This article about "Child Labour" give the basic statics in different provinces of Pakistan. it give the following informations...... @ comparison between Rural and Urban statics @ Forms of child labour @ Major Causes and their solutions....

1. Adnan Aslam (BSc Mechanical Engineering)
HITEC University Taxila, Islamabad Pakistan.
CHILD LABOUR IN PAKISTAN
he most beautiful creature of ALLAH ALMIGHTY is man , that experience different phases
of life, one of the best part of his life is childhood in which he is purest in nature, have
beauty of innocence and fun in itself.
But due to some reasons in
Pakistan, all of their purity and beauty
transform into harmful employment. This
is termed as, CHILD LABOUR IN
PAKISTAN
T

2. Adnan Aslam (BSc Mechanical Engineering)
HITEC University Taxila, Islamabad Pakistan.
Contents
1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1
2. COMPARISON................................................................................................................. 2
2.1 PROVINCE WISE COMPARISON: ...................................................................................................... 2
2.2 COMPARISON BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS:........................................................................... 3
3. FORMS OF CHILD LABOUR....................................................................................... 4
3.1 CARPET INDUSTRY....................................................................................................................... 4
3.2 GLASS BANGLE INDUSTRY............................................................................................................. 5
3.3 SURGICAL INDUSTRY.................................................................................................................... 5
3.4 DEEP FISHING INDUSTRY .............................................................................................................. 5
3.5 RAG PICKING BUSINESS................................................................................................................ 6
3.6 BEGGING PROFESSION ................................................................................................................. 6
3.7 DOMESTIC SERVICE ..................................................................................................................... 6
4. CAUSES........................................................................................................................... 7
5. SOLUTIONS.................................................................................................................. 8

3. Adnan Aslam (BSc Mechanical Engineering)
HITEC University Taxila, Islamabad Pakistan.
1
1. INTRODUCTION
It is equally frustrating that child labour considered to be one of the core issues of
PAKISTAN, is being neglected by the government. It is difficult to make a precise estimate of
the magnitude of child labour in Pakistan due to lack of data.
The last child labour survey conducted
by the government was in 1996. According to
the survey, 11 million of the totals of 40
million children were found to be active on a
full time bases. Most of the children are
between 5 -16 year of age. This includes both
boys and girls i.e. 73% (8.03 million) are boys
and the remaining 27% (2.97 million) are girls.
Officially children made up about seven
percent of the total work force according to the
finding of survey.
The rule of ILO (International Labour Organization) convention stated it is necessary for all
countries to set a minimum age of employment.
 The age above 15 year is set for employment.
 Developed countries are allowed to the minimum age of 14
 ILO also defines that those children who want to learn the skills must of age 12, and with
the time limit of 3 to 4 hours.
The survey of 2012, gives the information that 96% of working boys work as wholesale and
retail industry followed by 22% in the service industry and 22% in manufacturing in urban areas.
48% girls employed in service industry.
Child labour is very common in north-eastern city, Sialkot, which is a main Centre for exporting
goods.

4. Adnan Aslam (BSc Mechanical Engineering)
HITEC University Taxila, Islamabad Pakistan.
2
2. COMPARISON
2.1 Province wise comparison:
The child labour in Pakistan is 3/5 (60%) of the total number of children. The ratio is
maximum in Punjab. This is because 23 million children of school going age not attending
school, and the population growth nearly 2% annually.
Province Total No. of
Children in age
group of 5-14
years (millions)
Total No. of Economically
Active Children in Age
group of 5-14 years
(millions)
Ratio of Child Labour
Punjab 22.63 1.94 8.6%
Sindh 8.62 0.30 3.5%
KPK 6.71 1.06 15.8%
Baluchistan 2.07 0.01 0.5%
Total 40.03 3.31 8.3%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Punjab Sindh KPK Balochistan
Series 1 Series 2 Series 3

5. Adnan Aslam (BSc Mechanical Engineering)
HITEC University Taxila, Islamabad Pakistan.
3
2.2 Comparison between rural and urban areas:
Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Hyderabad, Multan, Peshawar, Quetta, Islamabad,
Sargodha and Sialkot, being larger sized cities, have been treated as independent strata. Each of
these cities has been further sub-stratified into low, middle and high-income groups.
In the rural areas of Punjab, Sindh and NWFP each administrative district has been treated as an
independent stratum. In Baluchistan province the administrative division has been considered as
a stratum.
Urban Rural TOTAL
Low Middle High TOTAL
PUNJAB 166 282 52 500 342 842
SINDH 149 233 28 410 116 526
KPK 56 100 16 172 124 296
BALOCHISTAN 58 83 2 143 58 201
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
PUNJAB SINDH KPK BALOCHISTAN
Low
Middle
High

6. Adnan Aslam (BSc Mechanical Engineering)
HITEC University Taxila, Islamabad Pakistan.
4
3. FORMS OF CHILD LABOUR
Child labour prevails in many form of Pakistan. Majority of children
are employed in agricultural occupation and
in urban areas children are enrolled in
occupation like loading and unloading of
goods, workshop, shoe shinning etc.
Following are some major industries in which
child labour is common:
 Carpet Industry
 Glass Bangle Industry
 Surgical Industry
 Deep fishing Industry
 Rag Picking Business
 Domestic Services
 Begging Profession
 Sports Goods Industry
 Agricultural Department
3.1 Carpet Industry
Rugs are among South Asia’s top export product and a high-employment sector for the
poor. In Pakistan, young children whose parents take money in advance for their work on carpet
looms are victims of a debt-bondage system.
Children are paid half the wages of that
paid to an adult worker and they are not allowed
to leave the premises until the debt is fully paid.
Adult workers and employers sexually abuse these
children, about a quarter of whom are girls under
the age of 15.

