Grand Masterplans are great, except that if they're called a "DreamPlan" we are compelled to re-think, and get moving on elsewhere with urgency, to embrace global urbanization at local and community levels. If Metro/Mega Manila fails globally, the whole country will. Good quality efficient mass public transport accessible to/from affordable homes for the majority is key to pull everybody up, especially the poor and the vulnerable, to upward income mobility. But again we also know that takes time. So here we are wanting to solve our urban challenges differently by changing mindsets of political/community leaders, planners, developers and yes, ours. We have to bring back Metro Manila as a vibrant, competitive, resilient and healthy megacity and it starts with making communities walkable, bikeable and accessible to all. It's a very good, tried and tested way to re-boot and save the city. If you live here and choose to rather just complain and say "no" to being shaken off your little comfort zones, the city as you see now is the city you deserve. Re-consider being inspired by other successful urban cities and let's all help make it work here in Metro Manila.

1. Inclusive Mobility as one of Urban
Growth and Strategies for
Sustainable and Inclusive
Development in Human
Settlements
Ateneo School of Government
Image Courtesy of UN Habitat’s World Urban Campaign
Prepared by: Tina L.Velasco, Inclusive Mobility Network for ASoG

2. Course Objectives
1. To provide participants an overview of the
urban planning process to achieve sustainable
and inclusive development in human
settlements and the role of mobility
2. To learn more about urban growth and
strategies with particular focus on inclusive
mobility approaches to achieve this
• Current trends
• Linkage between urban form and mobility
• How cities manage urban transport & mobility

3. Global Urbanization Trends

4. The World’s Urban Population
Philippines predominantly urban: 55M pop, 64% of total population
Metro Manila classified as a major megacity >10M pop
US
246.2
Urban population in millions
81%
Urban percentage
Mexico
84.392
77%
Colombia
34.3
73%
Brazil
162.6
85%
Argentina
35.6
90%
Ukraine
30.9
68%
Russia
103.6
73%
China
559.2Urban population in millions
42%Urban percentage
Turkey
51.1
68%
Bangladesh
38.2
26%
Philippines
55.0
64%
Indonesia
114.1
50%
S Korea
39.0
81%
Japan
84.7
66%
Egypt
33.1
43%
S Africa
28.6
60%
Canada
26.3
Venezuela
26.0
Poland
23.9
Thailand
21.5
Australia
18.3
Netherlands
13.3
Peru
21.0
Saudi Arabia
20.9
Iraq
20.3
Vietnam
23.3
DR Congo
20.2
Algeria
22.0Morocco
19.4
Malaysia
18.1
Burma
16.5
Sudan
16.3
Chile
14.6
N Korea
14.1
Ethiopia
13.0
Uzbekistan
10.1
Tanzania
9.9
Romania
11.6
Ghana
11.3
Syria
10.2
Belgium
10.2
80%
94%
62%
33%
89%
81%
73%
81%
67%
27%
33%
65%
60%
69%
32%
43%
88%
62%
16%
37%
25%
54%
49%
51%
97%
Nigeria
68.6
50%
UK
54.0
90%
France
46.9
77%
Spain
33.6
77%
Italy
39.6
68%
Germany
62.0
75%
Iran
48.4
68%
Pakistan
59.3
36%
Cameroon
Angola
Ecuador
Ivory
Coast
Kazakh-
stan
Cuba
Afghan-
istan
Sweden
Kenya
Czech
Republic
9.5
9.3
8.7
8.6
8.6
8.5
7.8
7.6
7.6
7.4
Mozam-
bique
Hong
Kong
Belarus
Tunisia
Hungary
Greece
Israel
Guate-
mala
Portugal
Yemen
Dominican
Republic
Bolivia
Serbia &
Mont
Switzer-
land
Austria
Bulgaria
Mada-
gascar
Libya
Senegal
Jordan
Zimbabwe
Nepal
Denmark
Mali
Azerbaijan
Singapore
El
Salvador
Zambia
Uganda
Puerto
Rico
Paraguay
UAE
Benin
Norway
New
Zealand
Honduras
Haiti
Nicaragua
Guinea
Finland
Uruguay
Lebanon
Somalia
Sri Lanka
Cambodia
Slovakia
Costa Rica
Palestine
Kuwait
Togo
ChadBurkina
Ireland
Croatia
Congo
Niger
Sierra Leone
Malawi
Panama
Turkmenistan
Georgia
Lithuania
Liberia
Moldova
Rwanda
Kyrgyzstan
Oman
Armenia
Bosnia
Tajikistan
CAR
Melanesia
Latvia
Mongolia
Albania
Jamaica
Macedonia
Mauritania Laos
Gabon
Botswana
Slovenia
Eritrea
Estonia
Gambia
Burundi
Papua New Guinea
Namibia
Mauritius
Guinea-Bissau
Lesotho E Timor
Bhutan
Swaziland
Trinidad & Tobago
The earth reaches a momentous
milestone: by next year, for the first time
in history, more than half its population
will be living in cities. Those 3.3 billion
people are expected to grow to 5 billion
by 2030 — this unique map of the world
shows where those people live now
At the beginning of
the 20th century, the
world's urban
population was only
220 million, mainly in
the west
By 2030, the
towns and cities
of the developing
world will make
up 80% of urban
humanity
The new urban world
Predominantly urban
75% or over
Predominantly urban
50—74%
Predominantly rural
25—49% urban
Predominantly rural
0—24% urban
Cities over 10 million people
(greater urban area)
Key
Tokyo
33.4
Osaka
16.6
Seoul
23.2
Manila
15.4
Jakarta
14.9
Dacca
13.8
Bombay
21.3
Delhi
21.1 Calcutta
15.5
Karachi
14.8
Shanghai
17.3
Canton
14.5
Beijing
12.7
Moscow
13.4
Tehran
12.1
Cairo
15.9
Istanbul
11.7
London
12.0
Lagos
10.0
Mexico
City
22.1
New York
21.8
Sao Paulo
20.4
LA
17.9
Rio de
Janeiro
12.2
Buenos
Aires
13.5
3,307,950,000The world’s urban population — from a total of 6,615.9 million SOURCE: UNFPA GRAPHIC: PAUL SCRUTON
Urban growth, 2005—2010
Africa Asia Oceania Europe
0.1%
Eastern Europe
-0.4%
Arab States
Latin America
& Caribbean North America
3.2%
2.4%
1.3%
2.8%
1.7%
1.3%
India
329.3
29%
Source: Guardian Urbanization Graphic

