1. CREATING A CIRCULAR ECONOMY….
(WAIT YOU WANT US TO DO WHAT NOW?)
Prof Linda Godfrey
NCPC-SA Industrial Efficiency Conference - Industrial Symbiosis & Waste
Thursday, 14 September 2017, Cape Town
3. 3
So what is the Circular Economy?
It’s NOT about doing this
just more sustainably…..
Circular Economy ≠ Recycling
4. 4
“A Circular Economy aims to decouple economic
growth from the use of natural resources and
ecosystems by using those resources more effectively”
Creating an economy that is restorative and
regenerative by design – it’s a system change
26. BUREAU FINANCIAL ALLOCATIONS
“Symbiotic relationships mean creative partnerships.
The earth is to be seen neither as an ecosystem to be preserved unchanged
nor as a quarry to be exploited for selfish and short-range economic reasons,
but as a garden to be cultivated for the development of its potentialities
of the human adventure. The goal of this relationship is not
the maintenance of the status quo, but the emergence of
new phenomena and new values.”
– René Jules Dubos (1901 – 1982)
27. PRESENTATION OUTLINE
• Current Outlook
• Our Commitments
• SMME Perspectives
• Sound Waste Management Practices
• Incentives vs. Disincentives
• Recycling Enterprises Support Programme
• Conclusion
28. CURRENT OUTLOOK
0.62% contribution
to GDP1
111 Mt of waste
generated per annum
75% of waste
disposed in
landfill2
60,000 – 90,000
informal waste pickers
~110,000 formal jobs
in chemical sector
~10% annual job growth
in the private waste
economy
~35,000 formal jobs
in the waste economy
29. OUR COMMITMENTS
Transition to a low carbon economy in a manner that enhances economic growth, job
creation, sector competitiveness and business profitability.
National Development Plan
• Government’s long-term development plan
outlining its vision for 2030 to eliminate
poverty and reduce inequality
• Most relevant objectives for the Waste
sector:
Economy & employment
Environmental sustainability &
resilience
Transforming human settlements
Improving education, training &
innovation
Sustainable Development Goals
• SDG 12 clearly speaks to the
ensuring sustainable consumption
and production patterns.
• Targets include:
By 2030, achieve the sustainable
management and efficient use of
natural resources
By 2030, halve per capita global
food waste
By 2030, substantially reduce waste
generation through prevention,
reduction, recycling and reuse
30. OUR COMMITMENTS
New Growth Path (NGP)
• Government’s vision for jobs and decent
work at the centre of economic policy
• The main target is to create five million new
jobs by 2020
• Most relevant job drivers for the Waste
sectors:
• Job driver 2: Targeting more labour-
absorbing activities across the
economy
• Job driver 3: Taking advantage of new
opportunities in the knowledge and
green economies.
Mid Term Strategic Framework
• Government’s medium-term strategic
plan for the 2014-19 term.
• Overall goals are to stimulate GDP
growth, create decent work
opportunities and attract investment
• Relevant outcomes for the Waste
sectors:
• Outcome 4: Decent
employment through inclusive
economic growth
• Outcome 8: Sustainable human
settlements & improved quality
of household life
31. SMME PERSPECTIVES
• SMMEs are extrinsically motivated to participate in or adhere to sustainable
manufacturing practices.
• SMMEs view sustainable practices as potentially forming part of a long-term strategy,
it is something they perceive to only be attainable should their businesses enjoy
greater financial stability.
• Finally, SMMEs indicated that they don’t as yet see sustainable practices as a
competitive advantage, except in the instances where it is imposed upon them by
valued clients or customers.
1 SMMEs and the Green Economy: Muddy waters and murky futures (GIBS, JP Morgan, Feb 2017)
32. SOUND WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Waste Minimisation
Significant opportunities exists for enterprises to contribute towards resources efficiency by reducing
the environmental footprint of waste while promoting SA economy and creating jobs
Input &
Design
Production Distribution Use
How can we
improve product
design to save costs
and minimize non-
recyclable waste?
How can we
minimize production
and processing
inefficiencies to
reduce costs and
minimize non-
recyclable waste?
How can we
minimize waste
generated through
distribution of
products?
How can we reduce
demand for
unnecessary
products and extend
the lifetime of
products?
33. INCENTIVES VS. DISINCENTIVES
An incentive is anything (monetary or nonmonetary) that motivates a person/organisation
to undertake a particular action or choose one alternative instead of another. e.g.
reduced tariffs for sorted waste.
DISINCENTIVES
• Environmental Taxes (plastic bag levy,
waste tyre levy)
• Disposal Taxes (curb waste disposal,
increase recycling e.g. landfill tax)
INCENTIVES
• Deposit Refund Schemes
(incentive to return recyclable or
reusable items)
• Volumetric Tariffs (pricing on unit of
waste collected)
• Material Input Taxes (Increase
relative prices of virgin materials)
• Recycled Products (Subsidies for
the use of recycled content)
34. RECYCLING ENTERPRISE SUPPORT PROGRAMME
• At the Waste Summit, the Minister, Honourable Edna
Molewa said “I have called this Summit today, to
ensure that for the next two days the collective
gathered here deliberate on the theme ‘war on waste:
driving the recycling economy in South Africa’. We
must answer the following questions; What is it that
as government, industry, academia, private sector
and general public, we can do to accelerate the
recycling economy.”
