Powerpoint.ppt

1. 3-1 Anatomy and Physiology Cells

2. 3-2 Chapter 3 Cell Structure and Function

3. 3-3 Cell Characteristics Plasma Membrane Outer cell boundary Cytoplasm Cytosol Cytoskeleton Cytoplasmic inclusions Organelles Specialized structures that perform specific functions

4. 3-4 Functions of the Cell Basic unit of life Protection and support Movement Communication Cell metabolism and energy release Inheritance

5. 3-5

6. 3-6 Plasma Membrane Intracellular versus extracellular Membrane potential Glycolipids and glycoproteins Fluid-mosaic model

7. 3-7 Membrane Lipids Phospholipids form a lipid bilayer Hydrophilic (water-loving) polar heads Hydrophobic (water-fearing) nonpolar heads Cholesterol: Determines fluid nature of membrane

8. 3-8 Membrane Proteins Integral or intrinsic Extend from one surface to the other Peripheral or extrinsic Attached to either the inner or outer surfaces of the lipid bilayer

9. 3-9 Marker Molecules Allow cells to identify on another or other molecules Glycoproteins Glycolipids Examples: Immune system Recognition of oocyte by sperm cell

10. 3-10 Channel Proteins Nongated ion channels Always open Ligand gated ion channel Open in response to small molecules that bind to proteins or glycoproteins Voltage-gated ion channel Open when there is a change in charge across the plasma membrane

11. 3-11 Receptors Receptor molecules Exposed receptor site Linked to channel proteins Acetylcholine Linked to G proteins Alter activity on inner surface of plasma membrane

12. 3-12 Enzymes and Carrier Proteins

13. 3-13 Movement through the Plasma Membrane Diffusion Osmosis Filtration Mediated transport mechanisms Facilitated diffusion Active transport Secondary active transport