Chuck Perry’s JNC session provided real-world information on how to synchronize secure defense information networks with resilient, assured PNT capabilities. He described sync strategies to prevent, defend, and mitigate GPS cyberthreats, with a focus on PNT services in mission-critical battlefield applications.

1. Achieving resilient and assured PNT in secure information networks
June 8, 2022 (9:15-9:35a) | JNC, San Diego, CA | Chuck Perry, Sync Business Development Manager NA, Oscilloquartz
Resilient PNT mandate | Ideal PNT architecture | Best PNT practices for defense-in-depth security

2. PNT* cyber threats are at an all-time high everywhere and are
growing in sophistication
*Positioning, Navigation & Timing | T enables P & N | aPNT+ (assured PNT)
Pentagon
Army
Space Force
Air Force
Navy
PNT
assurance

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3
Driven by US Federal Executive Order 13905 and UK and Euro Commissions
• PNT stands for Positioning, Navigation & Timing, and T is essential to enable P & N
• Protect government/industry critical infrastructure against PNT disruptions from GPS
jamming/spoofing and network timing cyberattacks
• Deploy resilient, assured and self-survivable PNT systems with defense-in-depth capability
• Target critical infrastructure under national security threats
• Use published resilient PNT guidelines and standard in progress
• DHS Resilient PNT Conformance Framework
• NIST Cybersecurity Framework for PNT Profile
• IEEE P1952 Resilient PNT for User Equipment Standard working group
What is the resilient PNT?
Power grids Finance Transportation Communications Data centers
resiliency levels
clock sources
1
2
3
N
multisource
1 2 3 4
next-gen
system

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Critical infrastructure under warfighting and homeland security threats
If GPS is disrupted or compromised
Finance
Communications
Power grids
Transportation Data centers
All supported by
PNT cyber
threats
GPS

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What are the PNT cyberthreats and GNSS vulnerabilities?
RARE
Cyberattacks
GPS/GNSS
receiver
Jamming
RARE
GPS/GNSS
degradation
causes
Environmental
GPS/GNSS ground
segment errors
Adjacent-band
transmitters
Spoofing
External GPS/GNSS level Internal network level
COMMON
NTP
PTP
More frequent
PNT cyber
threats
/ /
Network
interference
Client clock
Boundary
clock

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Networkwide
Sync Mgmt
WAN network
packet LAN network
Redundant timing architecture with a single GPS source
Data comm Center 1
(DC 1)
GM-A
(GNSS NTP/PTP
grandmaster time server)
Data comm Center 2
(DC 2)
PTP failover backup
cross reference monitoring
1
2
3
GPS/GNSS
GM-B
PTP
Client machine/server/VM
running critical command and
control applications
PTP
4
NTP 4 4
Client software sync
monitor
PNT
assurance
Networkwide sync
management

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WAN network
packet LAN network
“Zero-trust multisource backup” timing architecture
DC 1
ePRTC*
DC 2
PTP failover backup
Cross reference monitoring
1
3
GM-B
2
PNT backup
sources
PNT
assurance
Cesium, NIST, WR,
eLORAN, LEO, etc.
National time
standard like NIST
*Enhanced Primary
reference time clock
(GM-A + backup
sources)
1
Networkwide
Sync Mgmt
Networkwide sync
management
PTP
Client machine/server/VM
running critical command and
control applications
PTP
5
NTP 5 5
Client software sync
monitor
4

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8
WAN network
packet LAN network
“Zero-trust multi-source backup” timing architecture
DC 1
ePRTC*
DC 2
PTP failover backup
Cross reference monitoring
1
3
GM-B
2
PNT backup
sources
PNT
assurance
Cesium, NIST, WR,
eLORAN, LEO, etc.
National time
standard like NIST
*Enhanced primary
reference time clock
(GM-A + backup
sources)
1
Networkwide
Sync Mgmt
Networkwide sync
management
PTP
Client machine/server/VM
running critical command and
control applications
PTP
5
NTP 5 5
Client software sync
monitor
4
Worst
case
scenario:
GPS sats
shot down

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PPS/PPS+ToD
10MHz
BITS
SyncE
PTP
How ePRTC cesium backup timing works
GNSS MB
receiver Time/phase holdover if GPS/GNSS goes down
ePRTC+ solution: 100ns over 100 days
Anti-jam
antenna
14 days
coreSync
Optical cesium atomic clock
Multi-source
clock combiner
Grandmaster
clock
Next-Gen Optical
Cesium clock
GPS Time error
100ns
30ns
edgeSync
grandmaster
ePRTC+ solution
(functional diagram)
✓
Other sources
GPS
GPS + combiner integrated into the grandmaster

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Secure network-wide sync management
Neural AI/ML intelligence for self-survivability, end-to-end control,
visibility, resilient and assured PNT
Geolocation DCs 1 and 2 alert
PTP backup assurance to DC 2
Timing chain alert with ePRTC/
PTP backup rearrangements
DC 1 GM-A alert with ePRTC/PTP backup to DC 2
Timing topology with
ePRTC/PTP backup
Vendor-agnostic GNSS
analytics/assurance
PTP backup
ePRTC backup DC 2
DC 1
DC 2
DC 1
DC 2
DC 1 DC 2
PTP backup
ePRTC backup
DC 1
DC 2
8
6
5
3
2
1
DC 2 GM-B alert with PTP
backup from DC 1 ePRTC
4
Client sync monitor
7
Interoperability with
other command and
control systems
API
Open
interface
9
Networkwide
Sync Mgmt
Networkwide sync
management
9
• Secure communications
• MIL 5G PNT systems (land, air, sea)
• Command and control centers
• Radar event tagging system
• SATCOM ground stations
• SATCOM network operations centers

11. Thank you
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