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Euler’s Formula
We know the exponential function =
𝑒 𝑥 = 1 +
𝑥
1!
+
𝑥2
2!
+
𝑥3
3!
+ ⋯ , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞
& trigonometic function :
sin 𝜃 = 𝜃 −
𝜃3
3!
+
𝜃5
5!
− …………….∞………………………(1)
𝐶𝑂𝑆𝜃 = 1 −
𝜃2
2!
+
𝜃4
4
− ⋯∞………..(2)
Now, we put x=i𝜃 in the equation (1),
then
 eⅈ𝜃
= 1 +
ⅈ𝜃
1!
+
ⅈ2 𝜃2
2!
+
ⅈ3 𝜃3
3!
+
ⅈ4 𝜃4
4
+
ⅈ5 𝜃5
5!
+ ⋯ . . … … ∞
= 1 +
i𝜃
1!
−
𝜃2
2!
−
i𝜃3
3!
+
𝜃4
4!
+
𝑖𝜃5
5!
− ⋯ … … . . .∞
=(1 −
𝜃2
2!
+
𝜃4
4!
− ⋯ ⋅ ⋯ ∞ ) +i( 𝜃 −
𝜃3
3!
+
𝜃5
5! − …. ∞)
=cos 𝜃+isin 𝜃
=cis 𝜃

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Euler's function

  • 1. Euler’s Formula We know the exponential function = 𝑒 𝑥 = 1 + 𝑥 1! + 𝑥2 2! + 𝑥3 3! + ⋯ , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞ & trigonometic function : sin 𝜃 = 𝜃 − 𝜃3 3! + 𝜃5 5! − …………….∞………………………(1) 𝐶𝑂𝑆𝜃 = 1 − 𝜃2 2! + 𝜃4 4 − ⋯∞………..(2)
  • 2. Now, we put x=i𝜃 in the equation (1), then  eⅈ𝜃 = 1 + ⅈ𝜃 1! + ⅈ2 𝜃2 2! + ⅈ3 𝜃3 3! + ⅈ4 𝜃4 4 + ⅈ5 𝜃5 5! + ⋯ . . … … ∞ = 1 + i𝜃 1! − 𝜃2 2! − i𝜃3 3! + 𝜃4 4! + 𝑖𝜃5 5! − ⋯ … … . . .∞ =(1 − 𝜃2 2! + 𝜃4 4! − ⋯ ⋅ ⋯ ∞ ) +i( 𝜃 − 𝜃3 3! + 𝜃5 5! − …. ∞) =cos 𝜃+isin 𝜃 =cis 𝜃