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Plan for Funding
October 24, 2013
1	
  
Agenda
•  Funding is an OUTCOME of your business
•  You need to understand what kind of business
you have
–  Type of business
–  Business model
–  Stage of business
–  Gaps in your business

•  You need to learn the language of finance
•  But the bottom line is: if you build the business
well, the funding will follow
2	
  
Types of Business
SOCIAL	
  VENTURE	
  
COMPANY	
  

•  Goal is to fulfill
a social need
•  Has mission
orientation
•  Team needs to
support mission
•  Growth profile
often one
resource at a
time
•  Exit …much
harder to find fit

NORMAL	
  GROWTH	
  
COMPANY	
  
“Small	
  &	
  Profitable”	
  

HIGH	
  
GROWTH	
  
COMPANY	
  

•  Includes all
service
businesses
•  Exploiting a local
market need
•  Team has ‘great
jobs’
•  Growth by adding
resources one by
one
•  Exit will be based
on value of cash
flow (mature biz.)

•  Company can
grow fast (on-line)
or has a scalable
system
•  Team often
motivated by exit
•  $7-10M revenue in
5 yrs & market
size allows
significant
additional growth
•  Capital efficient
total investment
$2-4M
•  Exit by M&A

EXTREME	
  
HIGH	
  GROWTH	
  
COMPANY	
  

•  Growth profile
ultra-scalable
•  Team focus is exit
•  Revenue $40M+
with lots of room
for growth (5 yr.)
•  Based on $20M+
investment
•  Exit targeted to
IPO or by ‘large’
M&A event

3	
  
Typical Funding Sources
SOCIAL	
  VENTURE	
  
COMPANY	
  

•  Friends
family,
founders
•  Charity$$
•  Crowd funding
(Kickstarter,
etc)
•  Impact Angels
•  (Future)
Crowd funding
(portal style)

NORMAL	
  GROWTH	
  
COMPANY	
  
“Small	
  &	
  Profitable”	
  

•  Friends, family,
founders
•  Debt, Bank, and
other
•  (Future) Crowd
funding (portal
style)

HIGH	
  
GROWTH	
  
COMPANY	
  

EXTREME	
  
HIGH	
  GROWTH	
  
COMPANY	
  

•  Angels
•  Angel Groups
•  Angel Group
Syndication
•  Angel List
•  Micro-cap Funds
•  (Future) Crowd
funding (portal
style)
•  Increasingly
Strategic
Corporate VCs

Early on
•  Accelerators
•  Individual Angels
•  Micro Cap VCs
•  Seed from VC
Later stages
•  Venture Funds
•  Strategic VCs
•  Angel
Syndication

4	
  
Debt Capital
•  Funding	
  based	
  on	
  a	
  set	
  schedule	
  of	
  principal	
  and	
  interest	
  payments	
  that	
  
provide	
  a	
  fixed	
  return	
  for	
  the	
  lender.	
  Availability	
  may	
  be	
  based	
  on	
  asset	
  
value	
  or	
  cash	
  flow	
  or	
  personal	
  guarantee	
  
•  Sources:	
  
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 

Personal	
  Loans	
  –	
  Friends/Family	
  
Bank	
  Loans	
  
SBA	
  Loans	
  
Expect	
  debt	
  classes	
  from	
  Jobs	
  Bill	
  crowd	
  funding	
  portals	
  
Credit	
  Cards	
  

•  Venture	
  Debt	
  –	
  usually	
  linked	
  to	
  equity	
  
•  ConverOble	
  Debt–	
  really	
  another	
  form	
  of	
  equity	
  funding	
  

5
Equity Capital
• 
• 

“Risk	
  Capital”,	
  shared	
  upside	
  
Equity	
  Capital	
  requires	
  an	
  exit:	
  
–  IPO	
  &	
  Private	
  Equity	
  	
  
–  M&A	
  (most)	
  

• 

VCs	
  invest	
  other	
  people’s	
  money	
  (from	
  pension	
  funds	
  etc.)	
  
