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[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Circles under your eyes  Coffee break
[object Object],[object Object],Circles under your eyes  Coffee break
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Group Activity
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Children at Work ,[object Object]
Primary Sources ,[object Object],Group members: _______________________________________________________________________ Date: ___________________  ANALYZING A PHOTOGRAPHIC DOCUMENT  Analyze the photograph assigned to your group, recording responses in the boxes provided. Write a group response to complete the statement beneath the chart.  Photograph title:  __________________________________________________________________________________  What we see  What we think  What we wonder  What we feel  As a group, write a response to the following statement on the back of this page.  If we were in this picture, . . . (what would we be doing, feeling, hoping, wondering?)  Copyright 2006 IRA/NCTE. All rights reserved.  ReadWriteThink.org materials may be reproduced for educational purposes.
Child Labor ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Square Dance  Two-faced
 
Main Idea:   The Industrial Revolution stated in England and soon spread elsewhere.  Why it Matters Now:   The changes that began in Britain paved the way for modern industrial societies. The Industrial Revolution Begins  1700 Agriculture Wealthy landholders enclosed their land with fences. These large fields were called  Enclosures. Enclosures were important because: -experimented with new agricultural methods -forced small farmers to become  tenant  farmers  or to move to the cities Jethro Tull - first of these scientific farmers -created  seed drill  in 1701 (well placed rows at  specific depths
Crop Rotation One of the best developments of the farmers. i.e. wheat, turnips, barely, clover kept land fertile Breeders Robert Bakewell   -increased mutton output by allowing only the best sheep  to breed - increased weight of lambs from 18lbs to 50lbs in 86  years Food supplies increased which improved living conditions…population increased
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Round of applause  day in and day out
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3. Expanding Economy   Britain had all the  FACTORS OF PRODUCTION  a.  land  b. labor  c. capital d. entrepreneurship
Textiles 1. John Kay  a . flying shuttle (1733) b. doubled the work of one weaver 2. James Hargreaves a. spinning wheel  b.(spinning Jenny 1764)  c. one spinner 8 threads a. time 3.Edward Cartwright a. power loom 4.  Eli Whitney a . cotton gin   removed seeds from cotton 1.5 million to 85 million These are all bulky, spinning and weaving moved from home to  factories.  Large buildings were merchants set up the machines.
These are all bulky, spinning and weaving moved from home to  factories:  Large buildings were merchants set up the machines.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Transportation Inventions Steam Engine –  James Watt made the steam engine work faster and more efficiently (1765) Water 1.  Robert Fulton  steam to propel boats (US) -creation of canals within GB transported goods  quickly Road 1.  John McAdam  - created roadbeds with crushed stones and  drainage. “macadam roads”  2. investors paid for roads to built then charged to let  people use them  Toll Roads
The Inventions Spur Technological Advances 1700 Transportation Railway Age -George Stephenson  1804 engineer  Rocket  - cheap way to transport materials and finished  products -created thousands of new jobs for RR workers and  minors -railroads boosted farming and fishing  - people took jobs in other cities
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Before the Bell:
Industrialization: Changes the Way of Life Urbanization: (city building and movement into cities) -1800s shifted from rural to cities -factories build in clusters to be near sources of  energy -London had over 1 mill. (twice as many as Paris) Living Conditions: -no plans, poor housing, no sanitation, no police -cholera epidemics – 1842 life span 17 years for working  class in large city compared to 38 in country Working Conditions: -14 hours a day, 6 days a week -poorly lit, no help if injured, coal miners life 10 yrs  shorter than everyone else Main Idea:   The factory system changed the way people lived and worked, introducing a variety of problems. Why it Matters Now :  The difficult process of industrialization is being repeated in many countries today.
