Metabolic syndrome is a condition characterized by a combination of medical disorders that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. It is becoming more common among middle-aged individuals. To combat metabolic syndrome, lifestyle changes like diet, exercise and weight loss are recommended. Diet pills may help with weight loss when combined with a healthy diet and exercise, but their safety and effectiveness can vary depending on ingredients. Nutrient-drug interactions are complex and can impact drug absorption, breakdown, excretion and side effects like appetite, digestion and metabolism. Careful consideration of foods and supplements is important when taking medications.

1. Nutrition And Drugs Essay.
Nutrition And Drugs Essay. Metabolic syndrome was never a "thing" when I was a kid. I
remember when my dad and mom first actually started going to the doctor for other
reasons than being sick with a cold, etc. Now it seems that everywhere we look is a disease,
disorder, or degeneration of some body part! (We are all messed up people!) Metabolic
syndrome seems to be the new concern of the middle-aged. Please outline your
understanding of the metabolic syndrome, and provide your opinion on the medical
significance of the condition, once diagnosed. Do you believe it is a big deal, or not so much?
In your discussion please include any strategy you might use to combat this condition. Your
initial comments must be at least a full solid paragraph for each question (over 50
words).Nutrition And Drugs Essay.ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERECourse
Description: This class is primarily intended for non-science majors. It focuses on basic
nutrients and their roles in human nutrition. Topics include problems and possible
solutions of deficiency diseases, world food shortages, obesity, commonly used drugs, drug
effects on the body and drug addiction. The lab portion of the course will consist of weekly
activities that parallel lecture material.Nutrition And Drugs Essay.Course Objectives:At the
end of this course the student will be able:1. Define nutrition, nutrients, nutritional
deficiencies, and define and compare various nutritional planning guides.2. Apply
information regarding the effects of nutrients and supplements throughout the lifespan and
life changes.3. Explain the digestive process of the body and define the key terms that are
associated with the process of digestion as well as the digestive structures.4. Explain some
of the global, political and social factors that influence nutrition.5. Explain energy balance
and weight management in the body and define the important terms associated with energy
balance and weight management.6. Identify the water- and fat-soluble vitamins and their
primary functions and also identify the major and trace minerals and their primary
functions.7. Explain the role of water and electrolytes and define the key terms associated
with them, including passive transport and active transport.8. Define the key terms
associated with food safety and explain the major aspects of food safety and use reasoning,
logic and the scientific method to distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate sources of
information.9. List and describe the names, sites of activity and effects of representative
legal and illegal drugs.10. Describe the biological basis of drug action and define the major
terms associated with the biological basis of drug action.Prerequisites: College level
reading, writing and math skills. Computer literacy: student must be comfortable working
on the internet, downloading material, using e-mail and working in a content management

2. system.Two Mandatory Textbooks: Nutrition for Healthy Living. 3rd edition. Wendy Schiff.
2012. If you are not going to buy the textbook you must drop the course. Option 1: Buy NEW
paperback book with McGraw Hill Connect access [Recommended] Option 2: Buy used book
and purchase McGraw Hill Connect access separately Option 3: Buy e-book and McGraw Hill
Connect accessBSC 1025C Nutrition and Drugs Laboratory Exercises (by Whitlock, Bess,
Manis). It is a thin book found in the HCC Dale Mabry bookstore for less than $5. You are
required to bring this to lab every time including the first meeting time.Course Material:
Lecture notes for each chapter are available via Microsoft PowerPoint. Other documents are
posted in Microsoft Word. All course materials are posted in Microsoft Version 2010. Other
course materials will be viewable via an internet browser and audio
(YouTube,etc).Instructional Methods: As this is a distance learning (on-line) course the
student bears a greater responsibility for their success than in a traditional lecture based
course. Students will need strong independent study and comprehensive reading skills as
well as the ability and self-motivation to adhere to the course schedule with a minimal
amount of instructor supervision.More and more people are becoming concerned with the
way they eat and their overall wellbeing. For years, medicine and scientific research
continues to advance and there are many solutions to improve one’s body. For weight loss, a
person can exercise, diet regularly and also participate in surgery to receive weight loss
results. Diet or weight loss pills and anti-obesity drugs have become a very popular
supplements to assist in weight loss. Diet pills, as in a lot of other medications in general,
