1. The Ownership of Media in
Korean Peninsula

3. Why?

4.  First, North and South Korea share a common culture,
language, customs, and history, but later separated
because of political reasons and ideology.
 Second, differences in the political system influence the
media system, especially the issues of ownership. On
the one hand, North Korea keeps a closed-door policy, so
that the media is controlled by the state, while on the
other hand, South Korea is embracing an open
democratic system, opening the door for foreign
investors.

5.  Third, differences in the
political system make South
Korea more progressive than
North Korea. It is influenced
by the investment climate,
and also a checks and
balances system. This fact
could be the reason why
South Korean pop culture
has spread to the rest of the
world and become a global
commodity.

6. Text
Context
Socio-Cultural Practice

7. Text
 There is not much information about the media
landscape in North Korea. North Korea media is the most
strictly controlled in the world. North Korea's constitution
guarantees freedom of the press and expression, but it
is limited only to matters that flatter the state and its
leader.
 According to Yoon (2001) almost all news TV channels
and radio news are propaganda. Its contents are mostly
news the leader Kim Jong-un as well as news about the
badness of other countries, especially South Korea and
the United States (U.S). Even some cartoon series for
children also display negative propaganda about U.S.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojtBPoll9Q4
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pSWN6Qj98Iw

8. Text (2)
 Media in South Korea is dominated by entertainment
aspects, including film, K-Pop music, dance, drama
series, and also sitcoms. Media production is not only
designed to meet the needs of Korean people in
entertainment aspects, but also to be exported to some
countries that make Korea to be a trendsetter. Since
early 2000, the Korean entertainment industry became a
trendsetter in the world, especially in Southeast Asia. In
fact, Korea is also expanding its entertainment industry
to the U.S.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dXsxJ-V6WpA
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EhDj9EQTrIs
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6DFEfvG47Rc

9. Context: Historical Background
 Both of them were
colonized by Japan, and
then split apart due to
political factors and
ideology option.
 The surrender of Japan in
August 1945 led to the
immediate division of
Korea into two occupation
zones, with the U.S.
administering the southern
half of the peninsula and
the Soviet Union taking
over the area to the north
of the 38th parallel.

10. Context (2): The Ownership
 In North Korea, the media is managed and controlled by
the state. KCNA is the only institution that supplies all
the information required by the media. The media is
strictly controlled by government. As of mid-1993, there
were eleven television stations, approximately two
dozen AM stations, ten FM stations, eight domestic
shortwave stations, and a powerful international
shortwave station

11.  In South Korea, a private broadcasting company was
established in 1990 and a number of private local
companies were also licensed. Along with political
liberalization, new media have rapidly developed. The
government has played a leading role in employing cable
television, internet, DBS and digital television. These
new media need enormous financial resources that only
the private sector can afford. After a five-year-long
debate in the National Assembly, a new Broadcasting Act
was passed in 2000. Privatization and opening up the
market are the main premises of the new law.

12. The Ownership in S Korea
Network KBS Government 100 %
MBC MBC Fund 70%,
SBS Chongsoo Fund 30%
Local Stations City in each Private companies 30 %
province
Special Stations Education, Government 100%
Transportation City
Religion Religious fund

13.  Capital controls the media
 The age of keen competition
 Concentrated Ownership
 Commercialisation and Sensationalitation

14. Conclusion: Socio-Cultural Practice
 The differences in media system are influenced by socio-
political differences in each country's ideology. The North
Korean system chose a communist as ideology, so the
media policy is also based on this system that placed
state as a central role. Through the communist system,
foreign capital was rejected. On the other hand, South
Korea chose the policy of capitalism, particularly since
the 1990s.

15. Conclusion: The Differences
North Korea South Korea
State ownership High Low
Development of mass Low High
press
High Getting lower
Political parallelism
Low High
Professionalization
High Low
State interventions

16. References
 Fairclough, N. (2003). Analysing discourse: Textual
analysis for social research. London: Routledge.
 Hallin, D. C., & Mancini, P. (2004). Comparing media
systems: Three models of Media and Politics.
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
 Yoon, S. (2001). Democratization and the mass media:
comparative perspectives from Europe and Asia. A paper
that presented in Bellagio, Italy, 9-13 April 2001.

17. 감사