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5G Network
Architecture Options
(Updated)
@3g4gUK
©3G4G
How did it all start?
©3G4G
• Back in 2016, Deutsche Telekom proposed 5G architecture options that can be used
to move to 5G from LTE
• The option numbers they proposed have been adopted in all discussions
• The above picture from KDDI, summarises them nicely
Option 1: SA LTE connected to EPC - Legacy
©3G4G
Option 1
eNB
(4G LTE)
EPC
S1-C
S1-U
3GPP TS 36.300: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal
Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2
SA = Standalone
NSA = Non-standalone
Option 2: SA NR connected to 5GC
©3G4G
• Only option for greenfield 5G
operators
• Full support for new 5G applications
and services including:
• Enhanced Mobile Broadband
(eMBB)
• Massive Machine-Type
Communications (mMTC)
• Ultra-reliable and Low Latency
Communications (URLLC)
• Needs multiple spectrum to provide
all above cases and also to provide
ubiquitous 5G coverage
3GPP SA Option 2
gNB
(5G NR)
5GC
NG-C
NG-U
3GPP TS 37.340: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and NR; Multi-connectivity; Stage 2
3GPP TS 38.300: NR; NR and NG-RAN Overall Description; Stage 2
Option 5: SA LTE connected to 5GC
©3G4G
• Long term vision
• Deployed in conjunction with
Option 2
• Can provide some of the benefits
that 5G NR provides in
conjunction with 5G Core.
3GPP SA Option 5
5GC
NG-C
NG-U
3GPP TS 37.340: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and NR; Multi-connectivity; Stage 2
3GPP TS 38.300: NR; NR and NG-RAN Overall Description; Stage 2
ng-eNB
(4G eLTE)
Non-standalone Terminology
©3G4G
• MR-DC: Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity
• 2 RATs (e.g. LTE and/or 5G NR) simultaneously providing connectivity to a
device or UE
• MN: Master Node
• SN: Secondary Node
3GPP TS 36.300: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal
Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2
Master and Secondary nodes with LTE & NR
©3G4G
• Note that while the secondary node control plane goes to the master
node, the secondary node user plane can go via master node or can be
connected directly
3GPP TS 37.340: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and NR; Multi-connectivity; Stage 2
3GPP TS 38.300: NR; NR and NG-RAN Overall Description; Stage 2
Option 3: NSA LTE assisted NR, connected to EPC
©3G4G
• Leverages existing 4G deployments
• Capable of creating 5G hotspots quickly
• New 5G applications and services creation
possible
Difference between 3/3A/3X
• In option 3, there is no connection from
gNB to EPC – eNB hardware upgrade is
probably required
• In option 3A, gNB has S1-U interface to
EPC but no X2. New services can be
handled by NR and X2 backhaul is easy to
meet
• Option 3X is a combination of 3 & 3A. S1-U
is available from gNB and X2 interface is
available too
3GPP NSA / “LTE Assisted” Option 3 / 3A / 3X
a.k.a. EN-DC = E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity
eNB
EPC
S1-C
S1-U
gNB
S1-U
X2-C
X2-U
3GPP TS 37.340: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and NR; Multi-connectivity; Stage 2
3GPP TS 38.300: NR; NR and NG-RAN Overall Description; Stage 2
Option 7: NSA LTE assisted NR, connected to 5GC
©3G4G
3GPP NSA / “LTE Assisted” Option 7 / 7A / 7X a.k.a.
NGEN-DC = NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity • In this case ng-eNB is the master and gNB is
secondary node.
• Next Generation CN (NGCN) has replaced EPC
• Evolved eNB and gNB connect via Xn interface
• 5G driven by capacity needs, rather than just
coverage
• New 5G applications and services creation
possible
Difference between Option 7 / 7A / 7X
• In option 7, there is no interface between gNB
and 5GC. Information flows via Xn
• In option 7A, there is no Xn interface and gNB is
connected to 5GC via NG-U interface
• Option 7X is a combination of option 7 & 7A
ng-eNB
NG-C
NG-U
gNB
NG-U
Xn-C
Xn-U
5GC
3GPP TS 37.340: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and NR; Multi-connectivity; Stage 2
3GPP TS 38.300: NR; NR and NG-RAN Overall Description; Stage 2
Option 4: NSA NR assisted LTE, connected to 5GC
©3G4G
• Next Generation CN (NGCN) has
replaced EPC
• 5G driven by capacity needs, rather
than just coverage
• New 5G applications and services
creation possible
Difference between Option 4 & 4A
• In Option 4, there is no direct
connectivity between ng-eNB and 5GC.
All information flows via Xn interface
• In Option 4A, there is no Xn interface
between ng-eNB and gNB. ng-eNB is
connected to 5GC via NG-U interface.