come many questions, such as are they safe for the body do they have side effects, do they
really work, and mainly if they’re consumers out there who could attest to different pills
that are out today. In order to know whether or not something is a quality product or not, is
to know how it works. The chemicals and ingredients used in creating these pills are very
important and unfortunately not every diet pill has the same ingredients. There are
different types of pills, with different effects, and conditions. The three types of weight loss
pills are appetite suppressors, metabolism regulators, and fat absorbing pills. Combining
these effects into one pill with the correct usage creates positive results. In conjunction to
eating healthy and exercising, the pills may have a great effect on one’s body.Quick
Facts…There are many types of complex drug-nutrient and food-drug interactions that can
occur in the body.Drugs and medications have the potential to produce many side effects
including changes in taste, appetite, digestion, and metabolism.While pregnant and/or
nursing, consult a physician or pharmacist before taking any medication. Drugs taken by the
mother may affect the infant.Check with a doctor or pharmacist for the proper method and
time to take medication.Refer to a physician if health problems persist.Nutrient-Drug
Interactions and FoodThe complex interaction between food, nutrients, and drugs, make it
difficult to accurately determine the exact effects of these relationships in the body. A drug
is defined as a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a disease, or
component of a medication. There are many dramatic results and problems that may be
caused by food-drug, drug-drug, and alcohol-food-drug interactions, and these vary from
person to person. Drug-nutrient interactions involve changes to a drug caused by a nutrient,
or changes to a nutrient as a result of the drug. Food-drug interactions is a broader term
that describes the effects of a drug on nutritional status. Each of these interactions may lead

3. to many complications. Table 1 summarizes several possible interactions of drugs with
foods, nutrients, supplements, or other drugs, which may produce unexpected side-effects
or cause additional health problems.Effects of Food on Drug IntakeDrug Absorption: Food
or nutrients in the stomach or intestine may act to reduce the absorption of a drug by
delaying digestion, binding to minerals found in the food, or adhering to food particles. In
other cases, the food may promote drug absorption.Drug Breakdown: Food may act to
enhance or inhibit the metabolism of certain drugs in the body.Drug Excretion: Food and
nutrients may act to alter the reabsorption and excretion of drugs from the kidney.Other
Actions: Certain food components can lead to the enhancement or opposition of the effects
of some drugs. Some examples of food and constituents found in food include: vitamins,
minerals, fat, proteins, caffeine, or alcohol.Nutrition And Drugs Essay.Effects of Drugs on
Food and NutritionNutrient Absorption: Certain drugs may increase, decrease, or prevent
nutrient absorption in the gut.Nutrient Breakdown: Drugs may speed up the metabolism of
certain nutrients, resulting in higher dietary requirements of that particular
nutrient.Nutrient Excretion: Drugs can increase or decrease the urinary excretion of
nutrients.Side Effects of Drugs and Other MedicationsTaste and Smell Alterations: Some
drugs may alter one’s ability to taste and smell certain foods. Food intake may be affected
due to alteration of taste sensation, reduced acuity to taste, or undesirable
aftertaste.Gastrointestinal (GI) Effects: Some drugs can cause irritation to the digestive tract
that includes stomach upset, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, ulcers, and gastric
bleeding. Some drugs may alter gastric acidity and damage mucosal surfaces leading to
decreased nutrient absorption.Nutrition And Drugs Essay.Appetite Changes: Alterations in
appetite may include suppression or stimulation of hunger leading to weight loss or weight
gain.Organ Toxicity: Since many drugs must pass through the liver and kidney upon
excretion, hepatotoxicity (liver damage) and nephrotoxicity (kidney damage) are of primary
concern.Metabolic Effects: Some drugs may affect blood glucose levels by stimulating the
production of glucose or inhibiting its uptake. Other drugs may inhibit insulin secretion
decrease insulin sensitivity, or increase insulin clearance from the blood. This may lead to
conditions known as hyperglycemia (high blood glucose), hypoglycemia (low blood
glucose), or diabetes. Other medications may lead to abnormal lipid levels, causing elevated
cholesterol or triglycerides.Nutrition And Drugs Essay.Table 1. Food, Nutrient, and Drug
Interactions.This table is intended to be used as a guide only. Consult a doctor or
pharmacist with all questions related to your medication. Special Note: Alcohol can increase
the effect of many drugs, and should be avoided with the use of all drugs. It also results in an
increased risk for stomach bleeding and other side effects.Condition Drug Use
Interactions/Guidelines Examples1Allergies Antihistamine To relieve or prevent the
symptoms of colds, hay fever and allergies. Food: Take with water, if GI distress occurs
consume with food.Exception: Fexofenadine/ALLEGRA. Bioavailability decreases if taken
with apple, orange, or grapefruit juice.Other drugs: Avoid taking sedativesor anti-
depressants.Avoid alcohol.
