2. ⢠The most frequent valvular heart disease (~25%)
⢠The most frequent cardiovascular disease after
hypertension and coronary artery disease in
Europe and North America.
⢠Aortic stenosis is present in 1.3% of people aged
65â74 years and in 4% of people older than 85
years of age
⢠Aortic sclerosis; A degenerative disease of the
aortic valve most likely represents an early stage of
aortic stenosis. (> 65 years ~ 30%)
Aortic Stenosis - Prevalence
9. Epidemiology
The prevalence of AR varied with age and disease
severity.
More than trace AR was unusual before age 50 and
then increased progressively.
âFor mild AR, the prevalence was 3.7, 12.1, and 12.2
percent in men at ages 50 to 59, 60 to 69, and 70 to
83, respectively.
The comparable values in women were 1.9, 6.0, and
14.6 percent.
11. Aortic Regurgitation:
Symptoms
⢠Dyspnea, orthopnea, PND
⢠Chest pain.
â Nocturnal angina >> exertional angina
â (ďŻ diastolic aortic pressure and increased LVEDP thus ďŻ
coronary artery diastolic flow)
⢠With extreme reductions in diastolic pressures (e.g. <
40) may see angina
12. Peripheral Signs of Severe
Aortic Regurgitation
⢠Quinckeâs sign: capillary
pulsation
⢠Corriganâs sign: water
hammer pulse
⢠Bisferiens pulse
⢠De Mussetâs sign: systolic
head bobbing
⢠Muellerâs sign: systolic
pulsation of uvula
⢠Durosierâs sign: femoral
bruits
⢠Traubeâs sign: pistol shot
femorals
⢠Hillâs sign:BP Lower
extremity >BP Upper
extremity by
â > 20 mm Hg - mild AR
â > 40 mm Hg â mod AR
â > 60 mm Hg â severe AR
13. Aortic Regurgitation:
Physical Exam
⢠Widened pulse pressure
â Systolic â diastolic = pulse pressure
⢠High pitched, blowing, decrescendo diastolic murmur at
LSB
⢠Best heard at end-expiration & leaning forward
⢠Hands & Knee position
14. Central Signs of Severe
Aortic Regurgitation
⢠Apex:
â Enlarged
â Displaced
â Hyper-dynamic
â Palpable S3
â Austin-Flint murmur
⢠Aortic diastolic
murmur
â length correlates with
severity (chronic AR)
15. Treatment
⢠The ACC/AHA guidelines > vasodilator therapy.
⢠The 2012 European Society of Cardiology
(ESC)/European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
(EACTS) guidelines recommend short-term use of
vasodilators and inotropic agents to improve the
condition of patients with severe heart failure before
proceeding with valve surgery.
⢠Antibiotic Prophylaxis :under current ACC/AHA
guidelines, the prophylactic use of antibiotics prior to
dental procedures is no longer routinely recommended
for all patients with AR.