7. Adnan Aslam (BSc Mechanical Engineering)
HITEC University Taxila, Islamabad Pakistan.
5
3.2 Glass Bangle Industry
Children in large numbers are employed in the glass bangle making
industry. District Hyderabad in Sindh province is known for producing beautiful, creative and
high quality glass bangles. Bangles are a much loved ornament worn by women of Pakistan, and
in some cultures, bangles is a must for married women. It is a must on festive occasions as well,
such as marriages, Eid etc. As such bangles are bought and sold throughout the country and
therefore is in high demand.
3.3 Surgical Industry
The city of Sialkot is famous for the manufacture and export of various items
including sports goods, leather apparel and surgical instruments. Surgical industry is one of those
industries that require nimble fingers and fast work, only possible from children. Children are
involved at different stages of manufacture of surgical instruments.
3.4 Deep Fishing Industry
Gwadar is an important district of Balochistan because of its upcoming sea-
port. The district has over 1.8 million population.
Fishing is the main economic activity
here, followed by agriculture, livestock rearing,
farming and government and social services. A
large number of children are working in deep-
sea fishing, boat-making and processing. These
children work with either their fathers or some
other family members and learn their family
craft.
Moreover, children are also supposed to
fetch water from community tanks/ponds, collect fuel wood etc. All these tasks that are
performed by children are considered as help to their families and not as child labour.

8. Adnan Aslam (BSc Mechanical Engineering)
HITEC University Taxila, Islamabad Pakistan.
6
3.5 Rag Picking Business
A study conducted by the Sustainable
Development Policy Institute (SDPI) on Rag
Pickers/Scavengers in 2003 reveals that there are
roughly 89,500-106,500 children engaged in
scavenging in five major cities of the country i.e.
Karachi, Lahore, Quetta, Peshawar and Islamabad.
The survey identifies three types of
scavengers: migratory scavengers, roaming
scavengers and site based scavengers.
3.6 Begging Profession
There are two types of child beggars; one who is doing it as a profession and
the other is child peddler who begs in order to
survive.
There is no data that gives the magnitude
of the problem. However, there is no doubt that it
is huge and growing. One can hardly miss the
number of little outstretched hands begging for a
rupee or more, boys and girls alike. Time is no
constraint, especially for the boys
3.7 Domestic Service
Child labour in domestic service is very common and acceptable. It may be paid
or unpaid work. It takes place in the home and duties include cleaning, cooking, baby sitting and
caring among many other small and big chores. Domestic work is predominantly the domain of
female child labourers. These children work long hours, do not go to school and many of them

9. Adnan Aslam (BSc Mechanical Engineering)
HITEC University Taxila, Islamabad Pakistan.
7
are separated from their parents for long periods of time. They often face the risk of sexual and
physical abuse from their employers.
4. CAUSES
Following are the causes of child labour:
 Poverty
 Parental illiteracy
 Tradition of making children learn the family skills
 Absence of universal compulsory Primary education
 Social apathy and tolerance of child labour
 Ignorance of the parents about the adverse consequences of Child labour
 Ineffective enforcement of the legal provisions pertaining to child labour
 Non-availability of and non-accessibility to schools
 Irrelevant and non-attractive school curriculum
 Employers prefer children as they constitute cheap labour and they are not able to
organize themselves against exploitation.
International Labour Organization (ILO) suggests poverty is the greatest single cause
behind child labour. Pakistan has a income of approximately $1900. A middle class person in
Pakistan earns around $5 a day on average. The average Pakistani has to feed nine or ten people
with their daily wage. Further to that there is also the high inflation rate to contend with.[5] As of
2008, 17.2% of the total population lives below the poverty line, which is the lowest figure in the
history of Pakistan.
Poverty levels in Pakistan appear to necessitate that children work in order to allow
families to reach their target take‐ home pay On the side of the firms, the low cost of child
labour gave manufacturers a significant advantage in the Western marketplace, where they
undersell their competitors
from countries
prohibiting child labour, often
by improbable
amounts.

10. Adnan Aslam (BSc Mechanical Engineering)
HITEC University Taxila, Islamabad Pakistan.
8
5. SOLUTIONS
Most of the families in Pakistan have a problem of low income or amount of earning due
to this we have to take some steps to increase their income at individual and government level
family income.
Children need to learn how to read and write. They need social and professional skills
that only school and a nurturing environment can provide. Some countries have compulsory
schooling and some provide free public schooling.
 Providing a better compulsory education.
 Accommodate them with some money as a
Social Service.
 Strictly conduct family control program
 Eliminate poverty
 Enforce labour laws
 Abolish child trafficking
 Promote fair trade Fair
 Replace child workers by adult workers