1. INDUTRIAL POLLUTION AND
ENVIRONMENTLE DEGRADATION
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Group Members: Gandharv
Bastab chatia
Mridu paban
Asif Hussain

2. INTRODUCTION
• Although industries contribute significantly to
India’s economic growth and development, the
increase in pollution of land, water, air, noise and
resulting degradation of environment that they
have caused, cannot be overlooked. Industries are
responsible for four types of pollution:
(a) Noise (b) Air (c) Water (d) Land. The polluting
industries also include thermal power plants.

3. Noise pollution not only results in irritation
and anger, it can also cause hearing impairment,
increased heart rate and blood pressure among
other physiological effects. Unwanted sound is
an irritant and a source of stress. Industrial and
construction activities ,machinery, factory
equipment, generators,saws and pneumatic and
electric drills alsomake a lot of noise.

5. AIR POLLUTION
• Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate
matter, or biological materials that cause harm or
discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause
damage to the natural environment or built environment,
into the atmosphere. The atmosphere is a complex
dynamic natural gaseous system that is essential to support
life on planet Earth. Stratospheric depletion due to air
pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human
health as well as to the Earth's ecosystems.

7. There are two types of air pollution
{1}Natural
{2}Manmade
Natural Air pollution=Those air pollution which
causes naturally is natural air pollution, eg: forest
fire, dust storm.
Manmade Air pollution=That air pollution which
causes due to human activities is called man made
air pollution. Eg: burning of fossils fuel in industries,
vehicles and thermal plants.

8. Pollutants
A substance in the air that can cause harm
to humans and the environment is known
as an air pollutant. Pollutants can be in the
form of solid particles, liquid droplets, or
gases. In addition, they may be natural or
man-made.

9. • Factories=Factories, office buildings, homes and power-
generating stations burn fossil fuels, which cause air pollution
• Combustion Engine Exhaust=Cars, trucks, jet airplanes and
other combustion engine vehicles cause air pollution.
• Petroleum=Petroleum refineries release hydrocarbons and
various particulates that pollute the air.
• Power Lines=Some power lines are not insulated and are high
voltage. This creates air pollution.
• Pesticides=Pesticides used to kill indoor and outdoor
pests, insecticides used to kill insects and herbicides use to
kill weeds all cause air pollution.

10. • Mining Operations
• Mining causes air pollution by releasing a
variety of particles.
• Mills and Plants
• Mills and plants, include paper mills, chemical
plants, iron mills, steel mills, cement plants
and asphalt plants, release emissions into the
air causing air pollution.

11. • Effects of air pollution:
• Air pollutants cause asthama, bronchitis, and
allergic cold. Pollutant gases produce irritation in
eyes, throat and lungs.
• Reduction efforts
• There are various air pollution control
technologies and land use planning strategies
available to reduce air pollution.
• Efforts to reduce pollution from mobile sources
includes primary regulation expanding regulation
to new sources,
• Increased fuel efficiency, conversion to cleaner
fuels (such as bioethanol, biodiesel, or conversion
to electric vehicles).

12. Water pollution
• Water pollution is the contamination
of water bodies .Water pollution occurs
when pollutants are discharged directly or
indirectly into water bodies without
adequate treatment to remove harmful
compounds.
• Water pollution affects plants and organisms
living in these bodies of water. In almost all
cases the effect is damaging not only to
individual species and populations, but also
to the natural biological communities.

14. Industrial wastewater
• Some industrial facilities generate ordinary domestic
sewage that can be treated by municipal facilities.
Industries that generate wastewater with high
concentrations of conventional pollutants (e.g. oil and
grease), toxic pollutants (e.g. heavy metals, volatile
organic compounds) or other nonconventional
pollutants such as ammonia, need specialized
treatment systems. Some of these facilities can install a
pre-treatment system to remove the toxic
components, and then send the partially-treated
wastewater to the municipal system. Industries
generating large volumes of wastewater typically
operate their own complete on-site treatment systems.

15. Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from
factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and
ponds before cooling. What would be the effect on
aquatic life? Wastes from nuclear power plants, nuclear
and weapon production facilities cause cancers, birth
defects and miscarriages. Soil
and water pollution are closely related. Dumping of
wastes specially glass, harmful chemicals, industrial
effluents, packaging, salts and garbage renders the soil
useless. Rain water percolates to the soil carrying the
pollutants to the ground and the ground water also gets
contaminated.

16. • A common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as
a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers. When
water used as a coolant is returned to the natural environment
at a higher temperature, the change in temperature
decreases oxygen supply, and
affects ecosystem composition. Urban runoff–
stormwater discharged to surface waters from roads and parking
lots–can also be a source of elevated water temperatures.
• When a power plant first opens or shuts down for repair or
other causes, fish and other organisms adapted to particular
temperature range can be killed by the abrupt change in water
temperature known as "thermal shock.

17. Control of Environmental Degradation
Every litre of waste water discharged by our
industry pollutes eight times the quantity of
freshwater. How can the industrial pollution of
fresh water be reduced? Some suggestions are-
(i) minimising use water for processing by
reusing and recycling it in two or more
successive stages
(ii) harvesting of rainwater to meet water
requirements