brickwork

1. BRICKWORK Storyboard

2. Sections for
the module
1. About bricks – history, types
2. Other materials - cements, tools &
tackles
3. Storage, handling and testing of
materials
4. Types of bonds and brickwork
5. Procedure

3. Storage & Handling of materials
Ab hum janenge ki sabhi materials ko sahi dhang se store karna kyo jaroori hai aur alag
alag materials ko kis tarha se store kiya ja sakta hai.
Materials ko properly store karke hum materials ko damage se bacha sakte hai.
Iska dusra bada fayda yeh hai ki is se humara workspace bhi well organized dikhta
hai
Saath hi hume yeh bhi dhyaan rakhna chahiye ki agar koi bhi material damage ho
gya ho ya usme koi defect aa gya ho to use site se hata dena chahiye. Is tarha ke
materials ka use karne se brickwork ki quality pr negative effect pad sakta hai.
Aage hum bricks aur cement ki storage and handling processes ko detail main
jaanenge.

4. Storage and handling of bricks
• Bricks ko dhang se store kar k unhe damage se bachaya ja sakta hai satth hi unki quantity
ko bhi easily eastimate kiya ja sakta hai.
• Bricks ko site pr bikher kr na rakhe balki inhe jameen se kuch inch ucche ek platform pr
ek ek upar ek proper alignment main gin kar rakhna chahiye.
• Bricks ki loadind aur unloading savdhani se kare jis se ki bricks na toote aur koi nuksaan
na ho.
• Saath hi bricks ki supply ko is tarha se arrange kiya jaana chahiye ki working site pr kam
se kam agle 7 dino tk ka material available ho jis se kaam main koi rukavat na aaye.

5. Storage and handling of cement
• Ab hum jaanenge ki cement ko sahi dhang se kaise store kiya ja sakta hai.
• Cement ko hamesha water-tight aur properly design kiye gaye stores main hi rakhna
chahiye taaki cement ko namhi se aur baarish se bachaya ja sake.
• Cement ko hamesha dhartie se kam se kam 250 mm ucche ek platform par hi rakhe.
Cement ke bags ko ek ke ek kar k rakhe par dhiyaan rahe ki das se adhik bags ko is tarha
na rakhe.
• Storage se cement ko nikalte samay hamesha FIFO yani first in first out method ka use
kare. Isme pahele store kiye gaye cement ko pehele use kiya jaata hai jis se cement jyada
time tak storage main rakhe rehne k karan kharaab na ho.
• Kharaab cement ko site se hata dena chahiye jis se veh baaki materials ke sath mix na ho.

6. What is Bonds?
• Walls ko construct karne k liye jis tarha se biricks ko ek ke upar ek arrange kiya
jaata hai use hum brick bond kehte hai.
• Brickwork k liye bonds ki knowledge hona bahut important hai kyuki yeh walls
aur pillar ko stable aur majboot banana main help karta hai.
• Brickworks main kai types ke bonds ka use kiya jaata hai. Jaise ki – English
bond, Flemish bond, Header bond, Stretcher bond.
• Aage hum in bonds ke baare main detail main jaanenge aur dekhenge k bond
ka use kahan par kiya jaata hai.

7. 1. Header Bond
Types of bonds main pele hum header bond ke baare main jaanenge.
Jis type ke bond main bricks ko kuch is tarike se arrange kiya jaye ki wall ke front
part main bas bricks ka header visible ho – use header bond kaha jaata hai.
Generally, header bonds main brick ki aadhi width ke barabar overlap hota hai.
Iske liye three – quarter brickbats ka use kiya jaata hai.
Is type ke bond ka use thick yani moti aur majboot walls ke construction main
kiya jaata hai. Iska istemal curved wall ke construction main bhi kiya jaata hai.

8. 2. Stretcher Bond
Ab hum stretcher bond ke baare main jaanenge.
Is type ke bond main bricks ko kuch is tarike se arrange kiya jaye ki wall ke front view
main bricks ka bas stretcher face hi visible ho.
Yeh bond sabse simple bond mana jaata hai aur iska istemaal bhi sabse jyada kiya jaata
hai.
Is bond ka use kr k banayi gayi walls ki width brick ki aadhi width ke barabar hoti hai.
Is type k bond ka use bilkul straight and simple walls ko banana main kiya jaata hai aur
iska construction bhi bahut simple hota hai.

9. 3. English bond
Ab hum one of the strongest bond yani ki English bond k baare main jaanenge.
English bond main bricks ki do alag-alag layers layers ka use karke walls banayi jaati hai. First
layer main stretcher bricks aur second layer main header bricks rakhi jaati hai. Isme corners
main bond patterns ko complete karne k liye header layers main ‘Queen Closure’ ka bhi use
kiya jaata hai.
English bond ko walls ki strength aur stability ke liye jaan ajaata hai. Is type ke bond ke
construction ke liye skilled labours ki requirement bhi nahi hoti.
Iski super strength ke karan is bond ka use boundary walls aur bridges jaise heavy structures ke
construction main kiya jaata hai.