Diphenhydramine/BENADRYLFexofenadine/ALLEGRA*Loratadine/CLARITINCetirizine/ZY
RTEC*Do not take with juice.Arthritis and Pain Analgesic/Antipyretic To treat mild to
moderate pain and fever. Food: For rapid relief, take on empty stomach.Caffeine: May

4. increase the rate of absorption of the drug.Avoid alcohol.
Acetaminophen/TYLENOLTEMPRANon-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS) To
reduce, pain, feverand inflammation. Food: Take with food, water, or milk to decrease
stomach upset. With a high dose of this drug, one may need to increase consumption of
vitamin C, vitamin K, and folate.Caffeine: Limit intake.Supplements: Limit or avoid products
that affect blood coagulation (garlic, ginger, gingko, ginseng, or horse chestnut.)Avoid
alcohol. Aspirin/BAYER, ECOTRINIbuprofen/MOTRIN,
ADVILNaproxen/ANAPROX,ALEVE,NAPROSYNCorticosteroids To relieve inflamed areas of
the body, reduce swelling and itching, allergies,rheumatoid arthritis, and other conditions.
Food: Take with food or milk to decrease stomach upset. Limit grapefruit and other citrus
fruits. While taking this drug, one may need to decrease sodium, and supplement the diet
with calcium, vitamin D, K, A, C, or protein.Caffeine: Limit intake.Avoid alcohol.
Methyprednisolon/MEDROLPrednisone/DELTASONEPrednisone/ORAPREDPRELONECorti
sone acetate/CORTEFNarcotic Analgesic To provide relief for moderate to severe pain.
Food: Take with food or milk to decrease stomach upset.Avoid alcohol. Codeine combined
with acetaminophen/TYLENOLMorphine/ROXANOL, MSCONTINAsthma Bronchodilators
To treat the symptoms of bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Food: Take
with food if stomach upset occurs. High-fat meals may increase the amount of theophylline
in the body, while high-carbohydrate meals may decrease it. Different foods may have
varying effects depending on the dose form.Caffeine: Avoid eating or drinking large
amounts of foods and beverages that contain caffeine.Nutrition And Drugs Essay.Avoid
alcohol. Theophylline/SLO-BID,THEO-DUR, UNIPHYLAlbuterol/VENTOLIN,PROVENTIL,
COMBIVENTEpinephrine/PRIMATENEMISTCardio-vascular Disorders Diuretics To help
eliminate water, sodium, and chloride from the body. Food: Take on an empty stomach
since food reduces drug availability. Take with food or milk if stomach upset occurs. Since
some diuretics cause loss of potasium, calcium, and magnesium, supplementation of these
minerals may be necessary. Trimterene is known as a “potassium sparing” diuretic. When
taking triamterene avoid eating large amounts of potassium-rich foods such as bananas,
oranges and green leafy vegetables or salt substitutes. Avoid natural licorice.
Fuorsemide/LASIXTriamterene/hydrochlorothiazideDYAZIDE,
MAXZIDEHydrochlorothiazide/HYDRODIURILTrimterene/DRYENIUMBumetamide/BUMEX
Metolazone/ZAROXOLYNCholesterol Lowering Food: Take with food. Do not take with
grapefruit or other citrus fruits. Follow a diet low in cholesterol and dietary fat.Other drugs:
Do not take with the drug Cordarone (intended for abnormal heart rhythms).Avoid alcohol.