5. Demographia.com confirms the same trend.
• > Half of the population (473 out of 922) of large
urban areas (500,000 and over) is in Asia.
• Out of 28 megacities >10M pop. , 17 are in Asia
• MegaManila ranks 5th with huge implications!
http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf, 10th Edition Updated 2014
MM extends to outward to Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Cavite and Batangas.

6. Urban Cities ComparedHow Many People Live in Proximity to Cities?
(Residential Urban Density)
Source: London School of Economics, lsecities.net, Urban Age Cities Compared,
Nov 2011 Publication
• People from Hong Kong,
Shanghai, Mumbai and
NewYork live closest to
cities.
• London is constrained by
the high value of real
estate but combines
density and sprawl well.
• Sao Paulo multi-
centered, same as
Mexico, but Sao Paulo
dominated by high rise
apartment blocks vs.
Mexico’s low rise.
• Johannesburg has a low
residential density
sprawl.

7. Transport Infrastructure Drives Urban FormPublic Transport, Urban Form, Eco Development and Climate Dictate How PeopleTravel
How people travel within cities
Source: London School of Economics, lsecities.net, Urban Age Cities Compared,
Nov 2011 Publication
Infrastructures of Mobility
Non-motorised transport use rises in less
developed, dense cities like Mumbai, Istanbul
and Shanghai.)
Mexico’s informal transport is triggered by
mismatched travel patterns and
infrastructure + high cost of public
transport.

8. Urban Cities Compared
City MMla Hong
Kong
New
York
Sao
Paulo
Shanghai Mumbai Jakarta
2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2012 2010
Population (M) 11.9
(2010)
7.0 8.1 11.3
(Wiki)
15.5 12.5
(Wiki)
9.6
Area (Km2) 638 275
Demog
1104 1,523 6,218 603
(Wiki)
651
(Wiki)
Per Capita
Income US$
6,051 45,090 55,693 12,021 8,237 1,871 3,000
(nat’l***)
GDP % cont to
national
36%
(NEDA 2013)
100 3.3 11.9 5.0 2.9 20*
Density/sq km 18,581 6,782 10,725
(Wiki)
7,216 Inner# 60,100
Outer
23,200
30,900
Demog
14,746
Rail Network
Length (Kms)
104 (includes
PNR)
247 579 275 169 477 170**
Car ownership
rate/1000 pop
148
(2008*)
59 209 368 73 36 312
% daily trips
Walking & cycling
na 44.7 11.2 33.8 54.4 56.3 na
Main Soure: London School of Economics, lsecities.net, Urban Age Cities Compared,
Nov 2011 Publication

9. Model/Mega Cities of the World
Sao Paulo, 11.2M
pop
Brazil, the richest
city of Brazil and the
most impt financial
center of Latin
America; young and
ethnically diverse
Mumbai, 12.5M pop
The commercial and
movie capital of India
and has attracted
millions of migrants
from the countryside.
Over a half of the
population live in
slums.
Shanghai, 17.8M pop
The planet’s largest city
and China’s financial
and comml center. It
has a major port area
and an extensive bus
system > a thousand
lines.
NewYork City, 8.2M
pop
The only city in
America where most
households do not
own a car
Hong Kong, 7.1M
pop.An Alpha+
financial/
commercial city
along the ranks of
London and NY.
Known for its
expansive skyline
and deep, natural
harbour.
Jakarta, 9.6M
A booming city
post 2005
economic crisis and
natural disasters.
Like Mmanila, it also
faces the challenge
of traffic
congestion.

