16. Caveolar transport through nasal epithelium of birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 in allergic patients Joenv ää r ä JACI 2009;124:135 Often the clusters of Bet v 1 were located in the vicinity of desmosomes. After 1 minute of nasal birch pollen challenge, most of the gold label in immuno-EM was on the epithelial surface.

17. Caveolar transport through nasal epithelium of birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 in allergic patients Joenv ää r ä JACI 2009;124:135 More than 500 individual photograph frames to show the cross-section of the entire pseudostratified epithelium with underlying mast cells.

23. Possible role of climate changes in variations in pollen seasons and allergic sensitizations during 27 years Ariano Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010;104:215–222. Parietaria Linear trend lines are shown in red. % of sensitized patients Total pollen count Duration of the pollen season

25. 40 – 30 – 20 – 10 – 0 In sensitized children % with past-year rhinoconjunctivitis ever hay fever 27.7% OR=2.34 27.0% OR=2.40 30.4% OR=2.95 ever allergic rhinitis caused by allergens other than pollens Alternaria sensitization and allergic rhinitis with or without asthma in the French Six Cities study Z. A. Randriamanantany, Allergy 2010;65;368

26. Alternaria sensitization and allergic rhinitis with or without asthma in the French Six Cities study Z. A. Randriamanantany, Allergy 2010;65;368 40 – 30 – 20 – 10 – 0 Insensitized children % with past-year rhinoconjunctivitis ever hay fever 27.7% OR=2.34 27.0% OR=2.40 30.4% OR=2.95 ever allergic rhinitis caused by allergens other than pollens we found a link between Alternaria sensitization and allergic rhinitis , independently of asthma, which is compatible with the mechanisms of deposition of Alternaria in the upper airways

33. Objective assessments of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis in young children . Chawes Allergy 2009:64:1547 Nasal eosinophilia Eosinophils were counted by light microscopy at high-power (oil immersion, ×1000). Rating was done according to Meltzer's semi-quantitative scale evaluating the mean number of eosinophils per 10 high-power field: (0) 0 cells, (½+) 0.1–1.0 cells, (1+) 1.1–5.0 cells, (2+) 5.1–15.0 cells, (3+) 15.1–20.0 cells, (4+) >20.0 cells. (Howarth PH, J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;115(3 Suppl. 1):S414–S441) Nasal eosinophilia was defined as ≥1+ and analysed as a dichotomized variable.

39. Sleep actigraphy evidence of improved sleep after treatment of allergic rhinitis Yuksel Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2009;103:290 Pre Post 1.5 – 1.0 – 0.5 – 0 0.57 Results from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ( PSQI) Controls 1.5 – 1.0 – 0.5 – 0 Pre Post Controls 1.29 0.50 1.29 0.36 0.43 ns ns p=0.004 p<0.001 Treatment Sleep Latency Sleep Disturbation Treatment

40. Sleep actigraphy evidence of improved sleep after treatment of allergic rhinitis Yuksel Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2009;103:290 87% Results from Actigraphy 64% 89% 28 13 11 p<0.01 p<0.001 (Nocturnal sleep time divided by time in bed) 90 – 80 – 70 – 60 – 50 – 40 – 30 – 20 – 10 – 0 100 – 30 – 25 – 20 – 15 – 10 – 0 5 – 0 Pre Post Controls Pre Post Controls Sleep Efficiency Fragmentation Index (No/d) Treatment Treatment

41. Background: Although allergic rhinitis (AR) is accepted as a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), the role of nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) is unknown. Objective: To compare OSAS in patients with AR vs NAR. Allergic and nonallergic rhinitis: the threat for obstructive sleep apnea Kalpaklıoglu Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2009;103:20

49. Burden of allergic rhinitis: Results from the Pediatric Allergies in America survey Meltzer JACI 2009;124:S43 EFFECT OF AR ON THE SOCIAL HEALTH OF CHILDREN Parent's perceptions on the effect of nasal allergy symptoms on children's sleep*. Parent's perceptions on the effect of nasal allergy symptoms on children's activities. B A *p<0.001 *p<0.001 † † allergens affect sleep “a lot or some”

50. Burden of allergic rhinitis: Results from the Pediatric Allergies in America survey Meltzer JACI 2009;124:S43 B A REASONS FOR DISSATISFACTION WITH MEDICATION AND REDUCED ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT Reasons for requesting a change in prescription nasal allergy medications. Reasons for dissatisfaction with prescription nasal allergy medication.

