A power point presentations on carbon nanotubes particularly its properties and applications.

1. Presented by-
Amiya Kumar Jana
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CARBON NANO TUBES:
PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS

2. 2
CONTENTS
Over Views of CNTs
Properties of CNTs
Applications of CNTs
Challenges
Summary
Sources

3. Over Views of CNTs
 What are CNTs?
o Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are allotrope of Carbon
with a cylindrical nanostructure.
o Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are best described as a
seamless cylindrical hollow fibers, comprised of a
single sheet of pure graphite (Graphene), having a
diameter of 0.7 to 50 nanometers with lengths
generally in the range of 10-100 of microns.
o Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are made by rolling up of
sheet of GRAPHENE into a cylinder.
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4. Graphene
o Graphene is basically a 2D single layer of graphite.
o Graphene is stronger and stiffer than diamond. It, however, can
be stretched like rubber.
o The C–C bond(𝑠𝑝2) length in graphene is ~0.142 nm. The
graphene sheets stack to form graphite with an inter planar
spacing of 0.335 nm,
o Roll-up Graphene Carbon Nano Tubes
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5. History & Discovery
• In June 1991, Japanese scientist
SUMIO IIJIMA NEC Laboratory in
Tsukuba found an extremely thin
needle-like material when
examining carbon materials under
an electron microscope.
• He named these materials
“carbon nanotubes” since then
name has been widely accepted.
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6. Types of Carbon Nanotubes
 Single-walled Nanotubes(SWNTS)
• A single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)
may be thought of as a single atomic layer
thick sheet of graphene rolled into a
seamless cylinder.
• Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have
a diameter of close to 3 nanometer, with a
tube length that can be many 10^4 times
longer.
 Multi-walled Nanotubes (MWNTs)
• Multi-walled nanotubes (MWNT) consist of
multiple rolled layers (concentric tubes) of
graphite.
• MWCNTs can have OD ~ 20nm, ID ~ 3nm
length can be 10^4 times longer.
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7. Structures of Carbon Nanotubes
• The structure of a single-wall carbon
nanotube is specified by the vector called
“Chiral vector”
• Depending on the chiral indices (𝑛1 ,𝑛2)
and chiral angle(ɵ) SWCNT can be –
1. Zig-Zag (ɵ = 0)
2. Arm Chair (ɵ=30)
3. Chiral (0<ɵ<30)
• Depending upon their different structures,
CNTs can exhibit metallic or
semiconducting properties.
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8. SYNTHESIS OF CARBON
NANOTUBES
 Arc Discharge Method (1991)
 Laser Ablation (1995)
 Chemical Vapor Deosition (CVD)(1993)
 HiPCo (1999)
 CoMoCat (2000)
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9. PROPERTIES OF CNTs
• Mechanical and Physical
• Electrical and Electronics Properties
• Thermal Properties
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10. Mechanical and Physical Properties
• Carbon nanotubes are the strongest and stiffest materials yet
discovered in terms of tensile strength and elastic modulus
respectively.
• This strength results from the covalent sp2 bonds formed between
the individual carbon atoms which are stronger than 3D diamond
bonds.
 Young’s Modulus :
• Lourie and Wagner experiment using bar model and reports Young’s
modulus of 2.8–3.6 TPa, for SWCNT and 1.7–2.4 TPa for MWCNT .
• Yu et al. obtained ranges from 320 to 1470 GPa (mean: 1002 GPa)
for SWCNT and from 270 to 950 GPa for MWCNT using Direct
tensile loading tests.
• The simply-supported beam model was used by Salvetat et al. to
model the deflections of individual MWCNTs; a Young’s modulus of
~1 TPa for MWCNTs.
• Wong et al using cantilevered beam model obtained modulus of
1.28 ± 0.59 TPa for MWCNTs.
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11. Stress Versus Strain Curves
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For SWCNTs For MWCNTs

