3. Primary Survey
A : Can speak, not tender along c-spine
B : Equal & normal breath sound, CCT –
ve
C : BP 154/94 mmHg, PR 88 bpm, no
active bleeding, Abdomen : soft, not
tender
D : E4V5M6, pupil 3 mm RTLBE
E : Marked swelling and tender at
anatomical snuff-box, no external
wound
4. Adjunct to Primary Survey
A : No need
B : No need
C : No need
D : No need
E : Film right wrist AP, lateral
5. Secondary Survey : History
Allergy : No known allergy
Medication : No current medication
Past illness : No underlying disease
Last meal : 12.00 04/10/60
Event : 5 hr PTA รถจักรยานยนต์ที่จอดไว้ล้มลง
ผู้ป่วยจะวิ่งไปจับรถ แต่ลื่นล้ม มือข้างขวา
กระแทกพื้น มีอาการปวดบวมที่มือข้างขวา
มาก ขยับนิ้วโป้งไม่ได้ นิ้วที่เหลือยังขยับได้
6. Physical Examination
V/S : BP 154/ 94 PR 88 bpm RR 20 bpm
BT 37.1 oc
GA : A middle age Thai women good
conciousness well cooperate
HEENT : Not pale conjunctivae, anicteric
sclerae, no eye hematoma, no neck
pain
Heart : Normal s1 s2, no murmur, pulse full &
regular
Lungs : Equal chest movement, trachea in
midline, equal tympanic on
percussion, equal breath sound, clear
both lungs
7. Physical Examination
Abdomen : Soft, not tender, no guarding,
no rebound tenderness.
Neurological : E4V5M6, pupil 3 mm RTLBE,
motor grade 5 all (except
effected part can’t be
evaluated due to pain),
sensory grossly intact , DTR
2+ all
Extremities : Tender at right anatomical
snuff-box with mark
swelling ,neurovascular of
distal forearm intact,
capillary refill < 2 sec no
wound, limit ROM due to pain.
13. Base of the thumb metacarpal fractures
intra-articular fractures
Bennett fracture
Rolando fracture
extra-articular fractures
14. Epidemiology
80% of thumb fractures involve the metacarpal
base
most common variant is the Bennett fracture
Base of the thumb metacarpal fractures
15. Mechanism of injury
most fractures caused by axial force applied to the
thumb
Pathoanatomy
three muscles provide deforming forces at base of
thumb
abductor pollicis longus (PIN)
extensor pollicis longus (PIN)
adductor pollicis (Ulnar n.)
the thumb has extensive CMC motion in sagittal
plane
allows for angulation up to 30 degrees in this plane
Base of the thumb metacarpal fractures
16.
17. Bennett Fracture
Intra-articular
fracture/dislocation of
base of 1st
metacarpal
characterized by volar
lip of metacarpal
based attached to
volar oblique ligament
ligament holds this
fragment in place
small fragment of 1st
metacarpal continues
to articulate with
18. Pathoanatomy
lateral retraction of distal 1st metacarpal shaft
by Abductor Pollicis Longus and adductor
pollicis
shaft pulled into adduction
metacarpal base supinated
Prognosis
better than Rolando fx
Bennett Fracture
19. Imaging
recommended views
fracture best seen with hyper-pronated thumb
view
findings
minimal joint step-off considered
Bennett Fracture
21. Operative
closed reduction and percutaneous pinning
indications
volar fragment is too small to hold a screw
anatomic reduction unstable
technique
can attempt reduction of shaft to trapezium to hold
reduction
ORIF
indications
large fragment
2mm+ joint displacement
Bennett Fracture
22. Complications
post-traumatic arthritis
there is no agreement regarding the
relationship of post-fixation joint
incongruity and post-traumatic arthritis
Bennett Fracture
23. Rolando Fracture
Intra-articular fracture
of base of 1st
metacarpal
characterized by
intra-articular
comminution
Epidemiology
less common than
Bennett fracture
Prognosis
worse than Bennett
24. Pathoanatomy
deforming forces are the same as Bennett's
fracture
volar fragment should have volar oblique
ligament attached
shaft pulled dorsally
typically the base is split into a volar and
dorsal fragment
commonly called a 'Y' fracture
often have more than two proximal fragments
Rolando Fracture
25. Treatment
Non-operative : immobilization
indications
for severe comminution, stable
start early range of motion
Rolando Fracture
26. Operative
external fixation, CRPP
indications
for severe comminution, unstable
technique
can approximate large fragments with k-wires
ORIF
most common fixation method
technique
use t-plate or blade plate
can use k-wires of fragments are too small for screw
purchase
Rolando Fracture
29. Treatment
nonoperative
spica casting
Indications : if joint is reduced and there is less
than 30 degrees of angulation
Extra-articular fracture
30. Operative
CRPP
Indications : if reduction cannot be held to result
in less than 30 degrees of angulation
outcome
these fractures typically have the best outcome
Extra-articular fracture
31. Management
Diagnosis : Rolando fracture of right wrist
Plan of treatment
On thumb spica cast
Set OR for ORIF with miniplate