–  Returns	
  are	
  measured	
  on	
  a	
  per	
  fund	
  basis	
  
–  Focus	
  find	
  the	
  best	
  &	
  adding	
  resources	
  to	
  aid	
  success	
  
–  ~$26.5B	
  annually,	
  ~	
  3,700	
  new	
  investments	
  2012	
  

• 

Angels	
  invest	
  own	
  money	
  
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 

Prefer	
  capital	
  efficient	
  /	
  early	
  exit	
  opportuniOes	
  
~$23B	
  annually,	
  ~	
  67,000	
  new	
  investments	
  2012	
  
Angel	
  groups	
  (a	
  dozen	
  greater	
  Boston,	
  two	
  dozen	
  NE)	
  ~10-­‐15%,	
  	
  
Informal	
  networks	
  &	
  one-­‐Ome-­‐investors	
  ~15-­‐20%,	
  	
  
Super	
  angels	
  ~25-­‐30%,	
  	
  
Family	
  offices	
  ~35-­‐45%	
  

6
Alternate Sources of Funding
• 

Business	
  Plan	
  CompeOOons	
  and	
  Accelerators	
  
–  Many	
  firms	
  gain	
  enough	
  for	
  some	
  product	
  compleOon	
  steps	
  	
  

• 

Revenue	
  –	
  Best	
  of	
  all	
  	
  (Bootstrapping)	
  
–  Revenue	
  history	
  opens	
  more	
  types	
  of	
  debts	
  
–  Pre-­‐payments	
  

• 

Vendors,	
  partners	
  and	
  customers	
  
–  Including	
  NRE	
  to	
  build	
  joint	
  product	
  
–  Great	
  source	
  of	
  quick	
  capital	
  for	
  markeOng	
  or	
  sales	
  collaboraOon	
  

• 

SBIR	
  Grants	
  
–  ~$2	
  Billion	
  department	
  specific	
  funding	
  
–  2	
  or	
  3	
  ‘research’	
  calls	
  from	
  each	
  department	
  each	
  year,	
  must	
  be	
  used	
  for	
  research	
  …	
  then	
  you	
  
commercialize	
  with	
  other	
  funding	
  

• 

Other	
  government	
  funding,	
  lots	
  of	
  “detailed”	
  sources	
  
–  Mass	
  Life	
  Science	
  &	
  Sustainable	
  Energy	
  –	
  loans	
  or	
  converOble	
  notes	
  

• 

Crowdfunding	
  

–  Pre-­‐sales	
  or	
  (coming	
  soon?)	
  equity	
  

7
Business Models - Software
Early	
  revenue	
  –	
  usually	
  more	
  capital	
  efficient	
  
•  Sokware	
  license	
  
•  SaaS	
  
•  SubscripOon	
  fees	
  
•  AcOon	
  or	
  TransacOon	
  fees	
  
Later	
  revenue	
  –	
  usually	
  less	
  capital	
  efficient	
  
•  Two-­‐sided	
  markets	
  
•  “Freemium”	
  
•  AdverOsing	
  
•  Virtual	
  goods	
  
•  “Big	
  data”	
  
•  “Eyeball	
  plays”	
  

8
Business Models - Other
Consumer	
  goods	
  
•  Brand	
  building	
  
•  Manufacturing	
  
•  DistribuOon	
  
Life	
  sciences	
  
•  Healthcare	
  IT	
  
•  Medical	
  devices	
  
•  PharmaceuOcals	
  

9
High-Growth Funding
•  Great	
  team	
  
•  Great	
  idea	
  /	
  innovaOon	
  
•  Large	
  market	
  
•  Scalability	
  
•  Great	
  ROI	
  
The	
  choice	
  of	
  funding	
  can	
  be	
  cut	
  two	
  ways:	
  	
  
•  Choose	
  your	
  business	
  model	
  based	
  on	
  preferred	
  funding/exit	
  
•  Choose	
  your	
  funding	
  based	
  on	
  preferred	
  business	
  model	
  

10
Stages
•  Crystal: Think out the issues
–  Mostly about the TEAM, how you think, how you act, what you bring
to the party
–  Mentors / advisors critical: “socialize the company”

•  Demonstrate Product
–  Prototype / MVP
–  Early customer acceptance / purchase

•  Market Entry
–  Cost metrics
–  Scalability
–  Beware the early adopter!

•  Growth
–  Repeatable cost model
–  “Fuel the fire”

11	
  
Funding by Stage
Stage	
  

Crystallize	
  Idea	
  
and	
  Early	
  
DemonstraIon	
  

Demonstrate	
  
Product	
  &	
  
Market	
  
Interest	
  

Market	
  Entry	
  
and	
  Early	
  
Growth	
  

Early	
  Scaling	
   Repeatable	
  
Growth	
  
Growth	
  

Capital	
  
Source	
  

Founders,	
  
Friends,	
  Family,	
  
Grants,	
  
Kickstarter,	
  etc.	
  