12. Strength of CNTs
• Tensile load testing was
performed by Yu et al. on
SWCNT bundles and tensile
strength values ranging from 13
to 52 Gpa and maximum tensile
strain obtained was 5.3% were
reported.
• Yu et al. have also conducted
tensile testing of MWCNTs. It
was found that only the
outermost layer breaks during
the loading process. The tensile
strength corresponding to this
layer of CNT ranges from 11 to
63 GPa. 12

13. Comparison of Mechanical Properties
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 Hardness
 Wetability
 Aspect Ratio

14. Electrical and Electronics Properties
 Behaviors According to
Structure
• Chiral Vector
• If 𝑛1= 𝑛2 the nanotube is metallic
• If (n1-n2) is a multiple of 3, then
the nanotube is semiconducting
with a very small band gap,
otherwise the nanotube is a
moderate semiconductor.
 Semiconducting and Doping
 Piezoresistance
 Photoconductivity of Carbon
Nanotubes
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15. THERMAL PROPERTIES
o The thermal properties
of carbon nanotubes
are directly related to
their unique structure
and small size
 Specific Heat
 Thermal conductivity
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16. APPLICATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES
Electronic Applications of Carbon
Nanotubes
CNTs in Mechanical Field
CNT in Medicine
Other applications of CNTs
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17. Electronic Applications of Carbon
Nanotubes
• Conductive
Composites
• Electron
Emitters
• Nanoprobes
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18. Sensors
• Biomedical Industry
• Automotive Industry
• Food Industry
• Environmental Monitoring
FED Display
Template
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19. CNTs in Mechanical Field
 CNT Based Actuator
• High technology applications, including
humanoid robots, artificial and damaged
hearts, artificial limbs, medical prosthetic
devices etc
 CNT Based Composites
• Polymer matrix composite
• Ceramic matrix composite
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20. CNT in Medical
CNTs in Drug Delivery and Cancer Therapy
CNTs as Biosensors
• CNT Network Bio-Stress Sensors
• Glucose detection biosensors
• DNA detection biosensors
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21. Other applications of CNTs
 CNTs Thermal Materials
 CNTs Air and Water
Filtration
 Hydrogen Storage
 Energy Storage
 …
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22. CHALLENGES
• Despite all the research, scientists still don't fully
understand exactly how they work.
• Extremely small, so are difficult to work with.
• Currently, the process is relatively expensive to
produce the nanotubes.
• Level of purity is less in most of the synthesis
techniques.
• Challenge is in the manipulation of nanotubes.
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23. Summary
 Their phenomenal mechanical properties, and unique electronic
properties make them both interesting as well as potentially
useful in future technologies.
 Nanotechnology is predicted to spark a series of industrial
revolutions in the next two decades that will transform our lives to
a far greater extent than silicon microelectronics did in the 20th
century.
 Lack of commercially feasible synthesis and purification methods
is the main reason that carbon nanotubes are still not widely
used nowadays.
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24. Sources
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanotube
2. https://www.cheaptubes.com/carbon-nanotubes-applications/
3. www. nptel.ac.in/
4. “Carbon Nanotubes: Properties and Applications” Edited by
Michael J. O’Connell, Ph.D. Senior Research Scientist,
Theranos, Inc. Menlo Park, California.
5. “Electrical properties of Carbon Nanotubes” Kasper Grove-
Rasmussen Thomas Jorgensen, August 28, 2000.
6. "Mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes: theoretical
predictions and experimental measurements" Rodney S.
Ruoff a, Dong Qian , Wing Kam Liu.
7. “Thermal properties of carbon nanotubes and nanotube-based
materials”, J. Hone1, M.C. Llaguno, M.J. Biercuk, A.T.
Johnson, B. Batlogg, Z. Benes, J.E. Fischer.
8. “Carbon Nanotube-Based Sensors” Niraj Sinha, Jiazhi Ma,
and John T. W. Yeow.
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