Pesticides are substances used to control organisms that are harmful to cultivated plants or animals. They can be liquids or powders contained in glass, plastic or metal containers. Pesticides are used in agriculture to control weeds, insects and diseases. Some pesticides like DDT are also used to control vectors of diseases like malaria. Pesticides can be classified into groups based on their chemical properties or the types of pests they target such as herbicides, fungicides, insecticides etc. Formulating pesticides involves synthesizing the active ingredient and mixing it with carriers. Farmers then dilute the concentrate when applying it. While pesticides increase crop yields, some have negative environmental impacts. Alternatives like neem

1. PRESENTED BY-
AAYUSH KAR

2. What are pesticides?
It is a substance used for destroying insects or other
organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals. It can
be in liquid form or powdered form. Many pesticides can be
grouped into chemical families, biological mechanism
function.
FORMULATION Liquid , Gel, Powder, Paste , Granules, Pellets .
CONTAINERS: Glass, Plastic or
Metal Flasks, Bottles,
Drums, Traps, Plastic bags
or paper bags.

3. Used to control various pests and disease
carriers, such as mosquitoes, ticks, rats
and mice.
 Pesticides are used in agriculture to
control weeds, insect infestation and
diseases.
DDT, sprayed on the walls of houses, is an
organochlorine that has been used to
fight malaria since the 1950s.

4. PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (POPs)
Pose a different threat to humans and animals
POPs Include:
 Pesticides(DDT , Lindane , Endosulfan).
 Industrial Chemicals ( PCBs and Flame retardants).
 BY- Product( Dioxins and PAHs).
Toxic and Persistent
 Resist Degradation.
 Accumulate in Fatty tissue of humans and animals.
 Travel Long distances.
 EXAMPLE- Aldrin, Dieldrin ,Chlordane, Mirex ,Toxaphene.

5. FORMULATING THE PESTICIDE
DILUTING THE PESTICIDE

6. 1. Synthesizing the pesticide
The basic procedure entails altering an organic molecule to form a pesticide.
This may involve any of a number of specific reagents and catalysts and often
must take place in a controlled climate. Once synthesized, the active ingredient
is packaged and sent to a formulator.
2. Formulating the pesticide
A formulator accepts the active ingredient, measures out the proper
amount, mixes it with carrier if it is to be a liquid pesticide or with inert
powders or dry fertilizers if it is to be a dust pesticide, then bottles or
packages it.
3. Diluting the pesticide
The pesticide might be stored a short time before it is requested. When it is
ready for transport, the estimated necessary amount is sent to the farmer,
who dilutes the emulsified concentrate to create the amount of pesticide
desired. In most instances, the final product consists of only .5 to 1 percent
of the original active ingredient. The pesticide is now ready to be applied.

8. PESTICIDES CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO VARIOUS GROUPS……….
CHEMICALLY RELATED
PESTICIDES
Neonicotinoid pesticides
Organophosphate pesticides
Carbamate pesticides
Organochlorine insecticides
Pyrethroid pesticides
Sulfonylurea herbicides
Bio pesticides
HERBICIDES
ALGICIDES
AVICIDES
BACTERICIDES
FUNGICIDES
INSECTICIDES
MITICIDES
NEMATICIDES
RODENTICIDES
VIRUCIDES
MOLLUSCICIDES

9. Natural air fresheners should be used such as fresh flowers
instead of chemical air fresheners.
Cleaning agents should be reduced in strength and are certified
as biodegradable and environment-friendly.
Container must have tight lids and it should be made of plastic,
glass or metals.
Use protective equipment.

10.  Improving Productivity:- Tremendous benefits have been derived from the use of
pesticides in forestry, public health and the domestic sphere - and, of course, in
agriculture, a sector upon which the Indian economy is largely dependent.
 Protect Crop losses/yield reduction:- In medium land rice even under puddle conditions
during the critical period warranted an effective and economic weed control practice to
prevent a reduction in rice yield due to weeds that ranged from 28 to 48% based on
comparisons that included control (weedy) Weeds reduce yield of dry land crops43 by
37-79%.
 Vector Disease Control:- Vector-borne diseases are most effectively tackled by killing the
vectors. Insecticides are often the only practical way to control the insects that spread
deadly diseases such as malaria that results in an estimated 5000 deaths each day (Ross,
2005).
 Quality of Food: - In the countries of first world, it is now observed that a diet
containing fresh fruit and vegetables far outweigh potential risks from eating very low
residues of pesticides in crops.

11. GARLIC SPRAY- is an environment-friendly natural pesticide which
repels many pests such as aphids, spider mites, and white flies.
Not only is this natural pesticide environmentally safe but it is also
biodegradable and does not affect flavor. Don’t worry about the
garlicky smell when you first spray it. Once it dries, you won’t be
able to smell it; however, the pests will and they will stay away
from your plants

12. NEEM-derived from the seeds of the neem tree, has an active
ingredient called azadiracht in which blocks the progression of the
insect’s life cycle. Although it might take a few days for the effects
of the neem to be seen, you will notice that as soon as Neem is
applied to the plant, the insects seem to lose their appetite.
Pepper Wax - another environment-friendly natural pesticide, is a
blend of food-grade paraffin wax, herbs, and capsaicin, the active
ingredient in hot peppers. Hot pepper wax is derived from cayenne
peppers.

14. China, 1806
United States, 386
Argentina, 265
Thailand, 87
Brazil, 76
Italy, 63
France, 62
Canada, 54
Japan, 52
India,
40