3GPP NSA / “NR Assisted” Option 4 / 4A
a.k.a. NE-DC = NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity
ng-eNB
NG-C
NG-U
gNB
NG-U
Xn-C
Xn-U
5GC
3GPP TS 37.340: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and NR; Multi-connectivity; Stage 2
3GPP TS 38.300: NR; NR and NG-RAN Overall Description; Stage 2
5G Deployment Options and Migration Strategy
©3G4G
EPC 5GC (NGCN)
SA
NSA
eNB EPC
Option 1: SA LTE connected to EPC Option 2: SA NR connected to 5GC
(Standalone)
(Non-Standalone)
[Dual Connectivity]
ng-eNBgNB 5GC
Option 5: SA LTE connected to 5GC
Option 3: NSA LTE assisted NR
connected to EPC
Option 4: NSA NR assisted LTE
connected to 5GC
Option 7: NSA LTE assisted NR
connected to 5GC
Migration
Strategy Option 1
↗ Option 2
↘ Option 3
Option 3
↗ Option 7
↘ Option 5
Option 3
↗ Option 3
↘ Option 2
Option 3
↗ Option 4
↘ Option 2
[EN-DC] [NE-DC] [NGEN-DC]
5GC
5GC
gNB
ng-eNB
5GC
gNB
ng-eNB
EPC
eNB
gNB
More in-depth study of 5G Architecture Options
©3G4G
GSMA: Road to 5G: Introduction and Migration Whitepaper
KT’s 5G Network Migration Plan, Aug 2018
©3G4G
GSMA: Road to 5G: Introduction and Migration Whitepaper
LGU+ 5G Migration Strategy, May 2018
©3G4G
KDDI’s 5G Migration View, May 2018
©3G4G
Samsung’s 5G Architecture Options, May 2018
©3G4G
Ericsson’s 5G Architecture Vision, May 2018
©3G4G
Telefonica’s 5G plan, May 2018
©3G4G
Andy Sutton, BT, May 2018
©3G4G
MediaTek view, August 2018
©3G4G
Further Reading
©3G4G
• The 3G4G Blog: 5G New Radio (NR), Architecture options and migration
from LTE
• The 3G4G Blog: 5G Architecture Options for Deployments?
• GSMA: Road to 5G: Introduction and Migration Whitepaper
• 3G4G Small Cells Blog: Dual-connectivity, Bearer split and other
Release-12 small cell enhancements
Thank You
To learn more, visit:
3G4G Website – http://www.3g4g.co.uk/
3G4G Blog – http://blog.3g4g.co.uk/
3G4G Small Cells Blog – http://smallcells.3g4g.co.uk/
Operator Watch - http://operatorwatch.3g4g.co.uk/
Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/3g4gUK
Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/3g4gUK/
Follow us on Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company/3g4g
Follow us on Slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
Follow us on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
©3G4G

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Intermediate: 5G Network Architecture Options (Updated)

  • 3. How did it all start? ©3G4G • Back in 2016, Deutsche Telekom proposed 5G architecture options that can be used to move to 5G from LTE • The option numbers they proposed have been adopted in all discussions • The above picture from KDDI, summarises them nicely
  • 4. Option 1: SA LTE connected to EPC - Legacy ©3G4G Option 1 eNB (4G LTE) EPC S1-C S1-U 3GPP TS 36.300: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 SA = Standalone NSA = Non-standalone
  • 5. Option 2: SA NR connected to 5GC ©3G4G • Only option for greenfield 5G operators • Full support for new 5G applications and services including: • Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) • Massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC) • Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) • Needs multiple spectrum to provide all above cases and also to provide ubiquitous 5G coverage 3GPP SA Option 2 gNB (5G NR) 5GC NG-C NG-U 3GPP TS 37.340: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and NR; Multi-connectivity; Stage 2 3GPP TS 38.300: NR; NR and NG-RAN Overall Description; Stage 2
  • 6. Option 5: SA LTE connected to 5GC ©3G4G • Long term vision • Deployed in conjunction with Option 2 • Can provide some of the benefits that 5G NR provides in conjunction with 5G Core. 3GPP SA Option 5 5GC NG-C NG-U 3GPP TS 37.340: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and NR; Multi-connectivity; Stage 2 3GPP TS 38.300: NR; NR and NG-RAN Overall Description; Stage 2 ng-eNB (4G eLTE)
  • 7. Non-standalone Terminology ©3G4G • MR-DC: Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity • 2 RATs (e.g. LTE and/or 5G NR) simultaneously providing connectivity to a device or UE • MN: Master Node • SN: Secondary Node 3GPP TS 36.300: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2
  • 8. Master and Secondary nodes with LTE & NR ©3G4G • Note that while the secondary node control plane goes to the master node, the secondary node user plane can go via master node or can be connected directly 3GPP TS 37.340: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and NR; Multi-connectivity; Stage 2 3GPP TS 38.300: NR; NR and NG-RAN Overall Description; Stage 2
