1. Complex problems demand Innovative Solutions… LONGWALL – A trip to China Lolla Sudhakar, Col. Mgr, GDK.10A Incline & Team

2. Team (from left to right): P. Srinivas, R.V.Rao B.Chakravarthy D.N.Sharma Lolla Sudhakar Taher Basha L.R.C.Reddy MD.Suresh

8. China Mineral Map Pingdingshan Coal Mine

9. China Coal Map Pingdingshan Coal Belt

13. Visit to Pingdingshan Coal Company

14. Location Pingdingshan Coal (Group) Co.Ltd is located in Pingdingshan City, Henan Province, China Pingdingshan City Look at this…

17. Pingdingshan Coal Group – Performance

18. The Pingdingshan coal field

21. General Facts China coal 300m/drill/month. Drill is being run on three shift basis. (Ours is also around 300 mt/drill/ month for 2 shift basis) Productivity of Exploration drilling 1500m Maximum Depth of drilling CLASS-1 5 Bhs/Sq.km CLASS-2 10 Bhs/Sq.km CLASS-3 20 Bhs/Sq.km CLASS-4 30 Bhs/Sq.km Spacing of Exploration BHs - Depending on the complexity of deposit. >6200 UHV (K.Cal/kg) Coking coal Coal Type In-situ Coal Origin

22. GENERAL EXPLORATION PRACTICES IN CHINA Assigned to University. Not done Exploration wing. GEOMODEL of Block No preserving of core samples for long period . No core storage house Core photography, Core storage house, pattern etc. Not so regularly taken. No software is used to study the core further as CSIRO does. A- Type reserves with a grid of- 500x500m (Proved) B -Type reserves with a grid of -1000X1000m (Indicated) C -Type reserves with a grid of -2000X2000m (Inferred) Type OF RESERVES

23. Emphasis is not given . In-Situ stress measurements No additional BHs are drilled in LW panels for more geological confirmation as SCCL is advised for Adriyala. Additional BHs for Longwall Panels. Recruited separately for the mines Every mine has one mine Geologist Mine Geologists. There are about 112 bhs in the No-12 mine in an area of 24 sq.km. Collected seam correlation of No-12 mine. Borehole observations including Lithology, Descriptions

24. No 12 mine is having 2000 to 3000 GPM Study of inflow of water They adopt UG mapping techniques to map particularly structural features- joints, cleat etc. Mr.wu Jianyu, Geologist of 12 mine showed the methodology (Similar to SCCL procedures). UG mapping techniques

26. VARIOUS TYPES OF DRILL BITS

29. VIEW OF DRILL SITE

30. PRESERVATION OF CORE IN BOXES SCCL CHINA

31. Exploration

32. INSIDE VIEW OF EXPLRN. CAMP

33. INFRASTRUCTURE

34. Bird’s eye view of mine premises

35. Control room

36. Coal Handling Plant

37. Man winding Shaft Ground mounted multi rope Koepe winder

38. Surface Substation

39. Surface Substation

40. Transport on mine surface

41. No.13 Mine – Premises

42. Surface Coal Transport System

43. A glimpse of Transport route UG

44. Development - Roadway Drivage

46. Development – Roadway drivage

47. Variants of Tunneling machines 660/1140V 660/1140V 660/1140V Power-supply voltage 45 kW 75 kW 55kW Power of oil pump motor 100 kW 160/80 kW 120kW Power of cutting motor 145 kW 261 kW 190 kW Total power of motor 5.1m 3.0~5.0m 5.0m Cutting width 4.5m 2.4~4.8m 3.75m Cutting height 21 m² 23 m² 9~18m² Road x-section can be excavated 25t 45t 35t Total weight of machine ≤ 55~60MPa ≤ 80MPa ≤ 60MPa Coal, rock cutting strength ±15° ±16° ±16° Climbing ability 260mm 240mm Dinting depth 1.8m 1.8m 1.55m Height of machine body 2.8m 2.9m 2.1m Width of machine body 8.3m 9.0m 8.6m Length of machine body MRH-S100 EBZ-160 EBZ-120 Model of tunneling machine

48. Roadheader cutting pattern – based on Dip Cutting method with dip angle less than 20 ° and easily spalling off Cutting method of coal seam with dip angle larger than 20 ° and easily spalling off Cutting method for coal seam with high gas and outburst Cutting method in incline coal seam with dip angle larger than 20 ° , large cross section and high gas and outburst

49. LONGWALL

53. Shearer Selection Multi motor Shearer Installed power 475 & 930 KW Chainless haulage All electric haulage Voltage – 3300V

57. Man Power Organisation in each shift TOTAL 27 Team leader -Incharge of face Dy.team leader -for gas drainage 6

65. Capacity up to 3500 ton /hour AFC

66. Crusher Stage Loader

67. Power pack Selection Power pack Pumps 315LPM / 400LPM 200KW / 250 KW Motors 2500 L / 3200 L Tank Capacity NB31.5 Feed / NB 50 Return

68. Gate Belt + Trunk Belt

69. LONGWALL - SALVAGE

71. Cross section of LW face under Installation

72. Supporting at the Longwall face Cross section of Longwall face under withdrawal of supports – Supporting method. Wooden Log Mesh Wooden sleepers Wooden prop Wooden props

73. Loading of supports Ramp Trolley Hauler - loading Winch

74. Withdrawal of supports Plan View of Longwall face under withdrawal of supports TG MG Powered Supports Hauler - marching Hauler - loading Loading Ramp Hauler -turning Wooden cogs Out-bye T/p

76. INFRASTRUCTURE – U/G

77. Underground roadway

78. Water barriers in underground

79. Belt Man riding system

80. Safety - Underground

81. Mines safety monitoring & Communication technology

82. Mobile Communication System in Underground

83. Nitrogen Fire extinguishing equipments for coal mines

84. SAFETY & TRAINING

87. Vocational Training Centre

88. Vocational Training Centre – Class room

89. TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS (CHINA)

91. Technological development in China AFC -- 400,500,750 kW Totally enclosed type 34mmX126mm twin inboard chain, pan width- 764mm & 830mm, trough height-324mm Haulage capacity – >1000 - 1500 t/h AFC -- 180, 220, 264,320,500 KW Bottom open type, 26mmX92mm twin inboard chain, pan width- 630mm, trough height-222mm Haulage capacity – upto 1000 t/h Multi motor Shearer Installed power475;930 KW Chainless haulage All electric haulage Voltage – 3300V Single Electric Motor Shearer Installed power 150;200;375 KW Anchor chain to chainless haulage Hydraulic haulage Voltage upto 1140 V 2-Legged / 4-Legged Chock shields High flow rate hydraulic system 6400 KN Yield load capacity 4-Legged Chock shields Low flow rate Hydraulic system 2000 KN Yield load capacity Manufacturing fully mechanized equipments with continuous upgradation by planning and research (Mature stage) Development of domestic equipment & technology (Basic mature stage) Imported Set of Equipment Current stage (End-1990s to Present) Middle Stage (Mid-1980s to Mid-1990s) Initial Stage (Mid-1970s to Mid-1980s)

92. Manufacturing capabilities

93. Technological development in China Power Support height 0.6 to 6.5 m

94. Technological development in China LTCC 2-Legged / 4-Legged Chock shields High flow rate hydraulic system 6400 KN Yield load capacity

95. Technological development in China State of art Testing Facilities

96. Technological development in China Advanced Manufacturing Facilities

97. What we learnt from the China Trip …