10. Urban Travel Mode Shares
(Ranked in Favor of Non-Motorized Transport)
Source: UN Civitas: Sustainable Urban Mobility. Visions Beyond Europe, Oct 2013
• Car use still
dominate, but
NMT use
catching up
• Strong use of
NMT in
Africa
• Opportunity
to push
public
transport as
viable
alternative to
car use.

11. Metro Manila Now
• MM accounts for 27% of the country’s
MV registration; 90% are private
vehicles. (LTO)
• 210,000 MVs were sold in 2013. MV
sales up by 22% Jan-Apr 2014 vs
2013. (Business Mirror)
• Yet, close to 70% use public
transportation. (NEDA, JICA)
• 65% of air pollution comes from
vehicles. (2006 DENR National
Emission Inventory)
• GDP per Capita +70% of national
average (NSCB)
Image courtesy of Grig c. Montegrande/PDI

12. Metro Manila Now
• Economic loss due to traffic congestion
by 2030 – P6B daily or P2.2 trillion
annual (JICA updated Feb 2014)
• Rise in townships and mixed use
developments cater only to “haves”
• Low income households are pushed out
of the housing market, leading to the
proliferation of slum communities
• The average Filipino spends 10.7% of his
income to transportation and
communication. 1 out of 4 HH owns a
vehicle, 55% own motorcycles. (BSP Consumer
Financial Survey 2009, 10,520 HH)
• Road Crashes/Incidents Per Day: 1 fatal,
46 Non-Fatal, 190 damages to property
(MMDA MMARAS 2013)
Image courtesy of Global Balita

13. Metro Manila Towards 2030
• By 2030, demand for mass transit: 7.4M passengers/day
• Ideal mix for Phils: 41% rail, Jeepney or bus 33%, cars 26%
• Rising population = address increased hazard risks to families along
waterways, a housing backlog (500,000 units), and traffic congestion
• Think Mega Manila – spread economic activities to Regions III and
IVA
• But manage still the inner core of Metro Manila through
redevelopment, revitalization and by building resilience.
Note: Japan railway system constitutes 62% share in public transport.

14. Metro Manila:
A Place of Economic Extremes
• HH Poverty
Incidence 2.6% vs
National 19.7%
(NSCB, 2012)
• But magnitude high
=1.5 M pop (ave.
HH5)
• NCR about 50% of
>3 million people in
live in slums without
electricity, sanitation,
and access to
drinking water.
• Population density is
extremely high, in
some areas more
than 100,000 people
live on one square
kilometer.
http://knowledge.allianz.com/demography/population/?662/the-worlds-biggest-megacities

15. So why zero in on Urban Transport and Mobility
for Sustainable Development?
• “Transport as CATALYST for sustainable urban development (JICA/
NEDA DREAM PLAN Transport Roadmap 2013)
– 1.17 hours per person trip (O-D) average in Metro Manila, worsened to
1.33 hours if “DO NOTHING”.
– “DO SOMETHING” = ave. trip decrease by 43% (0.52 hour), savings in
time will contribute to better productivity and enhanced well-being.
• Public Transport: Centralizes economic functions and
accommodate a growing population over resource constraints,
and creates high levels of accessibility for all.
• Integrated Development along public transport corridors
generates economic growth and increased income from property
taxes.

16. The Dream Plan
Source: JICA/NEDA DREAM PLAN Transport Roadmap 2030 (2013 Report)

17. Plans Underway to Boost Infrastructure
as the Backbone of Urban Form
– New gateway airports and seaports
– Improved road networks and expressways
– Integrated urban mass transit network
– Road (and water-based) public transport
modernization
– Soft component – upgrading of the traffic
management system
Source: JICA/NEDA Mega Manila Infrastructure Road Map 2030

