otherwise.The token support or grant of certain honors to
the statesmen, philosophers, artists, scientists and
educationists of other nations also serve as psychological
rewards intended to keep the other states friendly and
cooperative.

26. Punishment
 A third way of exercising power is
punishment. A powerful nation can inflict
punishment on an offending or unhelpful
state by imposing economic sanctions or
norms or policies or placing trade restrictions
or ensuring a denial of a possible reward.
Denial or reduction in foreign aid or loan or
refusal to export certain items or technology
can be used by a powerful nation for inflicting
a punishment or pressure on other nations.

27. Force
 The last method of exercising power is the actual use of force or physical
violence. By the use of military power or physical force, a powerful
nation can compel a desired change in the behaviour of another
nation.When punitive action is actually taken against another nation, it
becomes a case of use of force.
•Each nation uses these four basic means for exercising her
national power in international relations. The use of national
power is always governed by the objective of securing the
goals of national interest of the nation.

28. Limitations of National Power
Balance of Power:
By this principle, sizeable restriction is placed on the
power of a state. The existence of a number of
powers in the international arena automatically limits
the power.
International Law:
International law operates as a body of rules
having binding character on the nation states.
As such, it limits the power of nation.

29.  International Morality:
A set of norms valued by the international society also acts as limitation
power. Even though they are neither codified, nor binding, they enjoy
great sanctity. Certain values like peace, equality, mutual respect etc.
remain core element of international relations.
International Organizations:
Agency like U.N. remains a check on growing
preponderance of power. Through its
activities it checks and balances power of
nations in the international relations.

30.  World Public Opinion:
This aspect has acquired prominence in recent times
like the anti-Vietnam war protests and peace
movements have revealed what people can do in
international relations. States can no longer remain
aloof from the public opinion.
Collective Security:
A principle that emphasizes that international peace
and security is the common objective of all nations,
has limited quest for power.
Quest for leverage in different dimensions of
international life continues unabated.