This document discusses the importance of reviewing related literature for research. It notes that literature reviews give researchers basic knowledge in their field and help relate their current research to past work. The purposes of literature reviews are to study topics of interest, get approval from experts, limit topics, prepare for projects, and avoid replicating past research unnecessarily. Researchers should cite sources to avoid plagiarism and gain credibility. There are various citation styles and the sources cited must be included in both in-text citations and a reference list.

1. Review Related Literature
Dian Ndaru Purwanti
Lana Durrotul Abidah
Post Graduate Students of TBI A
IAIN Tulungagung
Course Supervisor :
Dr. H. Nur Samsu, M. Pd.

2. Literature Review
• The literature review is an integral part of the entire
research process and makes a valuable contribution
to almost every operational step.
• It gives basic knowledge required in research, relates
the present research with the previous one, helps
researcher facilitate the process of research and help
avoid unnecessary replication of the previous
research.

3. The Purpose of Literature Review
• Study the field in their interest only
• Must get approval from authoritative
scholar
• Limit the topic
• Prepare in conducting research project
• Avoid unnecessary replication

4. 1. Study the field in their interest only
• Researchers can only study the field in their
interest.
• Even the English teacher cannot conduct
research on their own classes if they don’t
enrich themselves with enough background
knowledge.
• Therefore, it is important that a researcher
obtain detailed knowledge of their topic
being studied by reviewing related literature
as the basis of research.

5. 2. Must get approval from authoritative
scholar
– The board of thesis examiners before graduate
– The board of journal editors before publishing their
research in scientific journal
– Their advisors before the research project is conducted
• To convince the authoritative scholar is by showing how
the research products contribute to the development of
knowledge in the field of interest.
• It is also important for the researcher to learn how much
the existing knowedge has progressed as the results of

6. 3. Limit the topic
• Research topics which are too broad
cannot produce significant result.
• Research topics should be limited, so it
can have a clear focus.
• Reviewing related literature helps
researchers in delimiting the research
problem.

7. 4. Prepare in conducting research
project
• A lot of things have to be done by
researchers in conducting their research
projects and each of those things have to
be prepared and carried out in the
correct way.
• Any one of the research project activities
which is not done correctly will lower the
value of the research significance.

8. 5. Avoid unnecessary replication
• Doing unnecessary replication of others’
research project will allow the
researchers themselves to be accused of
plagiarism.
• Plagiarism can be avoided if the
researchers explain convincingly enough
how the present research project is
related to all the previous research
projects.

9. The Source of Literature Review
• Any source of information related to the study can be selected
for review. e.g. Scholarly books, journal articles, magazines,
newspaper, official documents, e-journals, etc.
• Primary sources are direct descriptions of occurance by
individuals who actually observed or witnessed the occurances.
• Secondary sources of information include any publications
written by an author who was not a direct observer or
participants.
• It is suggested to explore secondary sources first, then the
primary sources because the secondary sources provide a quick
and relatively easy method of obtaining a good overall
understanding of the field.

10. Procedures in Literature Review
Activities in review of literature include
locating, reading, and evaluating reports
of research as well as reports of casual
observations and opinions related to the
individual’s research project plan.

11. The activities start from:
• Examine research problem
• Identify keyword and topics
• Locate reference
• Read the source
• Summarize the content
• Synthesize the summaries
• Draw the conclusion

12. The Importance of Citing the Sources
Several reasons why citation has to be done correctly:
1. It is important that authors who have conducted a hard
work of research be recognized and given credit.
2. By citing the authors of the sources cited, reviewers keep
themselves free from being accused of plagiarism.
3. The reviewers can earn readers’ trust. Readers can check
the sources and thus give the reviewers reliability.
4. The reviewers convince the readers that the reviewer’s
present research project is connected to other research
projects in the field.
5. It allows readers to pursue their own work.

13. Citing Styles
 Citation has to be done following citation
styles prescribed in the university where the
research is being done.
 Citation is done twice, at the end of the
sentence being cited and at the end of the
paper.
 Bibliography or Reference list style are
available for citation in the text.

14. • In the bibliography style, reviewers signal the
sentences to refer by placing a superscript
number at the end of the sentence.
• In the reference list style, reviewers signal
the sentences to refer to by placing the
parenthetical citation (including author, year
of publication and relevant page number)
next to the last sentence cited.

15. • Citation at the end of the paper,
reviewers have to list all the references
that have been cited in the text to include
complete bibliographical information.
• The bibliography at the end of the of the
paper includes the name of the author,
the year, the title of the source, the place
of publication and the name of publisher.

16. Format for Citing References
Author, A. (year). Title of book (edition if
not first). City: Publisher.
• Book by a single author
Leshin, C.B. (1997). Management on the
World Wide Web. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice-Hall.

17. Format for Citing References
Author, A., & Author, B. (year). Title of book
(edition if not first). City: Publisher.
• Book by more than one author
Cornett, M., Wiley, B.J., & Sankar, S. (1998).
The pleasures of nurturing (2nd ed).
London: McMunster Publishing.

18. Format for Citing References
• Journal Article
Author, A., & Author, B. (year). Title of article. Title
of Journal, volume number (issue number), page
numbers.
Barry, H. (1996). Cross-cultural research with
matched pairs of societies. Journal of Social
Psychology, 79 (1), 25-33.
Jeanquart, S., & Peluchette, J. (1997). Diversity in
the workforce and management models, Journal of
Social Work Studies, 43, 72-85.

19. Format for Citing References
Referencing Electronic Sources
• Author, A. (year, month day). Title of article.
Title of Newspaper. Retrieved from home
page web address. Including access date.
• Nader, C. (2009, June 19). Mental health
issues soar among children. The Age.
Retrieved from http://www.theage.com.au
(accessed May 27, 2017)

20. Concluding Remark
• The sources cited to facilitate the researcher in
carrying out the research project must be
admitted in the text as well as in the list of
bibliography, otherwise, the researchers will be
accused of plagiarism.
• The citation has to follow the citation styles
prescribed by the university where the research
project is conducted, or where the journal
article is going to be published.
• Cite online sources cautiosly. The result of
literature review is reported as the synthesis of
all the sources.

21. Thank You!