Zocor/SIMVASTATINBeta Blockers To decrease the nerve impulses to blood vessels. Food:
Take with food to increase bioavailability. Take separately from orange juice, and avoid
natural licorice. It may be necessary to decrease dietary calcium and sodium, which may
decrease absorption.Supplements: Take 2 hours before or 6 hours after calcium supplement
or antacids.Avoid alcohol.
Atenolol/TENORMINMetoprolol/LOPRESSORPropranolol/INDERALNadolol/CORGARDNitr
ates To relax blood vessels and lower the demand for oxygen by the heart. Food: Take on an
empty stomach with water to increase absorption, 1 hour before meals or 2 hours
after.Avoid alcohol. Isosorbide dinitrate/ ISORDIL,SORBITATE Nitroglycerin/NITRO,

5. NITRODUR,TRANSDERM-NITROAngiotension Converting Enzyme(ACE Inhibitors) To relax
blood vessels by preventing angiotension II a vasoconstrictor from being formed. Food:
Take catropil/CAPOTEN or moexipril/UNIVASC on an empty stomach, 1 hour before meals
(since food decreases absorption.) High fat meals decrease absorption of
quinapril/ACCUPRIL. Ensure adequate fluid intake. Avoid salt, calcium, and natural licorice.
Captopril/CAPOTENEnalapril/VASOTECLisinopril/PRINIVIL,
ZESTRILQuinapril/ACCUPRILMoexipril/UNIVASCHMG-CoA Reductase Known as “statins”
intended to lower cholesterol, and reduce the production rate of LDL (bad) cholesterol.
Food: Avoid grapefruit/related citrus with atorvastatin/LIPITOR, lovastatin/MEVACOR, and
simvastatin/ZOCOR. Lovastatin/MEVACOR should be taken with the evening meal to
enhance absorption. Decrease dietary fat and cholesterol while taking these
medications.Nutrition And Drugs Essay.Supplements: Avoid St. John’s wort.Avoid alcohol.
Atorvastatin/LIPITORFluvastatin/LESCOLLovastatin/MEVACOR
andALTOPREVPitavastatin/LivaloPravastatin/PRAVACHOLRosuvastatin/CRESTORSimvast
atin/ZOCORAnticoagulants To prevent the formation of blood clots. Food: Limit foods with
vitamin K, since it produces blood-clotting substances that reduce the effectiveness of
anticoagulants. Do not exceed the upper limit for vitamin E and A. High doses of vitamin E
(400 IU or more) may prolong clotting time and increase the risk of bleeding.Supplements:
Avoid garlic, ginger, ginko saw palmetto, and horse chestnut.Other drugs: Do not take with
Cordarone (intended for abnormal heart rhythms.) Warfarin/COUMADINInfections
Antibiotics and Antifungals To treat infections caused by bacteria and fungi. General
Guidelines: Tell the doctor ifyou experience skin rashes or diarrhea. If you are using birth
control, consult with your health care provider because some methods may not work when
taken with antibiotics. Be sure to finish all of your medication even if you start feeling
better. Take medication with plenty of water.Antibacterials/Penicillin To treat infections
caused by bacteria and fungi. Food: Take on an empty stomach, or 1 hour before or 2 hours
after food. If upset stomach occurs, take with food. Avoid guar gum.Supplements: Use
caution when taking vitamin K. Penicillin V/ VEETIDSAmoxicillin/TRIMOX,
AMOXILAmpicillin/PRINCIPEN,OMNIPENQuinolones To treat infections caused by bacteria
and fungi. Food: Take on an empty stomach 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals. If upset
stomach occurs, take with food, but not with dairy or calcium-fortified products
alone.Caffeine: Taking these medications with caffeine-containing products may increase
caffeine levels, leading to excitability and nervousness.