51. Rhinitis and asthma

56. ( a ) Nasal and ( b ) bronchial biopsies obtained from the same patient with mild asthma showing CD8 T lymphocyte immunoreactivity of nasal and bronchial biopsies, epithelial columnar cells, epithelial shedding and basement membrane. Upper airway · 1: Allergic rhinitis and asthma: united disease through epithelial cells Bourdin Thorax 2009; 64: 999

60. Association of childhood perennial allergic rhinitis with subclinical airflow limitation Ciprandi, CEA 2010;40:398

70. Background: Allergic rhinitis is common, but a validated tool for comprehensive assessment of disease control is not available. Objective: To develop a simple patient-completed instrument (the Rhinitis Control Assessment Test [RCAT]) to help detect problems with control of rhinitis symptoms. Psychometric validation of the Rhinitis Control Assessment Test: a brief patient-completed instrument for evaluating rhinitis symptom control Schatz Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2010;104:118

81. Risk of first-generation H1-antihistamines: a GA2LEN position paper M. K. Church, Allergy 2010;65;459 The penetration (red colouring) of (A) diphenhydramine, a first-generation H1-antihistamine, and (B) bepotastine, a second-generation H1-antihistamine, into human brain shown by positron emission tomography A map of histaminergic neurons emanating from the tuberomamillary nucleus in the brain

82. Risk of first-generation H1-antihistamines: a GA2LEN position paper M. K. Church, Allergy 2010;65;459 Sleep/wake cycle and the effects of a first-generation H1-antihistamine leading to somnolence during the day and abnormal sleep at night reduce and delayed rapid eye movement (REM)-sleep The effect of allergic rhinitis on learning in children and the influence of a first-generation (diphenhydramine) and second-generation (loratadine) H1-antihistamine

83. Suppression of histamine-and allergen-induced skin reactions: comparison of first- and second-generation antihistamines dos Santos Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2009;102:495 Abstract: Background: Nonsedating antihistamines (nsAHs) are recommended as first-line therapeutics for the treatment of mast cell-driven disorders, including allergic rhinitis and urticaria. However, their superiority over first-generation AHs (fgAHs) has recently been called into question, mainly because of the lack of supporting head-to-head therapeutic studies. Objective: To compare the effects of 3 modern nsAHs with those of the fgAH hydroxyzine on histamine- and allergen-induced skin reactions in a controlled, double-blind, clinical trial.

88. Mean change from baseline in eyelid swelling. Mean change from baseline in tearing score. Evaluation of desloratadine on conjunctival allergen challenge-induced ocular symptoms Torkildsen CEA 2010;39:1052 * P <0.03 * P <0.003

90. Mean weekly changes vs placebo in nasal congestion (A), total nasal symptoms (B) and rhinorrhea (C). Desloratadine relieves nasal congestion and improves quality-of-life in persistent allergic rhinitis Holmberg Allergy 2009:64:1663 *P < 0.05; †P < 0.53

91. Mean improvement from baseline in total Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire scores and individual domains after administration of desloratadine 5 mg or placebo QD, at day 7 (A) and day 28 (B) . Desloratadine relieves nasal congestion and improves quality-of-life in persistent allergic rhinitis Holmberg Allergy 2009:64:1663 A day 7 QoL B day 28 QoL

100. Steroid sparing effects of intranasal corticosteroids in asthma and allergic rhinitis A. Nair, Allergy 2010;65;355 Comparison of treatment effects on lower airway outcomes: Methacholine PC20 exhaled tidal NO asthma quality of life

101. Steroid sparing effects of intranasal corticosteroids in asthma and allergic rhinitis A. Nair, Allergy 2010;65;355 Comparison of treatment effects on lower airway outcomes: Methacholine PC20 exhaled tidal NO asthma quality of life Combined treatment was not significantly different from low dose fluticasone and we could not demonstrate a steroid sparing effect on methacholine PC20

102. Steroid sparing effects of intranasal corticosteroids in asthma and allergic rhinitis A. Nair, Allergy 2010;65;355 Comparison of treatment effects on upper airway outcomes: Peak nasal inspiratory flow Nasal NO rhinitis QoL

