English - The Story of Ahikar, Grand Vizier of Assyria.pdf
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Osher womens-history-4
1. âOn account of lightness of mindâ: social and cultural views of women in ancient Europe
TopâEowyn offeringAragorn a cup of mead, from Lord of the Rings: Return of the King; bottomâamulets representing female figures, one carrying a horn
of mead or ale, from Vikings: the North American Saga, edited by Fitzhugh andWard.
⢠Women in Celtic, Germanic, and Norse society
⢠Marriage
⢠The âmorning giftâ
⢠Germanic morgengabe
⢠British/Welsh cowyll
⢠Irish coibche
⢠Women choosing their husbands
⢠Peace weavers
⢠Adultery
⢠Punished in Germanic society?
⢠Divorce
⢠Allowed inWelsh and Irish society
2. Evidence of womenâs role in society. Leftâkeys carried by the wife of a householder; centerâan
amulet whose hairstyle indicates a high status woman; rightâa reconstruction of a Finnish
noblewomanâs dress. Images from Vikings: The North American Saga, edited by Fitzhugh andWard.
3. The Oseberg Ship, built c. 820 AD, buried c. 825, excavated 1904.
TheViking Ship Museum, Oslo, Norway
⢠Used to bury two women, one
possibly a queen, the other
her slave.
⢠Buried with a horse-drawn
cart, buckets, barrels, and a
tapestry depicting the funeral
procession.
4. Women and the early Christian Church
Stone inlay depicting Jesus, 3rd century AD.
⢠Women as spiritual equals
⢠God as creator (not procreator)
⢠Eve and the exile from Eden
⢠TheVirgin Mary
5. Christian attitudes toward marriage and divorce
Mosaic of St. Paul, 3rd century AD.
⢠Women as equal to men, or subordinate?
⢠Genesis 1 and 2
⢠St. Paul, d. circa 60 CE
⢠St. Augustine, d. 430 CE
⢠Marriage indissoluble
⢠Limited ability to divorce
⢠Immoral behavior
⢠Adultery
⢠Severe abuse
⢠Marriage for the purpose of procreation
6. Women as converts, martyrs, and saints
Fresco of a veiled Christian woman, 3rd-5th century AD, Giordani Catacomb, Rome.
⢠St.Thecla, d. 1st century CE
⢠The Gnostic Church
⢠Greek âgnosis,â meaning knowledge
⢠Gospel of Mary Magdalene
⢠Irenaeus, bishop of Lyon
⢠St. Perpetua, d. 203 CE
7. Celibacy and monasticism
Icon of theVirgin and Jesus, 6th-7th century, Monastery of St. Catherine, Mt. Sinai, Egypt.
⢠Celibacy as the better path
⢠St. Jerome, d. 420 CE
⢠âAgainst Jovinianâ
⢠âLetter to Eustochiumâ
⢠St. Macrina, d. late 4th century CE
⢠Transvestite nuns
⢠Matrona/Babylas, 6th century CE
⢠Mary/Marinos, 7th century CE
8. Christianizing Queens
Topâmap of the Carolingian Empire, from Lynn Hunt, The Making of theWest,Volume 1; rightâmap of Anglo-Saxon
England, from Peter Hunter Blair, Roman Britain and Early England, 55 BC-AD 871.
⢠Christianizing queens
⢠Clothild, d. early 6th century
⢠Queen of Clovis I, king of Franks
⢠Bertha, d. early 7th century
⢠Queen of Aethelberht, king of Kent
⢠Aethelburh, d. mid 7th century
⢠Queen of Edwin, king of Northumbria
9. Women as saints and missionaries
Image of St. Balthild, 14th century, British Library, London.
⢠St. Radegund, d. 587
⢠Queen of Clothar I, king of Neustria
⢠St. Brigit, 6th century (Ireland)
⢠St. Bathild, d. 680
⢠Queen of Clovis II, king of Burgundy and Neustria
⢠St. Hilda, d. late 7th century
⢠Whitby, England
⢠St. Leoba, d. late 8th century
⢠Saxony (NW Germany)
⢠St. Boniface, d. late 8th century
⢠Double monasteries
10. Women in Carolingian Europe
Endeâs illumination of the apocalypse from âCommentary on the apocalypse of St. Johnâ
by Beatus of Gerona.