Industrialization: Changes the Way of Life Class Tensions - upper class  – well-to-do merchants and factory  owners lived in nice houses and had money - middle class  – new skilled workers, professionals,  business people and wealthy farmers changed life there (social status same for awhile) -lower class  – frustrated saw jobs disappear replaced  with machines  Luddites- attacked whole factories in northern  England , other mob disorder
Upper Class Upper Middle Class Lower Middle Class Working Class In your notes create a similar pyramid.  Using the information on pgs. 639-640 List the types of laborers and professionals that would be included in each group.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
An Age of Reforms Philosophers Adam Smith –  laissez-faire  “hands off” the government should allow free trade (no tariffs/taxes) on foreign goods . The Wealth of Nations  1776  Capitalism –  economic system which money is invested in business with the goal of making a profit Thomas Malthus Essay on the Principle of Population  1798 population increases faster than food supply (need wars and epidemics to “kill off” people) David Ricardo Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (1819) there would always be poor in a market system if there were many workers and abundant resources, then labor and resources are cheap.  Wages forced down as population increased.  Opposed government efforts to help poor workers Main Idea:   The Industrial Revolution lead to economic, social, and political reforms. Why it Matters Now:   Many modern social welfare programs developed during this time period.
An Age of Reforms Rise of Socialism Utilitarianism Jeremy Bentham  –  -People should judge ideas, institutions and actions on the  basis of their usefulness.  -Government promote greatest good for greatest number of people John Stuart Mill -led the movement, against capitalism -equal division of profits  -pushed for changes in legal and prison systems and education Utopian Ideas Robert Owen -factory owner, improved working conditions for employees (low rents, no children under 10 working) -started a community in New Harmony, Indiana (lasted 3 yrs)
Read pg. 643- 646 and create a 10 question quiz (include the answers). I’ll use it to create a quiz for you over this section.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Before the Bell: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Fill in the circles so that each side of the triangle equals 17.
An Age of Reforms Rise of Socialism Socialism and Marxism Socialism  -factors of production are owned by the public and are operated for everyone’s benefit -optimistic view of human nature -government should get involved and control factories, mines, RRs, better than greedy employers The Communist Manifesto 1848 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles bourgeoisie  – the haves (the wealthy) proletariat –  the have nots (the average person) Dictatorship of the Proletariat
An Age of Reforms Unionization and Other Reforms: Unions  –  workers join together to make changes -Collective bargaining  – negotiations between workers and  their  employers -Strike –  refuse to work   -American Federation of Labor  AFL a combination of several  labor unions together in 1886 Reform Laws Factory Act -children under 9 no work, 9-12 8/hrs/day, 13-17 12/hrs/day Mine Acts  – women not underground 10 Hours act 1847 –  women and children
An Age of Reforms Reform Laws Abolition of Slavery – William Wilberforce Jane Addams –  settlement house pg. 652 Horace Mann –  free public education 1850s
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Request

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Ch 25 Industrialization

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.  
  • 10. Main Idea: The Industrial Revolution stated in England and soon spread elsewhere. Why it Matters Now: The changes that began in Britain paved the way for modern industrial societies. The Industrial Revolution Begins 1700 Agriculture Wealthy landholders enclosed their land with fences. These large fields were called Enclosures. Enclosures were important because: -experimented with new agricultural methods -forced small farmers to become tenant farmers or to move to the cities Jethro Tull - first of these scientific farmers -created seed drill in 1701 (well placed rows at specific depths
  • 11. Crop Rotation One of the best developments of the farmers. i.e. wheat, turnips, barely, clover kept land fertile Breeders Robert Bakewell -increased mutton output by allowing only the best sheep to breed - increased weight of lambs from 18lbs to 50lbs in 86 years Food supplies increased which improved living conditions…population increased
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. Textiles 1. John Kay a . flying shuttle (1733) b. doubled the work of one weaver 2. James Hargreaves a. spinning wheel b.(spinning Jenny 1764) c. one spinner 8 threads a. time 3.Edward Cartwright a. power loom 4. Eli Whitney a . cotton gin removed seeds from cotton 1.5 million to 85 million These are all bulky, spinning and weaving moved from home to factories. Large buildings were merchants set up the machines.
