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Be careful what you hear: Increasing motivation for change by influencing client speech Theresa B. Moyers, Ph.D. Department of Psychology Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse and Additions University of New Mexico
Motivational Interviewing: An empirically based treatment with a secret
Motivational Interviewing A Definition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
It is both person-centered and directive. How to do both? Person-centered  Directive
Engaging Person-centered  Directive
Person-centered Elements of MI: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Engaging Evoking Person-centered  Directive
Directive Element of MI: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is change talk?* ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],* Really? Are we sure?
When does change talk occur? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Why would client language during treatment sessions facilitate change? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Smoke versus Fire ,[object Object],[object Object]
How would we conceptualize such a relationship?
Does Client Change Talk Mediate MI and Drinking Outcome Relationship? Motivational Interviewing Client Change Talk Drinking Outcome Using Baron & Kinney’s model for mediation
Does Client Change Talk Mediate MI and Drinking Outcome Relationship? Motivational Interviewing Client Change Talk Drinking Outcome d=.77 Hettema, Steele & Miller, 2005
Evidence of Association Between MI and Client Change Talk  Motivational Interviewing Client Change Talk Intervention Test Catley, et al., 2006 Houck & Moyers, 2008
Does Client Change Talk Mediate MI and Drinking Outcome Relationship? Client Change Talk Drinking Outcome Mediator and  Change Test Aharonovich et al., 2009 Amrhein et al., 2003 Baer, et al., 2008 Gaume, Gmel & Daeppen, 2008 Hodgins et al., 2009 Moyers, et al., 2007 Pollack et al., 2009 Strang & McCambridge, 2008
Can we move beyond association?
Can we move beyond association?
Three Conditions for Causation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Temporal order: the advantage of sequential coding ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Premir Project ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Premir Project ,[object Object],[object Object],*thank you Reviewer 3
Premir Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Premir Results ,[object Object]
Now, that’s a nice causal chain ,[object Object]
What would stronger evidence look like?
Experimental Manipulation of Change Talk ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],Can we teach clinicians to do it?
Project ELICIT: Evaluating Client Language in Interviewing Training ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Workshop Training (n=200) MI Standard  (MI) MI with Change Talk  Emphasis (MI Plus) Coaching and Feedback Standard Coaching and Feedback  Specific to CT ,[object Object],[object Object],Evaluating Language in Clinician Interviewing Training: Project ELICIT  NIDA 021227
MI Standard ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
MI Plus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hypothesized Outcomes Change talk in Client Sessions Time MI Plus MI Only
Demographics: Elicit Wave One 38 (36.9%) In recovery 24.37 (9.64) Hours/week treating SA clients 82 (82.0%) White 9 (9.0%) African American 4 (4.0%) Other 1 (1.0%) Asian American 4 (4.0%) American Indian/ Alaska Native Ethnicity 64 (63.4%) Female 37 (36.6%) Male Sex 44.45 (10.01) Age M (SD) / n (%) Variable
Progress for Wave One ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Clinician variables from coding SCOPE for Elicit Study ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Some very preliminary results from the Elicit Project
Post Training Between Groups Global measures ,[object Object]
Post Training Between Groups Global measures ,[object Object]
What about behavior counts? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Post Training Between Groups Behavior Counts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What does this look like after 3 months? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],* The best in the business
3 month work samples for  Wave One ,[object Object],[object Object]
Let’s look at Globals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Elicit Results for 3 month work samples (Wave One) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],* 77% submitted tapes at 3 month follow up; 39 MI and 38 MI Plus
Elicit Results for 3 month work samples (Wave One) ,[object Object],[object Object],* 77% submitted tapes at 3 month follow up; 39 MI and 38 MI Plus
Evocation
Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object]
With thanks  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
With Thanks to: Tim Martin Jon Houck Jennifer Manual William Miller Lisa Glynn Kevin Hallgren Erin Tooley
HLM Analysis Plan Project ELICIT Base Post 3-month 6-month 12-month Participants (n=200) Group (n=2) Wave (n=2)
Project ELICIT: 3 month follow up data for  Wave One

