1. LASENTEC The Scale-Up of Solid/Liquid Separations The Role of Particle Size Terry Redmond James Ward

2. Common Definitions Filtrate Medium Filter Cake

3. Common Definitions Medium Resistance (Rm) Pressure (Pi) Pressure (Pf) Cake Resistance (Rc)

4. Common Definitions (Rm) Pressure (Pi) Pressure (Pf) (Rc) Filtrate Velocity (v) Where Pi = Initial Pressure Pf = Final Pressure Rc = Cake Resistance Rm = Media Resistance  = Filtrate Viscosity

5. Common Definitions Filtrate Medium Filter Cake

6. Common Definitions Filtrate Medium Filter Cake

7. Common Definitions Where Rc = Cake Resistance Pf = Dry Mass of Particles A = Area  = Specific Cake Resistance Filtrate Medium Filter Cake

8. Common Definitions Where q = Volumetric Flowrate A = Filter Area v = Filterate Velocity  P = Pressure Drop  = Specific Cake Resistance c* = dry mass solid / vol filterate V = Volume  = Filtrate viscosity Filtrate Medium Filter Cake

9. Inverse Filter Leaf Test Vacuum Source Vacuum Adjust Vacuum Gauge Slurry Filter Media

10. Inverse Filter Leaf Test t / V V

11. Filter Blinding - The Role of Fines t / V V Run 1

12. Inverse Filter Leaf Test t / V V Run 1

13. Inverse Filter Leaf Test t / V V Run 1 Run 2

14. Inverse Filter Leaf Test t / V V Run 1 Run 2

15. Inverse Filter Leaf Test t / V V Run 1 Run 2 Run 3

16. The Components of Alpha

17. The Components of Alpha Where  = Specific Cake Resistance K = Constant Sp = Mean Particle Surface Area Vp = Mean Particle Volume  = Porosity of Filter Cake

18. A Focus on Particle Size 524,000 µm 3 524,000 µm 3 Total volume 314,000 µm 2 31,400 µm 2 Surface area 10 µm 100 µm Diameter 1000 particles 1 particle Total number B A

19. Alpha and the Real World The mean particle size decreases by 32% as the cake resistance increases by 325+%

20. Another Example

21. Another Example

22. Another Example

23. A Focus on Particle Size (An 87% increase in Specific Cake Resistance) 37% Increase 1,161,800µm 3 847,800µm 2 Total Surface Area Decrease 3.3% 96.7 µm 100.0 µm Volume mean diameter Decrease 87.7% 12.3 µm 100.0 µm Number mean diameter 0% 14,140,000 µm 3 14,140,000 µm 3 Total volume Increase 3700% 1026 particles 27 particles Total number Relative change After breakage of one particle Initial particle system