CLASS-XI PROJECT PRACTICAL

1. DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOLAGRA
TOPIC ⇒ ATHLETICS
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
ASHISH KUMAR SINGH
XI-B
2020-2021

2. CIRTIFICATE
This is to certify that ASHISH of class XI-B of Delhi Public School, Agra has completed
his PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROJECT under my supervision and has taken proper
care and displayed utmost sincerity in completion of this project.
His project is up to the standard both in respect of its contents as per CBSE norms and
this is his original work as per my knowledge.
Mr. Ashish Verma
(Subject teacher)
Ms. Meghana Sorick Mr. R.K. Pandey
(IC- Sr. Sec.) (Principal)

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is my privilege to offer special veneration and heartiest gratitude to my valuable
teacher Mr. Ashish Verma without whose encouraging attitude, sagacious guidance and
constant relevant help. This project could never have come out with flying colors.
Words are not enough to express my sense of gratitude towards Physical Education
Department, The Principal and I/C Senior Secondary of Delhi Public School Agra for
their relevant support in the fulfillment of my objective.
Signature of student

4. INTRODUCTION
The sport of athletics involves competitive running, jumping
and throwing. The most common types of athletics competitions
are track and field, road running, cross country running, and race
walking.
The results of racing events are decided by finishing position while
the jumps and throws are won by the athlete that achieves the
highest or furthest measurement from a series of attempts.
The simplicity of the competitions, and the lack of a need for
expensive equipment, makes athletics one of the most commonly
competed sports in the world. Athletics is mostly an individual sport,
with the exception of relay races and competitions which combine
athletes' performances for a team score, such as cross country.

5. HISTORY OF ETHELITICS
Athletic contests in running, walking, jumping and throwing are among
the oldest of all sports and their roots are prehistoric. Athletics events
were depicted in the Ancient Egyptian tombs in Saqqara, with
illustrations of running at the Heb Sed festival and high jumping
appearing in tombs from as early as of 2250 BC. The Tailteann
Games were an ancient Celtic festival in Ireland, founded circa 1800
BC, and the thirty-day meeting included running and stone-
throwing among its sporting events. The original and only event at the
first Olympics in 776 BC was a stadium-length running event known
as the stadion. This later expanded to include throwing and jumping
events within the ancient pentathlon. Athletics competitions also took
place at other Panhellenic Games, which were founded later around
500 BC.

7. TRACK AND FIELD DIMNSIONS

8. TRACK AND FIELD EVENTS ARE DIVIDED
INTO FIVE CATEGORIES
 Running events
 Jumping events
 Throwing events
 Combined events
 Walks

9. KINDS OF STARTS

10. TYPES OF CROUCHED STARS
There are three main types of crouched
starts.
 Bullet Start
 Medium Start
 Elongated Start

11. BULLET START
 The first type of sprint start is called a bullet or bunch start.
 The toes of the back foot are about level with the heel of the front
foot .
 Both of the feet are placed well behind the starting line. The toe to
toe distance is said to be 25 to 30 centimetres.
 In this start, your feet are closest together, compared to the other
starts. Because your feet are close together, your legs and body
are "bunched" together.
 That is why it is called the bunched, or bullet start.

12. MEDIUM START
 The second type of sprint start is called medium start. In this the
knee of the back leg is opposite the front foot.
 The toe to toe distance said to be 40 to 55 centimeters. In this start,
the feet are closer together than the elongated start but farther
apart than the bullet start.
 Its in the middle. That's why it is called the medium start, because it
is in between the other two.

13. ELONGATED START
 The third type of sprint start is called the elongated start.
 The sprinter has their knee of the back leg level, or slightly behind
the front foot's heel.
 The toe to toe distance is 60 to 70 centimetres.
 In this start, your feet are spread out farther than the other two.
Your back leg is stretched or elongated, behind you.

14. GENERAL RULES OF ATHLETICS

15. RUNNING EVENT
 From the firing of the starter’s gun to breasting to the finishing tape, an
athlete is expected to adhere strictly to some basic rules like he/she must
start behind the start line and must remain in the lane throughout the race.
 Jumping the gun may lead to disqualification from the game.
 If a runner tried to impede the fellow athlete’s progress by blocking,
shoving or interfering to gain unfair advantage, he/she will disqualified
from the game.
 A runner must wear sneakers or athletic shoes during the game.

16. JUMPING EVENT
 In jumping events the athletes run through a runway. However, the rules
vary according to the events.
 Most jumping events has a sand pit or a pad to enable the athlete land
easily after the jump. The foot of the athlete should not touch the ground
before the jump, or else it declared a ‘scratch’ and earns him zero points.
The length of the jump measured from the jumping line to the point where
the foot touches the ground.
 If the athletes happen to fall back after landing, the distance measured is
to the contact point. The athletes are given three tries or chances and the
best try is counted.

17. THROWING EVENT
 In throwing events like Javelin Throw, Hammer Throw and short put, an
athlete is expected to aim farther than anybody else. Just like the jumping
events, only the longest throw counts here.
 Javelin is the only event that allows the participant to run. The participants
dart through a runway of 30 metres before pitching their javelin.
 In all throwing events, the object lobbed must land within a specified area.

18. IMPORTANT TOURNAMENTS AND
VENUES OF ATHLETICS

19. SPORTS AWARDS
 Dronacharya Award
 Arjuna Award
 Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award

20. DRONACHARYA AWARD
 1985 – O.M. Nambiar
 2002 – H.D. Motivala
ARJUNA AWARD
 1970 – S.J. Contractor
 1973 – Afsar Hussain
RAJIV GANDHI KHEL RATNA AWARD
 1993 – H.D. Motivala
 1993 – P.K. Garg

21. IMPORTANT PERSNALOTIES

22.  MAJOR DHYAN CHAND
 USAIN BOLT
 JESSE OWENS
 MUHAMMUD ALI
 CATHY FREEMAN
 MICHAEL PHELPS
 MARK SPITZ
 NADIA COMANECI
 EMIL ZATOPEK
 CARL LEWIS

23. SPECIFIC WARMING-UP
 Arm circles
 Jumping jacks
 Back pedalling
 Walking knee hugs
 Squats
 Side shuffles
 Lunges

24. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 https://www.google.co.in
 https://www.wikipedia.org
 https://sciencing.com
 https://rocketsciencing.blogspot.com