• It is against this background that the Department, through
the Waste Bureau is working on the establishment of
recycling companies in South Africa.
• The Programme is intended to take forward the resolution
of the MinMEC meeting that took place on the 22nd
August 2015, regarding the establishment of the two
recycling companies per province leading to 18 recycling
companies in total.
35. RESP APPROVED PROJECTS
Reduce & Reuse Recycle Recover
22 Waste Collection, Sorting Baling Centres & Awareness Campaigns
1 C&D Waste Recycling Project
2 Waste Recovery Parks
2 Waste to Energy Plants
1 Laminated Glass Recycling
Facility
2 Material Recovery Facilities
1 Recycled Schoolbag facility
1 OTR Processing Plant
1 Waste Composting Facility
2 Hygiene & Health Care Facilities
36. CONCLUSION
• The DEA welcomes collaboration with the NCPC and supports Industry’s
commitment to realise a low carbon, resource efficient economy. As such
we encourage:
Research, Development and Innovation
Industry feedback regarding the impact of policy interventions
Support and investment in recycling and energy recovery
programmes
38. www.ncpc.co.za
NATIONAL CLEANER PRODUCTION CENTRE
SOUTH AFRICA
Industrial Symbiosis Programme & Progress
in South Africa
An Introduction
14th Sept 2017
Henry Nuwarinda & Sarah O’Carroll
Programme Team Leaders
39. www.ncpc.co.za
• Introduction to industrial symbiosis
o Definitions, examples and models
• Industrial symbiosis in South Africa
o History and motivations
o WISP, GISP and KISP
o Impact
• Future of industrial symbiosis in South Africa
Presentation Outline
40. www.ncpc.co.za
In biology:
‘An interaction between two
different organisms living in close
physical association to the
advantage of both’.
Concise Oxford Dictionary, 8th Edition
What is Industrial Symbiosis?
41. www.ncpc.co.za
What is Industrial Symbiosis? (Cont.)
Extended to industry:
Industrial symbiosis is
a resource efficiency approach
where unused or residual resources of
one company are used by another.
Materials – wood, plastics, food waste,
WEEE, metals.
Expertise – ISO 9000, ISO 14000,
OSHAS 18001, best practice.
Capacity – under-utilised equipment, lab
facilities.
Logistics – transport, warehouse
facilities, land.
Water and Energy – waste heat, steam,
borehole, process.
42. www.ncpc.co.za
What is Industrial Symbiosis? (Cont.)
LandfillRotten tomatoes
Compost
Fabric offcuts
Underfelt for
carpets
Core principle:
Industrial symbiosis aims to find
reuse and recycling solutions for
waste materials to divert waste from
landfill, while at the same time
creating real businesses benefits for
members.
43. www.ncpc.co.za
Industrial Symbiosis Advances Sustainability
• Promotes development of circular systems within the industrial sector.
• Uses the principles of the waste hierarchy.
• Creates mutual economic, environmental and social benefits for companies
involved.
Economic benefits
Increase profits.
Increase sales.
Reduce waste disposal costs.
Create enterprise development
opportunities.
Reduce raw material costs.
Environmental benefits
Reduce CO2 emissions.
Divert material from landfill.
Reduce use of virgin
resources.
Reduce hazardous waste
disposal.
Social benefits
Create jobs.
Create opportunities for
knowledge transfer and
learning.
44. www.ncpc.co.za
Two Models Exist
Co-location Model Wider Network Model
Companies do not have to be within the
same location for resource exchanges
to be viable.
Two forms:
(i) self-organised
(ii) facilitated
48. www.ncpc.co.za
GISP, KISP and WISP are free services that connect companies so that they can identify
and realise the business opportunities enabled by using unused or residual resources
(materials, energy, water, assets, logistics, expertise).
Connecting industry – Creating opportunity
South Africa’s Facilitated Industrial Symbiosis Programmes
49. www.ncpc.co.za
South Africa’s Facilitated Industrial Symbiosis Programmes
1. Build an industrial symbiosis network.
2. Facilitate the exchange of information through Business Opportunity Workshops and
one – one site visits.
3. Record and upload resources onto SYNERGieTM, an online resource management
system.
4. Support the implementation of resource matches, facilitating negotiations and
providing technical expertise.
5. Develop summary reports and case studies for implemented synergies.
6. Measuring the impact of Industrial Symbiosis.
52. www.ncpc.co.za
Impact of SA’s IS Programmes
105,000
Tonnes of waste
diverted
R28 million
Additional
revenue
R24 million
Cost
savings
>150
Jobs
created
53. www.ncpc.co.za
Impact of SA’s IS Programmes
For every R1 government invests in us we return R3 to our
network in economic benefits.
It costs us about R200 to divert a tonne of waste from landfill.
54. www.ncpc.co.za
Future of Industrial Symbiosis in South Africa
• Embedding industrial symbiosis in industry.
• Expanding industrial symbiosis activities in South Africa and beyond.
• Analysing the SYNERGieTM database to identify enterprise development
opportunities.
• Working with incubators (SAREBI and Innovation Hub) to develop new enterprises.
Some key opportunities: ash, e-waste, paper sludge, contaminated sands.