⢠Charlemagneâs educational reforms
⢠Court school at Aachen
⢠Monastic schools
⢠Ende, Leon, Spain, d. late 10th century
⢠âDepintrixâ and âDie Aiutrixâ
⢠Hrosvitha of Gandersheim, d. 1001
⢠Women and religious authority
⢠The proprietary church
⢠Soldiers of Christ
⢠The third gender
⢠Claustration
⢠Castimony
⢠Female saints
⢠From conversion to maintenance
⢠De-emphasizing of womenâs role as âpeace weaversâ
11. Saints, mystics, and heretics
⢠Some of the overarching issues in medieval society, 1100-1500
⢠Church reform, crusades, and new religious orders
⢠Growing papal authority
⢠Concerns regarding heresy
⢠The Black Death, 1347-1350
⢠The Avignon Papacy, 1305-1377
⢠The Great Schism, 1378-1417
12. Mary as the ideal woman
Triumph of theVirgin, Senlis Cathedral, c. 1170 AD.
⢠The Cult of theVirgin Mary
⢠Founded by St. Bernard of Clairvaux,
d. 1153
13. LeftâTriumph of theVirgin, Chartres Cathedral, c.
1210; rightâCoronation of theVirgin, Notre Dame
Cathedral, Paris, c. 1210.
14. Medieval image of Mary and Eve
âTheTree of Life and Death,â by Berthold Furtmeyer, Archbishop of Salzburgâs Missal, 1481
AD.
15. Mystics and saints
Fresco of Saint Claire (l) and Saint Elizabeth of Hungary (r), by Simone Martini, 1317, Capella di San Martino,
San Francesco, Assisi, Italy.
⢠Hildegard of Bingen, d. 1178
⢠St. Elizabeth of Hungary, d. 1231
⢠St. Clare of Assisi, d. 1253
⢠The order of the Poor Clares
⢠St. Catherine of Siena, d. 1380
⢠Anchoresses
16. Hildegardâs visions
LeftâHildegard dictating a vision to a scribe, Liber Scivias, as preserved in the Rupertsberger Codex, c. 1180; centerâthe cosmic tree,
Liber Scivias;
rightâan image of the universe, Liber Scivias.
17. Suspicious mystics
Illumination of Margery Kempe, from MS. Royal 15 D. 1, British Library, London.
⢠Beguines
⢠Beguinages
⢠Hadewijch of Brabant, d. circa 1240
⢠Margery Kempe, d. 1438
18. Mystic and heretic
Portrait of Joan of Arc, c. 1485, Archives Nationales, Paris.
⢠Joan of Arc, d. 1431
⢠The HundredYearsâWar, 1337-1453
⢠Jean la Pucelle (the Maiden)
19. Heretics
Depiction ofWaldensians, in Martin le France, âLe Champion des Dames,â c. 1440,
Bibliotheque Nationale Grenoble.
⢠Waldensians
⢠Founded by PeterValdes, d. 1216
⢠Cathars
⢠13th-14th centuries
⢠Perfecti
⢠Lollards
⢠Founded by JohnWycliffe, d. 1384
Hinweis der Redaktion
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A third century stone inlay image of JC.
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Third century mosaic of St. Paul.
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This fresco is an image of an early Xian woman from a catacomb in Rome. There seems to be a suggestion of a veil covering her hair, which would have pleased St. Paul as he said that womenâs hair should be covered when they prophesied or prayed in public.
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Painted panel icon in the monastery of St. Catherine, Mt. Sinai Egypt, 6th to 7th centuries. Virgin and child between sts Theodore and George.
Endeâs illumination of the apocalypse from âCommentary on the apocalypse of St. Johnâ by Beatus of Gerona
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Chartres Cathedral, 1205-1210. Notre Dameâbottom Mary holds baby Jesus; center, Mary on death bed; top Mary being crowned by Jesus in heaven.
Ss Clare and Elizabeth of Hungary
Image of Margery Kempe from MS royal 15 D 1, British Library.
Joan of Arc. Jean la Pucelle.
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MS image of Waldensians riding on broom sticks. Already being associated with witches.