10. 4. Flemish bond
Last main ab hum Flemish bond ke baare main jaanenge.
Flemish bond main har layer main alternate header aur stretcher bricks ka use kiya
jaata hai. Is bond main bhi alternate layers main corner headers ke saath ‘Queen
Closer’ ka use kiya jaata hai.
Half bats and three quarter bats ka use us walls ke liye kiya jaatya hai jinki thickness
aadhi brick ki visham yaani ki odd numbers main ho, jaise ki dedh, dhai ya saadhe
teen eeton ke barabar.
Is bond ki strength English bond se kam hoti hai par is se wall ke design main sundarta
aati hai. Is type ke bond construction ke liye skilled labors bhi jaruri hote hai.

11. Procedure
of
brickwork
Procedure
Markings
and
Preparation
Mixing
sand and
cement
Preparing
surface and
bricks
Laying of
bricks
Curing and
Scaffolding

12. Procedure:
Step 1
Markings
and
Preparation
• Drawings ke according walls ki center lines ko mark
karein. Saath hi koi bhi opening jaise ki dorrs ya
windows ko bhi drawings ke according mark karein.
• Brickwork ki boundaries ko mark karne wali layer jise
demarcation layer bhi kaha jata hai, is layer ko hamesha
site engineer ke supervision main hi banaye.
• Unwanted defects se bachne ke liye parallels aur right
angles ko accurately measure karein.
• Construction shuru karne se pehele purane surface ko
clean karein aur joints ko acche se seal karein.
• Brickwork aur RCC yani Reinforced Concrete Cement ke
beech strong aur durable bond banana ke liye RCC
surface ki proper cutting hona jaroori hai. Rcc aur
brickwork ke beech cement ke paste ko acche se fill kiya
jaan chahiye.

13. Procedure:
Step 2
Mixing sand
and cement
 Pehele sukhe cement aur sand ko ek specified
proportion main acche se mix karein. Sand ke naap ke
liye lagbhag 35 liter ke box ya container ko use karein.
 Example ke liye, agar cement aur sand ka required ratio
1 is to 4 hai toh ek bag cement ko 4 bag sand ke saath
mix karein aur iske baad ismain water add karein.
 Ek time pe ek ya adhik se adhik do bags ke barabar hi
mixture prepare karein. Tayyar mixture ki quantity bas
itni hon ke isme water add karene ke 30 se 40 minutes
ke andar hi saara mixture consume ho jaye.
 Agar mortar ka mixture machine main banaya jarha hai
toh pehele sand phir cement aur last main water add
karein.

14. Procedure:
Step 3
Preparing
surface and
bricks
 Bricks ko use karne se pehele kam se kam 4 se 6 ghanta
ke liye paane main acche se dubaa kar rakhe. Surface ko
bhi acche se clean karein.
 Surface aur bricks ke beech strong bond banana ke liye
cement mixture ki ek acchi, moti layer bichaye.
 Brickwork start karne se pehele, pichle din ke brickwork
pr acche se paani ka chidkav karein aur uske baad
cement ke mixture ko apply karein jis se future main
vahan pr koi crack na pade.

15. Procedure:
Step 4
Laying of
bricks
 Bricks ko mortar ki ek layer ke upar drawings main dikhayi gyi lines, levels aur
shape ke according lagaye. Bricks ko mortar ke upar fix karte samay usper thoda
pressure lagaye jis se mortar aur birks acche se jud sale.
 Bricks ko hamesha frog up position main hi lagana chahiye aur top layer lagate
samay isko frog down position main mortar fill kr ke lagana chahiye.
 Jab Tak specify na Kiya Jaye, bricks ko hamesha English bond main hi lagaye. Half
brick width ki wall ke liye stretcher bond ka use karein.
 Bricks ki layers aur joints ek straight line main properly align hone chahiye iske
liye plumb Bob tool ka bhi use Kiya ja sakta hai.
 Ek din main 1.5 meter se jyada hight ki wall na banaye kyoki mortar ko sukhne
main samay lagta hai.Koi do portions ke beech maximum height difference 1
meter se jyada nahi hona chahiye.
 Har saathvi (seventh) layer ke baad layer ka level check Kiya Jaan chahiye. Level
check karne ke liye water tube ya phir spirit level ka bhi use Kiya jata hai.
 For 230 mm wall, one face shall be maintained in plumb. This face can be
preplanned to take all kinds of single coat of plaster. For higher thickness of
plaster, in other side which is not truly vertical can be considered.
 Faces ke joints ki thickness 12 mm se jyada nahi honi chahiye. Bricks ke beech ke
joints ko mortar se theek se fell karein aur har chauthe (4th) level ke baad
mortar ki ek moti layer lagaye.
 Buttress, counter forts, corners, junctions ko bhi main wall ke saath proper
bonding karke banaye.
 Corners must be truly horizontal with suitable bond pattern to break the vertical
joints.
 Mortar ke sookhne se pehele, face joints pr 12 se 15 mm tk ki gehrai ke cuts
lagaye jis se plastering ya pointing ke liye ek accha foundation ban sake.Yadi
plastering ki requirement nahi hi toh mortar ke surface ko ek smooth finish de.