Accelerators,	
  
Individual	
  
Angels,	
  many	
  
others	
  now	
  
“exploring”	
  

Angel	
  Groups,	
  
Angel	
  Group	
  
SyndicaOon,	
  
Micro-­‐Cap	
  
Funds	
  

VCs,	
  Angel	
  
Group	
  
SyndicaOon,	
  
Micro-­‐Cap	
  
Funds	
  

VCs	
  

$25K	
  -­‐	
  $100K	
  

$100K	
  -­‐	
  $500K	
  

$500K	
  -­‐	
  $1M	
  

$5M	
  –	
  as	
  
needed	
  

as	
  needed	
  

Investment	
  

This	
  is	
  the	
  
stage	
  where	
  
advice	
  can	
  
make	
  you	
  
eligible	
  for	
  
outside	
  
funding	
  later	
  

Accelerators	
  
and	
  a	
  few	
  
individual	
  
angels	
  play	
  
here	
  …	
  unless	
  
it	
  is	
  a	
  big	
  idea	
  

This	
  is	
  where	
  
Angel	
  
Groups	
  do	
  
most	
  1st	
  
investments
….	
  	
  

These	
  2	
  need	
  
sophisOcated	
  growth	
  plans	
  	
  

12	
  
Gaps
•  At each stage you need to identify the gaps that inhibit
growth
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 

Product
Personnel
Promotion
Plan
Profits

•  A strong investor can help with each of these
–  Money addresses many problems
–  Advice and mentorship solve others
–  Industry connections can be key

13	
  
Language
•  In order to build your business, you need to speak the
language
–  This is critical in thinking about your business
•  Things like margins, CCA, LTV, MVP, viral coefficient
•  Terms of art from your own industry

–  Terms of the investment art
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

Equity versus Convertible Debt
Valuation
Preference
Governance
Representations
Restrictive Covenants
Cap tables
Etc, etc.

