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Antena By Uke Kurniawan Usman Laboratoria SISKOM – STT Telkom [email_address]
Antenna - How it Works The antenna converts radio frequency electrical energy fed to it (via the transmission line) to an electromagnetic wave propagated into space.  The physical size of the radiating element is proportional to the wavelength.  The higher the frequency, the smaller the antenna size. Assuming that the operating frequency in both cases is the same, the antenna will perform identically in Transmit or Receive mode
The type of system you are installing will help determine the type of antenna used.  Generally speaking, there are two ‘types’ of antennae: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2.  Omni-Directional -  this type of antenna has a wide beamwidth and radiates 3600;  with the power being more spread out, shorter distances are achieved but greater coverage attained -  Omni antenna
Macam – maca konfigurasi antena  Dipole   Dipole dengan pemantul  Yagi Dipole dengan pemantul dan penyearah  Horn  Hpbw Parabola dengan prime focus  Parabola dengan casegrain
Yagi ,[object Object],[object Object]
Parabolic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sectoral ,[object Object],[object Object]
Omni ,[object Object],[object Object]
Polarization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],No matter what polarity you choose, all antennas in the same RF network must be polarized identically regardless of the antenna type.
Polarization Vertical Horizontal Vertical Polarization: The electric field is vertical to the ground (In the maximum gain direction) Horizontal Polarization: The electric field is parallel to the ground (In the maximum gain direction)
+ 45degree slant - 45degree slant Polarization
V/H (Vertical/Horizontal) Slant (+/- 45°) Polarization
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Horizontal Vertical
Radiation Pattern    A graphical representation of the intensity of the radiation vs. the angle from the perpendicular.    The graph is usually circular, the intensity indicated by the distance from the centre based  in the corresponding angle. Antenna Radiation Pattern
Radiation Patern Omnidirectional Radiation Pattern boresight main lobe side lobe (elevation)
Side lobes Upper Side Lobe  Suppression  (dB)
[object Object],Contoh Radiation Patern Dipoles Transmission line ,[object Object],[object Object],Reflector Driven element (dipole) Directors ,[object Object],Directional Radiation Pattern main lobe main lobe side lobe back lobe ,[object Object],[object Object]
Antenna Radiation pattern Directional Antenna Radiation Pattern Horizontal plane  Vertical plane
Antenna Radiation pattern Horizontal plane  Vertical plane Omni-directional Antenna Radiation Pattern
Typical Radiation Pattern for a Yagi
Typical Radiation Pattern for a Sector
Pattern
Gain Unless otherwise specified, the gain usually refers to the direction of maximum  radiation.
Antenna gain is usually expressed in  dBi  or  dBd dBi  Gain relative to an isotropic antenna when the reference antenna is an isotropic antenna. dBd Gain relative to a half-wave dipole when the reference antenna is a half-wave dipole. Gain Unit
half-wave dipole isotropic radiator eg:  0dBd  =  2.15dBi dBd and dBi 2.15dB
Dipoles Wavelength 1/2 Wavelength 1/4 Wavelength 1/4 Wavelength 1/2 Wavelength Dipole   1900MHz  : 78.95 mm   800MHz  : 187.5mm
GAIN = 10log(4mW/1mW) = 6dBd Dipoles One  dipole  Received Power : 1mW multiple dipoles   Received Power  : 4 mW
10log(8mW/1mW) = 9dBd Dipoles Sector antenna Received Power  : 8mW Omnidirectional array   Received Power  : 4mW (down look) Antenna
9.5 W forward: 10W reverse: 0.5W Return Loss : 10log(10/0.5) = 13dB VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) VSWR ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],80  ohms 50 ohms
Beamwidth 120° (eg) Peak Peak - 10dB Peak - 10dB 10dB Beamwidth 60° (eg) Peak Peak - 3dB Peak - 3dB 3dB Beamwidth

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Antena

  • 1. Antena By Uke Kurniawan Usman Laboratoria SISKOM – STT Telkom [email_address]
  • 2. Antenna - How it Works The antenna converts radio frequency electrical energy fed to it (via the transmission line) to an electromagnetic wave propagated into space. The physical size of the radiating element is proportional to the wavelength. The higher the frequency, the smaller the antenna size. Assuming that the operating frequency in both cases is the same, the antenna will perform identically in Transmit or Receive mode
  • 3.
  • 4. Macam – maca konfigurasi antena Dipole Dipole dengan pemantul Yagi Dipole dengan pemantul dan penyearah Horn Hpbw Parabola dengan prime focus Parabola dengan casegrain
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. Polarization Vertical Horizontal Vertical Polarization: The electric field is vertical to the ground (In the maximum gain direction) Horizontal Polarization: The electric field is parallel to the ground (In the maximum gain direction)
  • 11. + 45degree slant - 45degree slant Polarization
  • 12. V/H (Vertical/Horizontal) Slant (+/- 45°) Polarization
  • 13.
  • 14. Radiation Pattern  A graphical representation of the intensity of the radiation vs. the angle from the perpendicular.  The graph is usually circular, the intensity indicated by the distance from the centre based in the corresponding angle. Antenna Radiation Pattern
  • 15. Radiation Patern Omnidirectional Radiation Pattern boresight main lobe side lobe (elevation)
  • 16. Side lobes Upper Side Lobe Suppression (dB)
  • 17.
  • 18. Antenna Radiation pattern Directional Antenna Radiation Pattern Horizontal plane Vertical plane
  • 19. Antenna Radiation pattern Horizontal plane Vertical plane Omni-directional Antenna Radiation Pattern
  • 23. Gain Unless otherwise specified, the gain usually refers to the direction of maximum radiation.
  • 24. Antenna gain is usually expressed in dBi or dBd dBi Gain relative to an isotropic antenna when the reference antenna is an isotropic antenna. dBd Gain relative to a half-wave dipole when the reference antenna is a half-wave dipole. Gain Unit
  • 25. half-wave dipole isotropic radiator eg: 0dBd = 2.15dBi dBd and dBi 2.15dB
  • 26. Dipoles Wavelength 1/2 Wavelength 1/4 Wavelength 1/4 Wavelength 1/2 Wavelength Dipole 1900MHz : 78.95 mm 800MHz : 187.5mm
  • 27. GAIN = 10log(4mW/1mW) = 6dBd Dipoles One dipole Received Power : 1mW multiple dipoles Received Power : 4 mW
  • 28. 10log(8mW/1mW) = 9dBd Dipoles Sector antenna Received Power : 8mW Omnidirectional array Received Power : 4mW (down look) Antenna
  • 29.
  • 30. Beamwidth 120° (eg) Peak Peak - 10dB Peak - 10dB 10dB Beamwidth 60° (eg) Peak Peak - 3dB Peak - 3dB 3dB Beamwidth