Ciproflaxacin/CIPROLevoflaxacin/LEVAQUINOfloxacin/FLOXINTrovafloxacin/TROVANCep
halosporins To treat infections caused by bacteria and fungi. Food: Take on an empty
stomach 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals. If upset stomach results, take with food. Take
1 hour before antacid supplement. Cefaclor/CECLORCECLOR
CDCefradroxil/DURICEFCefixime/SUPRAXCefprozil/CEFZILCephalexin/KEFLEX,KEFTABM
acrolides To treat infections caused by bacteria and fungi. Food: May take with food if
stomach upset occurs.Exceptions: Zmax should be taken on an empty stomach one hour
before or 2 hours after food. Avoid taking with citrus foods, citrus juices, and carbonated
drinks. Azithromycin/ZITHROMAX (Z-Pak, Zmax)Clarithromycin/BIAXINERYTHROMYCIN
(Ery-Tab,ERYCE)Sulfonamides To treat infections caused by bacteria and fungi. Food: Take

6. with food and at least 8 ounces of water.Avoid alcohol. Sulfamethoxazole
+trimethoprim/BACTRIM,SEPTRATetracyclines To treat infections caused by bacteria and
fungi. Food: Take on an empty stomach with 8 ounces of water. Avoid taking tetracycline
with dairy products, antacids, and vitamin supplements containing iron because they can
interfere with the medication’s effectiveness. Tetracycline/
ACHROMYCIN,SUMYCINDoxycycline/VIBRMYCINMinocycline/MINOCINNitromidazole To
treat infections caused by bacteria and fungi. Food: May take with food to decrease stomach
upset, but food decreases bioavailability.Avoid alcohol. Metronidazole/FLAGYLAntifungals
Food: Take with food to increase absorption. Do not take itraconazole/SPORANOX with
grapefruit or related citrus.Avoid alcohol.
Fluconazole/DIFLUCANKetoconazole/NIZORALtraconazole/SPORANOXMood Disorders
MonoamineOxidase (MAO)Inhibitors To treat depression, emotional and anxiety disorders.
Food: These medications have many dietary restrictions and those taking them should
follow the dietary guidelines and physician instructions very carefully. A rapid, potentially
fatal increase in blood pressure can occur if foods or alcoholic beverages containing
tyramine are consumed while taking MAO inhibitors. Avoid foods high in tyramine and
other pressor amines during drug use and for 2 weeks after discontinuation. These include
aged cheeses, aged meats, soy sauce, tofu, miso, fava beans, snowpeas, sauerkraut,
avocadoes, bananas, yeast extracts, raisins, ginseng, licorice, chocolate, and caffeine.Avoid
alcohol. Phenelzine/NARDILTranycypromine/PARNATEAnti-Anxiety Drugs To treat
depression, emotional and anxiety disorders. Food: May take with food if upset stomach
occurs. Limit grapefruit and citrus consumption.Caffeine: May cause excitability,
nervousness, and hyperactivity and lessen the anti-anxiety effects of the
drugs.Supplements: Use caution with sedative herbal products such as chamomile, kava, or
stimulants such as caffeine, guarana, or mate.Avoid alcohol.
Lorazepan/ATIVANDiazepam/VALIUMAlprazolam/XANAXAntidepressant Drugs To treat
depression, emotional and anxiety disorders. Food: These medications can be with or
without food.Avoid alcohol.
Paroxetine/PAXILSertraline/ZOLOFTFluoxetine/PROZACStimulant Food: Take with or
without meals. Limit caffeine, and ensure adequate calcium intake.
Methylphenidate/RITALINDepressant Sedative-hypnotic Food: Do not take with food, or
immediately after a meal. Zolpidem/AMBIENStomach Histamine Blockers To relieve pain,
promote healing, and prevent irritation from returning. Food: These medications can be
taken with or without food, with 8 ounces of water. A bland diet is recommended. Take drug
2 hours before an iron or antacid supplement is consumed. May decrease iron and vitamin
B12 absorption.Caffeine: Caffeine products may irritate the stomach.Nutrition And Drugs
Essay.Avoid alcohol.
Cimetidine/TAGAMETFamotidine/PEPCIDRanitidine/ZANTACNizatadine/AXIDSeizures
Anticonvulsant/Antiepileptic Therapy Food: Take with food or milk to decrease stomach
upset. Avoid grapefruit or related citrus fruits, star fruits, or pomegranate juice. Supplement
with calcium and vitamin D.Avoid alcohol. Tegretol/CARBAMAZEPINEEquetroCarbatrol1
The generic name for each drug is stated first. Brand names are in all capital letters and
represent only some examples of those medications.Nutrition And Drugs Essay.