  • 15. These are all bulky, spinning and weaving moved from home to factories: Large buildings were merchants set up the machines.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18. Transportation Inventions Steam Engine – James Watt made the steam engine work faster and more efficiently (1765) Water 1. Robert Fulton steam to propel boats (US) -creation of canals within GB transported goods quickly Road 1. John McAdam - created roadbeds with crushed stones and drainage. “macadam roads” 2. investors paid for roads to built then charged to let people use them Toll Roads
  • 19. The Inventions Spur Technological Advances 1700 Transportation Railway Age -George Stephenson 1804 engineer Rocket - cheap way to transport materials and finished products -created thousands of new jobs for RR workers and minors -railroads boosted farming and fishing - people took jobs in other cities
  • 20.
  • 21. Industrialization: Changes the Way of Life Urbanization: (city building and movement into cities) -1800s shifted from rural to cities -factories build in clusters to be near sources of energy -London had over 1 mill. (twice as many as Paris) Living Conditions: -no plans, poor housing, no sanitation, no police -cholera epidemics – 1842 life span 17 years for working class in large city compared to 38 in country Working Conditions: -14 hours a day, 6 days a week -poorly lit, no help if injured, coal miners life 10 yrs shorter than everyone else Main Idea: The factory system changed the way people lived and worked, introducing a variety of problems. Why it Matters Now : The difficult process of industrialization is being repeated in many countries today.
  • 22. Industrialization: Changes the Way of Life Class Tensions - upper class – well-to-do merchants and factory owners lived in nice houses and had money - middle class – new skilled workers, professionals, business people and wealthy farmers changed life there (social status same for awhile) -lower class – frustrated saw jobs disappear replaced with machines Luddites- attacked whole factories in northern England , other mob disorder
  • 23. Upper Class Upper Middle Class Lower Middle Class Working Class In your notes create a similar pyramid. Using the information on pgs. 639-640 List the types of laborers and professionals that would be included in each group.
  • 24.
  • 25. An Age of Reforms Philosophers Adam Smith – laissez-faire “hands off” the government should allow free trade (no tariffs/taxes) on foreign goods . The Wealth of Nations 1776 Capitalism – economic system which money is invested in business with the goal of making a profit Thomas Malthus Essay on the Principle of Population 1798 population increases faster than food supply (need wars and epidemics to “kill off” people) David Ricardo Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (1819) there would always be poor in a market system if there were many workers and abundant resources, then labor and resources are cheap. Wages forced down as population increased. Opposed government efforts to help poor workers Main Idea: The Industrial Revolution lead to economic, social, and political reforms. Why it Matters Now: Many modern social welfare programs developed during this time period.
  • 26. An Age of Reforms Rise of Socialism Utilitarianism Jeremy Bentham – -People should judge ideas, institutions and actions on the basis of their usefulness. -Government promote greatest good for greatest number of people John Stuart Mill -led the movement, against capitalism -equal division of profits -pushed for changes in legal and prison systems and education Utopian Ideas Robert Owen -factory owner, improved working conditions for employees (low rents, no children under 10 working) -started a community in New Harmony, Indiana (lasted 3 yrs)
  • 27. Read pg. 643- 646 and create a 10 question quiz (include the answers). I’ll use it to create a quiz for you over this section.
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  • 29. An Age of Reforms Rise of Socialism Socialism and Marxism Socialism -factors of production are owned by the public and are operated for everyone’s benefit -optimistic view of human nature -government should get involved and control factories, mines, RRs, better than greedy employers The Communist Manifesto 1848 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles bourgeoisie – the haves (the wealthy) proletariat – the have nots (the average person) Dictatorship of the Proletariat
  • 30. An Age of Reforms Unionization and Other Reforms: Unions – workers join together to make changes -Collective bargaining – negotiations between workers and their employers -Strike – refuse to work -American Federation of Labor AFL a combination of several labor unions together in 1886 Reform Laws Factory Act -children under 9 no work, 9-12 8/hrs/day, 13-17 12/hrs/day Mine Acts – women not underground 10 Hours act 1847 – women and children
  • 31. An Age of Reforms Reform Laws Abolition of Slavery – William Wilberforce Jane Addams – settlement house pg. 652 Horace Mann – free public education 1850s
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