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Moyers june8-plenary

  • 1. Be careful what you hear: Increasing motivation for change by influencing client speech Theresa B. Moyers, Ph.D. Department of Psychology Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse and Additions University of New Mexico
  • 2. Motivational Interviewing: An empirically based treatment with a secret
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  • 4. It is both person-centered and directive. How to do both? Person-centered Directive
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  • 13. How would we conceptualize such a relationship?
  • 14. Does Client Change Talk Mediate MI and Drinking Outcome Relationship? Motivational Interviewing Client Change Talk Drinking Outcome Using Baron & Kinney’s model for mediation
  • 15. Does Client Change Talk Mediate MI and Drinking Outcome Relationship? Motivational Interviewing Client Change Talk Drinking Outcome d=.77 Hettema, Steele & Miller, 2005
  • 16. Evidence of Association Between MI and Client Change Talk Motivational Interviewing Client Change Talk Intervention Test Catley, et al., 2006 Houck & Moyers, 2008
  • 17. Does Client Change Talk Mediate MI and Drinking Outcome Relationship? Client Change Talk Drinking Outcome Mediator and Change Test Aharonovich et al., 2009 Amrhein et al., 2003 Baer, et al., 2008 Gaume, Gmel & Daeppen, 2008 Hodgins et al., 2009 Moyers, et al., 2007 Pollack et al., 2009 Strang & McCambridge, 2008
  • 18. Can we move beyond association?
  • 19. Can we move beyond association?
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  • 27. What would stronger evidence look like?
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  • 34. Hypothesized Outcomes Change talk in Client Sessions Time MI Plus MI Only
  • 35. Demographics: Elicit Wave One 38 (36.9%) In recovery 24.37 (9.64) Hours/week treating SA clients 82 (82.0%) White 9 (9.0%) African American 4 (4.0%) Other 1 (1.0%) Asian American 4 (4.0%) American Indian/ Alaska Native Ethnicity 64 (63.4%) Female 37 (36.6%) Male Sex 44.45 (10.01) Age M (SD) / n (%) Variable
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  • 38. Some very preliminary results from the Elicit Project
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  • 52. With Thanks to: Tim Martin Jon Houck Jennifer Manual William Miller Lisa Glynn Kevin Hallgren Erin Tooley
  • 53. HLM Analysis Plan Project ELICIT Base Post 3-month 6-month 12-month Participants (n=200) Group (n=2) Wave (n=2)
  • 54. Project ELICIT: 3 month follow up data for Wave One

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. These person centered elements of MI can be (and are) hypothesized to be causal mechanisms of this treatment, in and of themselves. Previous work in our lab shows a link between therapist interpersonal skills (including empathy) and client engagement in MI. sessions. New work by Pollack has shown a relationship between the therapist’s adherence to the spirit of MI and the client’s dietary outcomes (Pollack cite).
  2. Aharonovich: cocaine, strength Hodgins: gambling, strength Baer: substance use, frequency Gaume: ER, alcohol and marijuana, frequency
  3. Differences in upper-level variables lead to changes in lower-level variables. Differences in training group will (we hope) lead to changes in variables at the participant level. Differences within participants will lead to changes in MI skill across time. We don’t expect substantial differences based on wave (we hope), but have to include it in the model to detect any effects.
  4. Hope to see something like this at the end of the study
  5. This is ugly, but then it’s demographics…
  6. Changes from post to 3 month probably represent effects of feedback and coaching
  7. Changes from post to 3 month probably represent effects of feedback and coaching
  8. Differences in upper-level variables lead to changes in lower-level variables. Differences in training group will (we hope) lead to changes in variables at the participant level. Differences within participants will lead to changes in MI skill across time. We don’t expect substantial differences based on wave (we hope), but have to include it in the model to detect any effects.