103. Steroid sparing effects of intranasal corticosteroids in asthma and allergic rhinitis A. Nair, Allergy 2010;65;355 Comparison of treatment effects on upper airway outcomes: Peak nasal inspiratory flow Nasal NO rhinitis QoL Combined treatment alone produced improvements in upper airway outcomes and suppressed systemic inflammation but not adrenal function

105. The highest retention in nasal tissue was observed for FF, followed by FP>MF>Bud>TCA 183 1 p<0.0005 P=0.001 Relationship between the binding of the analysed glucocorticoids to human nasal tissue and relative affinities to the human glucocorticoid receptor. The coefficient of correlation was r = 0.971 (P  0.01) Dissolution in nasal fluid, retention and anti-inflammatory activity of fluticasone furoate in human nasal tissue ex vivo Baumann Clinical & Experimental Allergy 2009;39:1540

106. The highest retention in nasal tissue was observed for FF, followed by FP>MF>Bud>TCA 183 1 p<0.0005 P=0.001 Relationship between the binding of the analysed glucocorticoids to human nasal tissue and relative affinities to the human glucocorticoid receptor. The coefficient of correlation was r = 0.971 (P  0.01) Dissolution in nasal fluid, retention and anti-inflammatory activity of fluticasone furoate in human nasal tissue ex vivo Baumann Clinical & Experimental Allergy 2009;39:1540 Low application volume per spray is a prerequisite for effective drug utilization by avoiding immediate loss by nose runoff or drip down the throat.

127. sinusite

128. Criteria To Screen for Chronic Sinonasal Disease Dixon CHEST 2009; 136:1324 Background: Sinusitis and rhinitis are associated with uncontrolled asthma. There are no simple, validated tools to screen for these diseases. The objective of this study was to assess instruments to assist in the diagnosis of chronic sinonasal disease. Methods: Participants without acute sinonasal symptoms underwent an extensive evaluation. The results were submitted to an expert panel that used the Delphi method to achieve consensus. Using the consensus diagnosis of the panel, we determined the sensitivity and specificity of test procedures to diagnose chronic sinonasal disease. We determined the reproducibility of the most sensitive and specific instrument in a separate cohort.

130. OVER THE LAST 3 MONTHS HOW OFTEN, ON AVERAGE, DID YOU HAVE THE FOLLOWING SYMPTOMS? Scoring: Never (0), 1-4 times per month (1), 2- 6 times per week (2), and daily (3). Score reported as average of 5 items: range of possible scores 0 - 3. Criteria To Screen for Chronic Sinonasal Disease Dixon CHEST 2009; 136:1324 Never 1-4 times per month 2-6 times per week Daily Runny nose Post nasal drip Need to blow your nose Facial pain/pressure Nasal obstruction

131. OVER THE LAST 3 MONTHS HOW OFTEN, ON AVERAGE, DID YOU HAVE THE FOLLOWING SYMPTOMS? Scoring: Never (0), 1-4 times per month (1), 2- 6 times per week (2), and daily (3). Score reported as average of 5 items: range of possible scores 0 - 3. A cutpoint of 1 (experiencing each symptom an average of one to four times per month) was highly sensitive and specific for diagnosing chronic sinonasal disease. Criteria To Screen for Chronic Sinonasal Disease Dixon CHEST 2009; 136:1324 Never 1-4 times per month 2-6 times per week Daily Runny nose Post nasal drip Need to blow your nose Facial pain/pressure Nasal obstruction

132. OVER THE LAST 3 MONTHS HOW OFTEN, ON AVERAGE, DID YOU HAVE THE FOLLOWING SYMPTOMS? Scoring: Never (0), 1-4 times per month (1), 2- 6 times per week (2), and daily (3). Score reported as average of 5 items: range of possible scores 0 - 3. In these circumstances, the Sino Nasal Questionnaire was superior to endoscopy and CT scan assessment using standard scoring systems Criteria To Screen for Chronic Sinonasal Disease Dixon CHEST 2009; 136:1324 Never 1-4 times per month 2-6 times per week Daily Runny nose Post nasal drip Need to blow your nose Facial pain/pressure Nasal obstruction

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