18. So why zero in on Urban Transport and Mobility
for Sustainable Development?
• Walking and Biking: Households expenses diverted to essentials like food,
affordable housing and education.
• Without green-modal solutions:, Car-hungry roads will dominate =more
sprawl, congestion, energy consumption, air pollution, diverted income and
poor health for the majority.
• Metro Manila: a MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY
choosing from any of the following URBAN FORMS*:
– TRADITIONAL NEIGHBORHOODS: Walkable, bikeable with concentration of
daily activities
– TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT: Physical orientation towards public
transportation
– CAR-RESTRICTED DISTRICTS:Traffic Calming, car-free days, pedestrian-friendly
…for increased density and better travel management to reduce cost
of service delivery, promote innovation and enhance quality of life in
an inclusive way.
*Source: UN Civitas: Sustainable Urban Mobility. Visions Beyond Europe, Oct 2013

19. Changing Mindsets of Authorities…as
well as ours!
Photos courtesy of carefreenewwest.blogspot.com
And NYTransportation Alternatives
• WALKING as the most
basic form of transportation
• Developments should be
people-centric, not car
centric
• Push for seamless public
transportation with safe and
convenient transfers
• Lifestyle shift for all income
levels: welcome living in
smaller dwellings that are
close to school, work,
recreation and public
transport

20. Changing Mindsets of Authorities…as
well as ours!
Mampang Prapatan, South Jakarta. January 2014
• ACCESS is the ultimate
objective of all
transportation.
Source: UN Civitas: Sustainable Urban Mobility. Visions Beyond Europe, Oct 2013
Pasig City. June 2014

21. “Sustainable mobility extends beyond technicalities of
increasing speed and improving the effectiveness and
efficiency of trans port systems, to include demand-oriented
measures (e.g. promoting walking and cycling, and
reducing the need to travel), with the latter
representing a pivotal factor in achieving relevant
progress. It suggests that the prevailing challenges of
urban mobility are consequences of the preoccupation with
the means of mobility rather than its end – which is the
realization of accessibility”. (29)
Global Report on Human Settlements 2013
The Firefly Brigade EDSA Bikelanes CMR with MMDA,April 2014

22. Changing Mindsets of Authorities…as
well as ours!
• ACCESS is the ultimate
objective of all
transportation.
• Focus on the HUMAN
RIGHT to equitable access
to destinations and
opportunities.
Source: UN Civitas: Sustainable Urban Mobility. Visions Beyond Europe, Oct 2013
http://balita.ph/2010/03/30/metro-manila-workers-families-continue-their-
exodus-to-provinces-to-observe-lent/

23. “…mobility is not only a matter of developing transport
infrastructure and services, but also of overcoming the
social, economic, political and physical constraints to
movement.These constraints are influenced by factors
such as: class, gender relations, poverty, physical
disabilities, affordability, etc. Mobility is thus about
granting access to opportunities and
empowering people to fully exercise their
human rights.”
Global Report on Human Settlements 2013

24. Changing Mindsets of Authorities…as
well as ours!
EDSA approaching Guadalupe Bridge.
Image courtesy of MMDA.
• ACCESS is the ultimate objective of all
transportation.
• Focus on the HUMAN RIGHT to
equitable access to destinations and
opportunities.
• Strengthen ENABLING and
DEVELOPMENTAL ROLE OF
TRANPORTATION within cities.
• Review the relationship between
URBAN FORM and MOBILITY.
• Support SUSTAINABLE MODES OF
TRANSPORTATION, i.e., public and
non-motorized transport.
• EFFICIENT AND HIGH CAPACITY
PUBLICTRANSPORT SYSTEMS
are the backbone of sustainable urban
mobility.
Source: UN Civitas: Sustainable Urban Mobility. Visions Beyond Europe, Oct 2013

25. Quality
Transport
Infrastructure
• Land Use
• Systems Efficiency (ITS,
Non-Physical Contact)
• Traffic Education
• Non-Motorized
Transport
• CNG Buses
• Low Cost Green Car
• Policy
• Multi-Vehicle Tax System
• Transit Facility
Improvements
• HOV
• Eco-Driving
• Green Car
• TOD
• Park & Ride
Demand Management
Strategies
• Social Media/Apps
• Congestion
Charging
• Gasoline Tax
• Parking Pricing
• Parking Cap
• Employer-based
TDM
• PWD Access
• Street Buffering
• Bicycle facility and
lane improvements
• Business Taxis
Transport Policies
Drive Policies and Strategies that will Drive
Good Citizen Behavior

26. • Planning that puts PEOPLE,
PLACES and ACTIVITIES
TOGETHER. It can start
at community level!
• Balancing dense
development with a good
public transport system and
access to open/public spaces
by people from all walks of
life.
Said another way, Inclusive Mobility
for sustainable development is all about …

27. Inclusive Mobility
is all about …

28. ThankYou.
“Riding on a Jeepney even if he can afford a Ferrari. Respect.”
Image Courtesy of Jason Abarquez. Caption courtesy of TOPGEAR Facebook Page, June 2014.