14	
  

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Plan for funding

  • 1. Plan for Funding October 24, 2013 1  
  • 2. Agenda •  Funding is an OUTCOME of your business •  You need to understand what kind of business you have –  Type of business –  Business model –  Stage of business –  Gaps in your business •  You need to learn the language of finance •  But the bottom line is: if you build the business well, the funding will follow 2  
  • 3. Types of Business SOCIAL  VENTURE   COMPANY   •  Goal is to fulfill a social need •  Has mission orientation •  Team needs to support mission •  Growth profile often one resource at a time •  Exit …much harder to find fit NORMAL  GROWTH   COMPANY   “Small  &  Profitable”   HIGH   GROWTH   COMPANY   •  Includes all service businesses •  Exploiting a local market need •  Team has ‘great jobs’ •  Growth by adding resources one by one •  Exit will be based on value of cash flow (mature biz.) •  Company can grow fast (on-line) or has a scalable system •  Team often motivated by exit •  $7-10M revenue in 5 yrs & market size allows significant additional growth •  Capital efficient total investment $2-4M •  Exit by M&A EXTREME   HIGH  GROWTH   COMPANY   •  Growth profile ultra-scalable •  Team focus is exit •  Revenue $40M+ with lots of room for growth (5 yr.) •  Based on $20M+ investment •  Exit targeted to IPO or by ‘large’ M&A event 3  
  • 4. Typical Funding Sources SOCIAL  VENTURE   COMPANY   •  Friends family, founders •  Charity$$ •  Crowd funding (Kickstarter, etc) •  Impact Angels •  (Future) Crowd funding (portal style) NORMAL  GROWTH   COMPANY   “Small  &  Profitable”   •  Friends, family, founders •  Debt, Bank, and other •  (Future) Crowd funding (portal style) HIGH   GROWTH   COMPANY   EXTREME   HIGH  GROWTH   COMPANY   •  Angels •  Angel Groups •  Angel Group Syndication •  Angel List •  Micro-cap Funds •  (Future) Crowd funding (portal style) •  Increasingly Strategic Corporate VCs Early on •  Accelerators •  Individual Angels •  Micro Cap VCs •  Seed from VC Later stages •  Venture Funds •  Strategic VCs •  Angel Syndication 4  
  • 5. Debt Capital •  Funding  based  on  a  set  schedule  of  principal  and  interest  payments  that   provide  a  fixed  return  for  the  lender.  Availability  may  be  based  on  asset   value  or  cash  flow  or  personal  guarantee   •  Sources:   –  –  –  –  –  Personal  Loans  –  Friends/Family   Bank  Loans   SBA  Loans   Expect  debt  classes  from  Jobs  Bill  crowd  funding  portals   Credit  Cards   •  Venture  Debt  –  usually  linked  to  equity   •  ConverOble  Debt–  really  another  form  of  equity  funding   5
  • 6. Equity Capital •  •  “Risk  Capital”,  shared  upside   Equity  Capital  requires  an  exit:   –  IPO  &  Private  Equity     –  M&A  (most)   •  VCs  invest  other  people’s  money  (from  pension  funds  etc.)   –  Returns  are  measured  on  a  per  fund  basis   –  Focus  find  the  best  &  adding  resources  to  aid  success   –  ~$26.5B  annually,  ~  3,700  new  investments  2012   •  Angels  invest  own  money   –  –  –  –  –  –  Prefer  capital  efficient  /  early  exit  opportuniOes   ~$23B  annually,  ~  67,000  new  investments  2012   Angel  groups  (a  dozen  greater  Boston,  two  dozen  NE)  ~10-­‐15%,     Informal  networks  &  one-­‐Ome-­‐investors  ~15-­‐20%,     Super  angels  ~25-­‐30%,     Family  offices  ~35-­‐45%   6
  • 7. Alternate Sources of Funding •  Business  Plan  CompeOOons  and  Accelerators   –  Many  firms  gain  enough  for  some  product  compleOon  steps     •  Revenue  –  Best  of  all    (Bootstrapping)   –  Revenue  history  opens  more  types  of  debts   –  Pre-­‐payments   •  Vendors,  partners  and  customers   –  Including  NRE  to  build  joint  product   –  Great  source  of  quick  capital  for  markeOng  or  sales  collaboraOon   •  SBIR  Grants   –  ~$2  Billion  department  specific  funding   –  2  or  3  ‘research’  calls  from  each  department  each  year,  must  be  used  for  research  …  then  you   commercialize  with  other  funding   •  Other  government  funding,  lots  of  “detailed”  sources   –  Mass  Life  Science  &  Sustainable  Energy  –  loans  or  converOble  notes   •  Crowdfunding   –  Pre-­‐sales  or  (coming  soon?)  equity   7
  • 8. Business Models - Software Early  revenue  –  usually  more  capital  efficient   •  Sokware  license   •  SaaS   •  SubscripOon  fees   •  AcOon  or  TransacOon  fees   Later  revenue  –  usually  less  capital  efficient   •  Two-­‐sided  markets   •  “Freemium”   •  AdverOsing   •  Virtual  goods   •  “Big  data”   •  “Eyeball  plays”   8
  • 9. Business Models - Other Consumer  goods   •  Brand  building   •  Manufacturing   •  DistribuOon   Life  sciences   •  Healthcare  IT   •  Medical  devices   •  PharmaceuOcals   9
  • 10. High-Growth Funding •  Great  team   •  Great  idea  /  innovaOon   •  Large  market   •  Scalability   •  Great  ROI   The  choice  of  funding  can  be  cut  two  ways:     •  Choose  your  business  model  based  on  preferred  funding/exit   •  Choose  your  funding  based  on  preferred  business  model   10
  • 11. Stages •  Crystal: Think out the issues –  Mostly about the TEAM, how you think, how you act, what you bring to the party –  Mentors / advisors critical: “socialize the company” •  Demonstrate Product –  Prototype / MVP –  Early customer acceptance / purchase •  Market Entry –  Cost metrics –  Scalability –  Beware the early adopter! •  Growth –  Repeatable cost model –  “Fuel the fire” 11  
  • 12. Funding by Stage Stage   Crystallize  Idea   and  Early   DemonstraIon   Demonstrate   Product  &   Market   Interest   Market  Entry   and  Early   Growth   Early  Scaling   Repeatable   Growth   Growth   Capital   Source   Founders,   Friends,  Family,   Grants,   Kickstarter,  etc.   Accelerators,   Individual   Angels,  many   others  now   “exploring”   Angel  Groups,   Angel  Group   SyndicaOon,   Micro-­‐Cap   Funds   VCs,  Angel   Group   SyndicaOon,   Micro-­‐Cap   Funds   VCs   $25K  -­‐  $100K   $100K  -­‐  $500K   $500K  -­‐  $1M   $5M  –  as   needed   as  needed   Investment   This  is  the   stage  where   advice  can   make  you   eligible  for   outside   funding  later   Accelerators   and  a  few   individual   angels  play   here  …  unless   it  is  a  big  idea   This  is  where   Angel   Groups  do   most  1st   investments ….     These  2  need   sophisOcated  growth  plans     12  
  • 13. Gaps •  At each stage you need to identify the gaps that inhibit growth –  –  –  –  –  Product Personnel Promotion Plan Profits •  A strong investor can help with each of these –  Money addresses many problems –  Advice and mentorship solve others –  Industry connections can be key 13  
  • 14. Language •  In order to build your business, you need to speak the language –  This is critical in thinking about your business •  Things like margins, CCA, LTV, MVP, viral coefficient •  Terms of art from your own industry –  Terms of the investment art •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  Equity versus Convertible Debt Valuation Preference Governance Representations Restrictive Covenants Cap tables Etc, etc. 14