Citations and References adhering to APA style guidelines

1. Using and Citing Sources
Effectively
Extensive guide to in-text citations and
references
MCAST 2013 – 2014
Ms N. Pisani

2. Definitions
Citation
Reference
Reference List
Bibliography
Discuss these
definitions with a
partner
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3. Answer Key:
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4. Citing vs. Referencing. What‟s
the difference?
(a) (Bird, 2001)
(b) Bird, J. (2001). Engineering science
(3rd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Ms N Pisani

5. Citing vs. Referencing.
What’s the difference?
Citing
When you refer to
another author's work in
your work you must cite
your source by providing
the last name of the
author and the year of
publication.
(Bird, 2001)
Referencing
At the end of your work,
under the
heading References,
write a full description of
each source you have
cited, listing them in
alphabetical order by
the first author's last
name.
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6. I need a
citation
You are…
• Quoting directly from another source
• Using “common knowledge” shared information in your field of
study
• Reprinting diagrams, illustrations,
charts, pictures, videos, music
• Writing up your own experimental
results
• Mentioning a fact that is commonly
known
• Using an image from a website
• Paraphrasing a text
• Including some statistics that your
lecturer has given you in a lecture
Ms N Pisani
I DON’T need a
citation

7. I need a
citation
You are…
• Quoting directly from another source
• Using “common knowledge” shared information in your field of
study
• Reprinting diagrams, illustrations,
charts, pictures, videos, music
• Writing up your own experimental
results
• Mentioning a fact that is commonly
known
• Using an image from a website
• Paraphrasing a text
• Including some statistics that your
lecturer has given you in a lecture
Ms N Pisani
I DON’T need a
citation

8. What is „Common Knowledge‟
The same information un-cited in at least five
other sources
Information that your readers will already
know
Information a person could easily find with
general reference sources (encyclopedia)
General information NOT quoted directly
Ms N Pisani
Source: http://www.english.vt.edu/~IDLE/plagiarism/plagiarism2.html

9. Citing Photos
.
This should
be in italics
Figure 1: Wind Turbines
Figure 2: Linux-powered Robot
(Evwind.com)
(vps.net)
Always label your diagrams or sketches accordingly!
Ms N Pisani

10. Examples:Publishing
Books
Surname and Year
Name (in initials)
Name
of book
Kotkin, S. (1991). Steeltown USSR.
Berkeley: University of California Press.
City
Worldwatch Institute. (2001). State of
the world (2nd ed.). New York: W.W.
For books in a later
Norton.
edition, insert here.
Publishing
Press
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11. Put this reference in the
correct order (APA)
All about engineering.
Moller,
(2001).
R.
Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
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12. Answer Key:
Moller, R. (2001). All about engineering.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ms N Pisani

13. References: Answer Key
1. Agrawal, B. K. (1989). Introduction to
engineering materials. New Delhi: Tata
McGrawHill.
2. Bolton, W. (2003). Mechatronics: Electronic
control systems in mechanical and electrical
engineering (3rd ed.). Harlow: Prentice Hall.
3. Beltz, W. (1994). Handbook of mechanical
engineering. London: Springer-Verlag.
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14. Over to you…
Ms N Pisani

15. Answer Key: Sample Reference List
Bezzina, J. (2005). Methodology (2nd ed.). Gozo: A+M Printing.
Ibbotson, M. (2008). Cambridge English for engineering. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Ibbotson, M. (2009). Professional English in use. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
John, L. C. (2006). Writing excellence. Canada: Thomson-Delmar
Learning.
Nayler, G. H. F. (1996). Dictionary for mechanical engineering (4th ed.).
Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Silyn-Roberts, H. (2000). Writing for science and engineering: Papers,
presentations and reports. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Swales, J. M. & Feak, C. B. (2013). Academic writing for graduate
students: Essential tasks and skills (2nd ed.). USA: Michigan Press.
Swetnam, D. (2004). Writing your dissertation (3rd ed.). UK: Cromwell
Press Ltd.
Young, T. M. (2005). Technical writing A-Z: A commonsense guide to
engineering reports and theses. British English ed. New York: ASME.