  • 9. Option 3: NSA LTE assisted NR, connected to EPC ©3G4G • Leverages existing 4G deployments • Capable of creating 5G hotspots quickly • New 5G applications and services creation possible Difference between 3/3A/3X • In option 3, there is no connection from gNB to EPC – eNB hardware upgrade is probably required • In option 3A, gNB has S1-U interface to EPC but no X2. New services can be handled by NR and X2 backhaul is easy to meet • Option 3X is a combination of 3 & 3A. S1-U is available from gNB and X2 interface is available too 3GPP NSA / “LTE Assisted” Option 3 / 3A / 3X a.k.a. EN-DC = E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity eNB EPC S1-C S1-U gNB S1-U X2-C X2-U 3GPP TS 37.340: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and NR; Multi-connectivity; Stage 2 3GPP TS 38.300: NR; NR and NG-RAN Overall Description; Stage 2
  • 10. Option 7: NSA LTE assisted NR, connected to 5GC ©3G4G 3GPP NSA / “LTE Assisted” Option 7 / 7A / 7X a.k.a. NGEN-DC = NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity • In this case ng-eNB is the master and gNB is secondary node. • Next Generation CN (NGCN) has replaced EPC • Evolved eNB and gNB connect via Xn interface • 5G driven by capacity needs, rather than just coverage • New 5G applications and services creation possible Difference between Option 7 / 7A / 7X • In option 7, there is no interface between gNB and 5GC. Information flows via Xn • In option 7A, there is no Xn interface and gNB is connected to 5GC via NG-U interface • Option 7X is a combination of option 7 & 7A ng-eNB NG-C NG-U gNB NG-U Xn-C Xn-U 5GC 3GPP TS 37.340: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and NR; Multi-connectivity; Stage 2 3GPP TS 38.300: NR; NR and NG-RAN Overall Description; Stage 2
  • 11. Option 4: NSA NR assisted LTE, connected to 5GC ©3G4G • Next Generation CN (NGCN) has replaced EPC • 5G driven by capacity needs, rather than just coverage • New 5G applications and services creation possible Difference between Option 4 & 4A • In Option 4, there is no direct connectivity between ng-eNB and 5GC. All information flows via Xn interface • In Option 4A, there is no Xn interface between ng-eNB and gNB. ng-eNB is connected to 5GC via NG-U interface. 3GPP NSA / “NR Assisted” Option 4 / 4A a.k.a. NE-DC = NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity ng-eNB NG-C NG-U gNB NG-U Xn-C Xn-U 5GC 3GPP TS 37.340: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and NR; Multi-connectivity; Stage 2 3GPP TS 38.300: NR; NR and NG-RAN Overall Description; Stage 2
  • 12. 5G Deployment Options and Migration Strategy ©3G4G EPC 5GC (NGCN) SA NSA eNB EPC Option 1: SA LTE connected to EPC Option 2: SA NR connected to 5GC (Standalone) (Non-Standalone) [Dual Connectivity] ng-eNBgNB 5GC Option 5: SA LTE connected to 5GC Option 3: NSA LTE assisted NR connected to EPC Option 4: NSA NR assisted LTE connected to 5GC Option 7: NSA LTE assisted NR connected to 5GC Migration Strategy Option 1 ↗ Option 2 ↘ Option 3 Option 3 ↗ Option 7 ↘ Option 5 Option 3 ↗ Option 3 ↘ Option 2 Option 3 ↗ Option 4 ↘ Option 2 [EN-DC] [NE-DC] [NGEN-DC] 5GC 5GC gNB ng-eNB 5GC gNB ng-eNB EPC eNB gNB
  • 13. More in-depth study of 5G Architecture Options ©3G4G GSMA: Road to 5G: Introduction and Migration Whitepaper
  • 14. KT’s 5G Network Migration Plan, Aug 2018 ©3G4G GSMA: Road to 5G: Introduction and Migration Whitepaper
  • 15. LGU+ 5G Migration Strategy, May 2018 ©3G4G
  • 16. KDDI’s 5G Migration View, May 2018 ©3G4G
  • 17. Samsung’s 5G Architecture Options, May 2018 ©3G4G
  • 18. Ericsson’s 5G Architecture Vision, May 2018 ©3G4G
  • 19. Telefonica’s 5G plan, May 2018 ©3G4G
  • 20. Andy Sutton, BT, May 2018 ©3G4G
  • 21. MediaTek view, August 2018 ©3G4G
  • 22. Further Reading ©3G4G • The 3G4G Blog: 5G New Radio (NR), Architecture options and migration from LTE • The 3G4G Blog: 5G Architecture Options for Deployments? • GSMA: Road to 5G: Introduction and Migration Whitepaper • 3G4G Small Cells Blog: Dual-connectivity, Bearer split and other Release-12 small cell enhancements
  • 23. Thank You To learn more, visit: 3G4G Website – http://www.3g4g.co.uk/ 3G4G Blog – http://blog.3g4g.co.uk/ 3G4G Small Cells Blog – http://smallcells.3g4g.co.uk/ Operator Watch - http://operatorwatch.3g4g.co.uk/ Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/3g4gUK Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/3g4gUK/ Follow us on Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company/3g4g Follow us on Slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd Follow us on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G ©3G4G