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1. Accounting for Inventories http://accountinginfo.com/study/inventory/inventory-121.htm
Accounting Study Guide
U.S. GAAP IFRS, IAS Accounting Topics
Comparison of Inventory Valuation Methods
U.S. GAAP Codification, Accounting Standards ASC,
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)
U.S. GAAP by Topic, Accounting by Topic, Securities Law Library
Inventory Valuation Methods
First-in First-out (FIFO)
Last-in First-out (LIFO)
Moving Average Method
Weighted Average Method
Dollar Value LIFO
FIFO, LIFO, Perpetual, Periodic
Under FIFO, it is assumed that items purchased first are sold first.
Under LIFO, it is assumed that items purchased last are sold first.
Perpetual inventory system updates inventory accounts after each purchase or sale.
Periodic inventory system records inventory purchase or sale in "Purchases" account.
"Purchases" account is updated continuously, however, "Inventory" account is updated on a periodic basis, at the
end of each accounting period (e.g., monthly, quarterly)
Example 1 (Company A)
Inventory transactions in May 2010.
Units Purchased
Date Transactions Unit Cost Inventory Units
(Sold)
May 1 Beginning Inventory 700 $10 700
May 3 Purchase 100 $12 800
May 8 Sale (500) ?? 300
May 15 Purchase 600 $14 900
May 19 Purchase 200 $15 1,100
May 25 Sale (400) ?? 700
May 27 Sale (100) ?? 600
May 31 Ending Inventory ??
Ending Inventory = Beginning Inventory + Units Purchased - Units Sold
= 700 + 900 - 1,000 = 600 units
Click here for calculations of cost of goods sold and cost of ending inventory under various inventory valuation
methods.
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2. Accounting for Inventories http://accountinginfo.com/study/inventory/inventory-121.htm
Comparison of FIFO and LIFO
FIFO vs. LIFO
Beginning inventory +
Cost of goods sold Cost of ending inventory
Purchases
FIFO, Perpetual $11,000 $8,600 $19,600
LIFO, Perpetual $12,400 $7,200 $19,600
FIFO, Periodic $11,000 $8,600 $19,600
LIFO, Periodic $13,600 $6,000 $19,600
Moving average, Perpetual $11,705 $7,895 $19,600
Weighted average, Periodic $12,250 $7,350 $19,600
Example 1 shows that per unit purchase cost increases continuously throughout the period ($10 --> $12 --> $14
--> $15).
FIFO assumes that items purchased FIRST are sold FIRST.
--> Cost of old purchase is recorded as cost of goods sold.
--> Cost of recent purchases is recorded as cost of ending inventory.
--> When price goes up, old price is lower than recent price.
--> Cost of goods sold is lower for FIFO. ($11,000 < $12,400)
--> Cost of ending inventory is higher for FIFO. ($8,600 > $7,200)
LIFO assumes that items purchased LAST are sold FIRST.
--> Cost of recent purchase is recorded as cost of goods sold.
--> Cost of old purchases is recorded as cost of ending inventory.
--> When price goes up, recent price is higher than old price.
--> Cost of goods sold is higher for LIFO. ($12,400 > $11,000)
--> Cost of ending inventory is lower for LIFO. ($7,200 < $8,600)
FIFO, Perpetual Cost of Goods Sold = FIFO, Periodic Cost of Goods Sold
($11,000 = $11,000)
FIFO, Perpetual Inventory Cost = FIFO, Periodic Inventory Cost
($8,600 = $8,600)
LIFO, Perpetual Cost of Goods Sold < LIFO, Periodic Cost of Goods Sold
($12,400 < $13,600)
LIFO, Perpetual Inventory Cost > LIFO, Periodic Inventory Cost
($7,200 > $6,000)
Moving average, Perpetual Cost of Goods Sold
< Weighted average, Periodic Cost of Goods Sold
($11,750 < $12,250)
Moving average, Perpetual Inventory Cost
> Weighted average, Periodic Inventory Cost
($7,895 > $7,350)
Click here for calculations of cost of goods sold and cost of ending inventory under various inventory valuation
methods.
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3. Accounting for Inventories http://accountinginfo.com/study/inventory/inventory-121.htm
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Example 1-1 (Perpetual Recording, FIFO Valuation)
FIFO valuation under perpetual inventory system
Cost of goods sold = $11,000
Cost of ending inventory = $8,600
Example 1-2 (Perpetual Recording, LIFO Valuation)
LIFO valuation under perpetual inventory system
Cost of goods sold = $12,400
Cost of ending inventory = $7,200
Example 1-3 (Periodic Recording, FIFO Valuation)
FIFO valuation under periodic inventory system
Cost of goods sold = $11,000
Cost of ending inventory = $8,600
Example 1-4 (Periodic Recording, LIFO Valuation)
LIFO valuation under periodic inventory system
Cost of goods sold = $13,600
Cost of ending inventory = $6,000
Example 1-5 (Perpetual Recording, Moving Average Valuation)
Moving Average valuation under perpetual inventory system
Cost of goods sold = $11,705
Cost of ending inventory = $7,895
Example 1-6 (Periodic Recording, Weighted Average Valuation)
Weighted Average valuation under periodic inventory system
Cost of goods sold = $12,250
Cost of ending inventory = $7,350
Dollar Value LIFO
Dollar Value LIFO valuation method
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4. Accounting for Inventories http://accountinginfo.com/study/inventory/inventory-121.htm
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