16. Common Questions
How do I cite a work with no author and
no date?
Use the first few words from the title, then
the abbreviation n.d. (for ‘no date’).
Do I include personal communications
(like emails,private interviews, etc.)?
Only in the citation not the reference list.
Ms N Pisani

17. Citing from Websites
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18. Author Last Name, Author First
Name (Initial). (Year, Month & Date
Published). Article title. Website title.
Retrieved Month, Date, Year, from
<URL>
Ms N Pisani

19. Author Last Name, Author First Name (Initial).
(Year, Month & Date Published). Article
title. Website title. Retrieved Month & Date, Year,
from <URL>
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20. Citing „How power drills work‟
Author
http://home.howstuffworks.com/power-drills.html
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21. Publishing
year of article
(we have the
complete
citation here)
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22. Pumphrey, C. (2010, February 22). How
power drills work. HowStuffWorks.com.
Retrieved January 25, 2014, from
< http://home.howstuffworks.com/powerdrills.htm>
Ms N Pisani

23. http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1590609851/lil-mule-professional-time-lapse-and-videocamera
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24. CITATION
Herndon, W. (2013, February 1). Lil-mule
professional time lapse and video camera dolly.
Kickstarter.com.
Retrieved January 7, 2014, from:
<http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/15906098
51/lil-mule-professional-time-lapse-and-videocamera>
Ms N Pisani

25. Title of article ->
Carbon fibre 3D printer is
‘world’s first’
Publishing date
of article ->
29 January 2014
Author:
Laura Hopperton
Ms N Pisani

26. Hopperton, L. (2014, January 29). Carbon
fibre 3D printer is „world‟s first‟.
Engineering Materials.com. Retrieved
January 29, 2014, from
<http://www.materialsforengineering.co.uk
/engineering-materials-news/carbon-fibre3d-printer-is-worlds-first/59170/>
Ms N Pisani

27. Date:
12 December 2013
Author:
Engineering
Materials
Ms N Pisani

28. Engineering Materials. (2013, December
12). The challenges of getting greener
materials into industry. Engineering
Materials.com. Retrieved January 29,
2014, from
<http://www.materialsforengineering.co.uk/engi
neering-materials-features/the-challenges-ofgetting-greener-materials-intoindustrys/58363/>
Ms N Pisani

29. Ms N Pisani

30. Ms N Pisani

31. CITATION
Manfrotto. (2005). Manfrotto. Retrieved
November 20, 2013, from:
<http://www.manfrotto.com/>
Ms N Pisani

32. Engineering Materials
http://www.materialsforengineering.co.u
k/
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33. Example References
Andrews, D. A., & Bonta, J. (2003). The psychology of criminal conduct (3rd
ed.). Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing.
Blackburn, R. (1993). The psychology of criminal conduct: Theory, research
and practice. Chichester: Wiley.
Bonta, J., Law, M., & Hanson, K. (1998). The prediction of criminal and
violent recidivism among mentally disordered offenders: A metaanalysis.Psychological Bulletin, 123, 123-142.
Polaschek, D. L. L., & Reynolds, N. (2004). Assessment and treatment:
Violent offenders. In C. R. Hollin (Ed.), The essential handbook of offender
assessment and treatment (pp. 201-218). Chichester: Wiley.
Webster, C. D., & Bailes, G. (2004). Assessing violence risk. In C. R. Hollin
(Ed.), The essential handbook of offender assessment and treatment (pp. 113). Chichester: Wiley.
Ms N Pisani

34. Sources
Purdue University Online Writing Lab website,
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_plagiar.html
“Graduate Honor System,” Graduate Honor System website, Virginia
Tech, http://ghs.grads.vt.edu/student/avoiding.html
James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, “Style Guide,”
Nonproliferation Review,
http://www.cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/pdfs/guidelines.pdf
Bunn, Matthew and Anthony Wier, “Controlling Nuclear Warheads
and Materials: A Report Card and Action Plan” (Washington, D.C.:
Nuclear Threat Initiative and the Project on Managing the Atom,
Harvard University, March 2003) pp. 8-12.
Shelly G. Roseman, Library Liaison to History, Political Science,
Education, English (Stamford Campus) website, University of
Connecticut, http://www.lib.uconn.edu/~sroseman/SRliaison.html
Ms N Pisani

35. Contact Me
If you have any questions regarding
referencing or citations, feel free to
email me on:
nikita.becky.pisani@mcast.edu.mt
Ms N Pisani