A lesson taken from 'My wonderful book of Social Studies'. Class 4th Social Studies Chapter-2 The Northern Mountains. A brief summary of the lesson.

1. CLASS 4TH SOCIAL STUDIES
CHAPTER 2
The northern mountains
By Anamika Mishra (PRT)
SOCIAL STUDIES

3. The northern mountains
● The Northern mountains stretch across the northern border of
India.
● These mountain ranges can be traced from Jammu and Kashmir
in the west to Arunachal Pradesh in the east.
● The Northern mountains are made up of two mountain ranges-
1. The Himalayas 2. The Karakoram ranges
● The Himalayas (meaning ‘abode of snow’) is the highest
mountain range in the world.
● Its total length is about 2,500 kms and its width is between
150-400 kms.
● Mount Everest in the Himalayas is the highest peak in the
world.
● It is 8,848 meters high.
● It is in Nepal.

4. A. Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay were the first to climb Mount Everest in 1953.
B. Bachendri Pal was the first Indian woman to climb the peak in 1984.
C. Santosh Yadav was the first woman in the world to have climbed Mount Everest twice.
A B C

5. Quick Revision
Fill in the blanks-
● ‘Himalaya’ means ‘____________ of snow’
● ________________- was the woman to climb Mount Everest
twice.

6. The Himalayan ranges
The Himalayas have three ranges-
● Himadri (The Great Himalayas)
● Himachal (The Middle Himalayas)
● Shiwalik (The Lesser Himalayas)

7. Himadri Ranges
● It is the most northerly of the Himalayas and is often referred to as the inner
or Greater Himalayas.
● The Himadri Ranges are the highest.
● The mountains have an average height of about 6000 meters from ocean level.
● In the Himadri range, a lot of glaciers are located and many rivers source are
here like Indus, Ganga, Yamuna and Brahmaputra originate from here.
● Some of the high peaks in these ranges are Kanchenjunga, Mount Everest and
Annapurna.

8. Himachal ranges
● These are the Middle Himalayan Ranges.
● They are lower than the Himadri and lie towards its south.
● The slopes of these mountains are covered with pine, chir and deodar.
● Terrace farming is done in these mountain slopes.

9. Shiwalik ranges
● The Shiwalik Ranges are the lowest.
● They lie in the extreme south of the Himalayas.
● These ranges are known for their thick forests and wild animals such as tigers,
leopards, bears and crocodiles.
● The foothills of the Shiwalik form the Terai Region.
● Most of this region lies in Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh.
● The Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand is a place of tourist interest.

10. ● In the north-east are the Purvanchal Ranges.
● They are not very high and have thick forests with a huge variety of wild
animals.
● The Garo, Khasi, Jaintia, Naga, Lushai and Mizo hills are part of this
range.
● Towards the north-west of the Himalayas lie the Karakoram mountain ranges.
● Mount Godwin Austen (K2) lies in the Karakoram range and is the second
highest peak in the world.

11. Fill in the blanks
1. Glaciers are found in the ________ Ranges.
2. _________ Region is found in the Shiwalik Ranges.

12. Life in the mountains
The Northern Mountain region includes the states of
● Jammu and Kashmir
● Uttarakhand
● Northern part of West Bengal
● Himachal Pradesh
● Sikkim
● North-Eastern states

13. Jammu and Kashmir
● It is an Union Territory now.
● Srinagar the summer capital and
Jammu the winter capital.
● Kashmiri, Dogri and Pahari
languages are spoken.
● Earn by making handicrafts from
wood and papier mâché.
● Carpets and warm pashmina shawls.
● Kashmir is cool in summer.
● The Wular Lake and the Dal lake.
● Houseboats and shikaras.
● Tourist places- Pahalgam,
Gulmarg, Amarnath Caves and the
Vaishno Devi Temple.

14. Himachal Pradesh
● Shimla is the state capital.
● People speak Punjabi, Pahari and
Kinnauri.
● Dussehra is the main festival.
● Hill stations- Shimla,
Dalhousie,Kullu and Manali.
● Most people are farmers.
● Animal rearing is popular.
● The embroidered caps are famous.

15. Uttarakhand
● Dehradun is the state capital.
● Uttarakhand is known for Garhwal
and Kumaon hills.
● Hill stations- Mussoorie,
Nainital and Ranikhet.
● Haridwar, Kedarnath, Badrinath,
Gangotri and Yamunotri are
popular religious places.

16. Multiple Choice Questions
1. Wular Lake is situated in_________
a) Jammu and Kashmir
b) Sikkim
c) Uttarakhand
d) Himachal Pradesh
2. Garhwal and Kumaon hills are situated in________
a) Mizoram
b) Uttarakhand
c) Himachal Pradesh
d) None of these

17. Sikkim
● State capital- Gangtok.
● People of this state belong to
three tribes- Lepcha, Bhutia and
Nepali.
● Orchids grow in abundance.
● High mountains and deep valleys.
● The northern part is famous for tea
gardens.
● Darjeeling is the northernmost
district and situated in the
foothills of the Himalayas.
WEST BENGAL

18. North-Eastern states
Arunachal Pradesh
● Largest state in this region.
● Itanagar is the capital city.
● The population is very less.
● People live in houses on stilts.
Manipur
● Famous for manipuri dance.
● Capital is Imphal.
● Primary occupation is farming
and weaving.
● Things made from bamboo, cane
and leather are made here.

19. Meghalaya
● Well known for receiving heaviest
rainfall in India.
● Its capital is Shillong and a famous hill
station.
● Garo, Khasi and Jaintia are the main
tribes.
● They are mainly farmers who grow rice,
jute, potatoes etc.
Mizoram
● Small north-eastern state with Aizawl as
its capital.
● Its people are called Mizos.
● They are mostly literate.
● Bamboo dance.
Nagaland
● The capital of the state is Kohima.
● People of different tribes wear shawls
with different designs and patterns that
helps to identify the tribes to which
they belong.
● Most of the people are farmers and they
grow rice, maize, millets and oranges.